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Textile industries produce large amounts of waste water. Presence of various dyes like reactive dyes, azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, etc.is noted in textile industry effluent. In this work we intend to target azo dyes and anthraquinone dyes which has various colouring and toxic effects. Literature review shows that there are various sustainable wastewater treatments namely adsorption, electro-coagulation, ultrasonic treatment, etc. The present investigation intends to discuss the adsorption method for the treatment of industrial wastewater using metal oxide nanoparticles. Literature review supports the use of synthesized porous MgO powder at Nanoscale for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. Results indicate that the MgO powder can remove more than 98% of both dyes under optimum operational conditions. At various MgO dosages, dye concentrations, solution pH and contact time in a batch reactor are studied. The analysis is followed by FTIR & XRD. Keyword: Waste-water, MgO, Nano particle, Adsorption, Congo red

In the present study, Powder Activated Carbon/Maghemite composite (MPCs) was used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of a textile dye ‘Reactive Blue 19ʹ (RB19) from simulated textile wastewa...

Along with toxic dyes textile dye wastewater contains various xenobiotic compounds therefore their treatment is necessary before discharging into the environment. Bioremediation was considered as one of the eco-friendly and self-sustainable treatment systems and amongst them cyanobacteria was considered as one of the best resources for the bioremediation of organic pollutants. Thus, in this present study, Spirulina sp. was evaluated for the treatment of real textile dye wastewater (RTDW) along with the removal of metal ions and other organic pollutants. The metabolic activities to Spirulina sp. leads to complete more than 98% decolorization of Reactive Brown GR11, Reactive Magenta HBB 26, Reactive Red Bs11 and Reactive Yellow 160 dye. However, to enhance the treatment efficiency of Spirulina sp. carbon and nitrogen sources were optimized. In the presence of 1% glucose and yeast extract Spirulina sp. showed 86% American Dye Manufacturers’ Institute (ADMI) removal and 83 % chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction from the undiluted non-sterilize RTDW. The maximum treatment efficiency of Spirulina sp. was observed at pH-7 and 30 °C under optimized co-substrates. Degradation of RTDW and representative four azo dyes were further confirmed by using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Additionally, toxicity analysis was considered as the best method to evaluate the efficiency of treatment process. Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity assay clearly show that Spirulina sp. treatment significantly reduces the toxic characteristics of RTDW.

In the present study, calcium peroxide (CaO2) was used separately for potential application as an environmentally friendly and low-cost oxidant for the removal of a textile dye ‘Reactive Black 5’ (RB5) from simulated textile wastewater containing auxiliary chemicals of textile production. The specific morphology, elemental analysis, particle size distribution, specific surface area, identification of crystalline phases and surface functional groups of the synthesized CaO2 were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), laser diffraction (LD), Brunaure–Emmett–Teller method (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR), respectively. X-ray Diffraction analysis confirmed the synthesized oxidant as CaO2 with the tetragonal crystalline structure. The signal corresponded to a bending vibration of O–Ca–O was detected in the fingerprint region of the FTIR spectroscopy. The effects of various independent parameters such as contact time, pH, initial RB5 concentration and CaO2 dosage on decolorization were investigated. The results of the study showed that pH, initial dye concentration and the CaO2 amounts have significant effects on removal of the RB5. The optimum pH was determined 7 for the removal of RB5 by CaO2. 2.0 g CaO2 was found to be sufficient for the removal of 300 mg/L RB5 with 96.93% removal efficiency. Also 82.8% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency from simulated textile wastewater (STW) was obtained by 2.0 g CaO2. The results of the present study showed that the CaO2 can be used as an environmentally friendly and low-cost oxidant for effective removal of reactive textile dyes.

The dye removal using phytoremediation has demonstrated its potential to degrade many recalcitrant dyes. The kinetic investigations for phytoremediation ability of Salvinia molesta Mitchell (S. molesta) were evaluated for Direct Red 28 (DR28) dye in the present research work. The potential of S. molesta was analysed at different pH and different initial dye concentrations. About 90 % of dye decolorization was achieved for 50 mg L−1 dye solution with 4 g of S. molesta plant at pH 6.5. The experimental results were evaluated with pseudo-first, pseudo-second and Elovich kinetic models. The validation indicated the most suitable curve with Pseudo-second order having the correlation value R2 ≥ 0.99. FTIR studies supported the phytoextraction of DR28 through functional group interaction between plant hairy roots and dye molecules. The results of the present studies suggests that S. molesta can be utilized for remediation of water bodies and wetlands contaminated with dye wastewater in natural conditions.

Objectives : This study evaluated and identified the removal of colors and chemocal oxygen demands from thextile dye effluents by Bacillus cereus isolated from the local textile wastewater treatment plant.Methods : Central composite design (CCD) from response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in order to achieve the optimized treatment process condition for the textile dyes wastewater degradation. Two-level of three process parameters with six center points resulted a total of twenty runs of experiments were performed. Bacterial inoculum (-1,+1) (%, v/v), agitation (-1, +1) (rpm), and pH (-1, +1) were tested.Results and Discussion : During the ten days of biodegradation process, highest decolourization achieved was 88.67% with low pH and agitation; and medium level of initial concentration of bacterial inoculum. Highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was achieved with 99.20% from high pH (pH 10), low agitation (100 rpm) and high initial concentration of bacterial inoculum (15%, v/v).Conclusions : The biological treatments was able to remove colour and chemical oxygen demand with application of CCD, giving the optimum settings of the three process parameters studied.

Textile industry has been rapidly progressing over the years, leading to an increasing volume of water usage that contributes to the large production of textile wastewater. Biological treatment pro...

The wide range of today's industry increases the diversity of pollutants in the wastewater characteristics. In particular, the wastewater of the textile industry is highly colored. Different techniques are used for color removal of dyes from wastewater. In this work, the removal efficiency of the textile dye (Reactive Black 5) at different current densities (48.5 A/m2, 97.18 A/m2, 194.36 A/m2, 291.5 A/m2, 388.7 A/m2) was investigated by electrocoagulation method. The dye concentration of wastewater prepared in the laboratory scale was adjusted to 100 mg/L. Two iron electrodes and 3 g NaCl were used in the electrocoagulation system. The samples which taken periodically were measured after the centrifugal processes with the UV spectrophotometer. The experimental results were also modelled with artificial neural networks (ANNs). As a result of the experiments, approximately 90-100% color removal efficiency was obtained. According to the modelling study, the ANNs can predict the color removal efficiency with coefficient of determination (R2) between the experimental and predicted output variable reached up to 0.99.

The spore laccase enzyme production by B. amyloliquefaciens was optimized. It was characterized and tested for its textile dye decolorization potential. LB medium was found to be the most promising...

In this work the energy recovery in microbial fuel cell was studied by electrically stacking its three individual units into series and parallel arrangements. The power output was higher in paralle...

Reactive Blue-19 is one of the most important synthetic dyes, which is used in the different industrial processes, especially for textile industry. Due to its fused aromatic structure, it is regarded as a toxic organic pollutant in wastewater. In the present study, the decolorization activity of Boletus edulis laccase immobilized onto rice husks for Reactive Blue-19 was examined. Boletus edulis, an edible mushroom, was used as a laccase source for the first time. Laccase was immobilized onto the rice husks which are inexpensive support having lignocellulose structure by using a simple method. The operating conditions of immobilized laccase were optimized for dye decolorization, and the decolorization activity of immobilized laccase was determined to be 91% for Reactive Blue-19 with initial concentration of 100 mg/L kept in 0.1 M of citrate phosphate buffer solution (pH 3.5) for 1 h at 25 °C. The decolorization of Reactive Blue-19 catalyzed by immobilized laccase was monitored by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy analysis. The results of reusing studies showed that immobilized laccase retains approximately 50% of its initial decolorization activity after 9 cycles. Also, the effects of some auxiliary chemicals and metal ions found in textile wastewaters were investigated for decolorization process. In the reaction medium, containing 10 mM Fe2+ and 10 mM Tween 80, the decolorization activity decreased to 76% and 80.8%, respectively. The remarkable decolorization activity of immobilized laccase showed that it has a high potential for the treatment of textile wastewaters.

Wastewater from the textile industry contaminated with azo dyes affects the environment negatively, causes pollution, and threatens environmental balance. Among various methods for wastewater treatment, bioremediation emerges as an environmentally friendly, economical, and sustainable solution. In this study, white-rot fungus Sporotrichum sp. was employed to decolorize reactive blue 13 (RB13). The long-term decolorization capacity of the fungus was investigated by a sequential batch experiment under optimized conditions. The fungus showed high decolorization efficiency upon repeating usage, and its decolorization efficiency decreased from 97.4% to 87.09% after transferring to a freshly prepared medium seven times. The MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay) method using Chinese Hamster Lung V79 379A was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of treated water samples. This study revealed that Sporotrichum sp. has short-term enzymatic and long-term biosorption capacity on reactive blue 13 and the decolorization potential of the alive and dead cells is impressively high. PRACTITIONER POINTS: White-rot fungus Sporotrichum sp. is able to decolorize sulfonated azo-dye reactive blue 13 upon sequential incubation in freshly prepared dye solution. The decolorization mechanism of the fungus is estimated to be bioadsorption. Sporotrichum sp. can be considered for long-term usage and immobilization applications.

In this study, the viability of South African ilmenite sands as a catalyst in the photo-Fenton-like degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye was investigated. The mineralogy and other properties of the material were characterized. Complete decolorization occurred under acidic conditions (pH < 4) in the presence of ilmenite and H2O2. Light irradiation accelerated the rate of reaction. Parameter optimization revealed that a pH of 2.5, UVB irradiation, 2 g/L catalyst loading, and a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 1.0 mM were required. Under these conditions, complete decolorization was observed after 45 min. Degradation kinetics were best described by the pseudo-first order (PFO) model. Rate constants of 0.095 and 0.034 min−1 were obtained for 5 and 20 mg/L MO concentrations, respectively. A 37% total organic carbon removal was observed after 60 min. This suggests a stepwise MO degradation pathway with intermediate formation rather than complete mineralization. Although iron leaching was detected, the mineralogy of the catalyst recovered after the reaction was similar to the fresh catalyst.

In the present study, Chryseobacterium geocarposphaerae DD3 isolated from textile industry dye effluent in West Bengal, India, displayed significant tolerance to sulfonated di-azo dye Congo red (CR), up to 500 ppm. The optimum decolourisation revealed that C. geocarposphaerae DD3 was capable of 96.52% decolourisation of 0.2 g L−1 CR within 12 h of treatment in the presence of 5 g L−1 glucose as supplementary carbon source. Biodegradation analysis of decolourised CR containing water was investigated by FTIR, MS and 1H NMR, which confirmed the absence of azo bond as well as the toxic aromatic amines. Further, phytotoxicity analysis was performed to assess the toxicity of CR before and after bacterial treatment. Growth indexes of Vigna radiata L. seed confirmed that the biodegraded water was non-phytotoxic in comparison to the control CR solution. Multivariate analyses confirmed the same, showing significant differences between measured plant health indicators for CR solutions, whereas no significant differences were found between distilled and treated water. This study is novel as it is the first report of dye degradation by C. geocarposphaerae and may lead to a sustainable way of treating dye-contaminated water in the near future.

The Colored wastewaters produced from textile industries are enriched with toxic reactive dyes that cause serious biotic risk and ecological disturbances. The present study aims to decolourize an anthraquinone reactive blue-19 dye from aqueous solution by Bacillus cohnii LAP217. The selection of influential process parameters and optimization of process condition is performed using two-point factorial analysis and response surface method, respectively. The results reveal that the decolourization of dye is positively influenced by supplementation of di-sodium hydrogen phosphate (coefficient estimate: 7.4). The bacterium has exhibited 87.3 ± 0.4% decolourization of initial dye concentration 50 mg/L during the model validation through confirmatory experiment analysis, which has satisfactory correlation with model predicted response. However, the initial chromate concentration >50 mg/L in the medium have negative influence on performance of system by reducing the dye decolourization response below

The aim of this study is to develop a simple, economical and effective treatment scheme to treat effluents from small scale textile dyeing units and tanneries, which have been set up in rural areas. The physicochemical properties of real time effluents procured from these industries were analysed. The workflow required for treating these effluents were ascertained by preliminary tests carried out on synthetically created solutions. A novel treatment scheme for tannery and textile dye effluents sludge volume reduction by the use of sodium hypochlorite was identified. Effective methods for the safe disposal and recycling of all the by-products generated from different steps were discussed. The proposed scheme was successfully able to decolourize and detoxify both the tannery and textile dyeing effluent with over 90% removal of both COD and BOD. The impacts of the treatment scheme on 14 different effluent parameters were reported. The methodology developed in this study may be utilized to construct simple localized treatment units for handling effluents in isolated rural areas. This preliminary treatment at the source, will help in the reduction of the load on the local treatment plants and prevent their choking.

In this study, the use of calcined eggshell (CE) as an adsorbent in removing Victoria Blue R (VBR) dyestuff from the solution medium was investigated. For this purpose, pH, interaction time, adsorbate concentration, amount of adsorbent, and salt effect parameters were studied to determine the appropriate adsorption conditions. The highest adsorption yield was obtained at pH 2, 2.0 g/L adsorbent, and a stirring time of 5 minutes. 97% of the dye was removed under optimum adsorption conditions. The results obtained from the experimental studies showed that the adsorption mechanism is compatible with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. SEM and IR analysis were performed for the characterization of CE.

In this study, the use of calcined eggshell (CE) as an adsorbent in removing Victoria Blue R (VBR) dyestuff from the solution medium was investigated. For this purpose, pH, interaction time, adsorbate concentration, amount of adsorbent, and salt effect parameters were studied to determine the appropriate adsorption conditions. The highest adsorption yield was obtained at pH 2, 2.0 g/L adsorbent, and a stirring time of 5 minutes. 97% of the dye was removed under optimum adsorption conditions. The results obtained from the experimental studies showed that the adsorption mechanism is compatible with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. SEM and IR analysis were performed for the characterization of CE. © 2021, Turkish Chemical Society. All rights reserved. FEF01.13.009 This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Department of Hitit University (Project no: FEF01.13.009) 2-s2.0-85097824876

Most of the dyes are carcinogenic and mutagenic in nature. Plants are potential candidates to remediate textile dye wastewater from contaminated sites. The present study aimed to screen potential plant species for removal of synthetic dye solution of triarylmethane dye Methylene Blue (MB) and diazo dye Congo Red (CR). The six plants selected for screening are Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi), Tagetes erecta (T. erecta), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (H. rosa- sinensis), Chrysanthemum indicum (C. indicum), Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi (B. fedtschenkoi), and Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus). The phytotreatment of dyes was done up to 40 h for two different concentrations of dyes i.e. 10 and 20 mg L−1. Among screened plant species, the maximum decolorization was obtained from T. ammi followed by B. fedtschenkoi. Both of these plant species showed active growth even after the phytoremediation process. T. ammi decolorized the MB dye 99% (10 mg L−1) and 86% (20 mg L−1) while the decolorization of the CR dye solution was up to 95% (10 mg L−1) and 84% (20 mg L−1). T. ammi found to have maximum potential among screened plants for the removal of MB and CR dye from synthetic dye solution and can be used for phytoremediation of wastewater contaminated with synthetic dyes.

The use of readily available water treatment residuals (WTR) as a low-cost material for removal of colour from real textile wastewater was investigated. WTR was used in three forms, namely in raw wet form as a coagulant, in the dried form as an adsorbent and as a filtration media in column tests. The results showed a maximum colour removal of 55 and 36% by coagulation and adsorption, respectively, and the corresponding COD removals were 35 and 37%. Coagulation and batch sorption tests showed the effect of initial pH on the colour removal, and maximum colour removal was obtained at an initial pH of 3.0. Long-duration continuous-flow column test using WTR as a filtration/sorption media showed that a maximum colour removal of 60% can be achieved. In column studies, complete exhaustion of the media occurred at 180 and 120 bed volumes, respectively, for initial pHs of 3.0 and 6.2. The study thus shows the potential of WTR for primary treatment of real textile dye wastewater.

The following is a review of published literature on textile wastewater in 2019. Presented are the sections described for the review: concise introduction on the textiles wastewater, followed by a review of present textile treatment technologies organized by physicochemical, biological, and combined processes. Lastly, a discussion of the future topics is presented. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The discharge of textile dye wastewater represents a serious environmental problem and public health concern. Effluents from textile manufacturing, dyeing, and finishing processes contain high-concentration recalcitrant chemicals that are resistant to biodegradation. The textile wastewater needs environmental-friendly and cost-effective combined treatment process.

We obtained dye-decolorizing bacteria from the hands of ordinary people with an efficiency of approximately 40%. The bacteria were classified into the azo dye-decolorizing group and anthraquinone dye-decolorizing group. The former were capable of decolorizing real textile wastewater, whereas the latter could achieve only partial decolorization. These bacterial strains can potentially be applied to assess the major types of dyes in textile wastewater and dye-polluted rivers. The azo dye-decolorizing bacterial strain degraded Congo red into its intermediates and then further degraded phenyl compounds. Interestingly, the azo dye-decolorizing bacterial strain produced a significant amount of protein (20–60 mg L−1), which correlated with the dye-decolorization rate. We further identified cell density as the main factor affecting stabilization of the dye-decolorization reaction. In summary, human hands are a readily accessible source from which to collect dye-decolorizing bacteria that can be used to treat textile wastewater and to remediate environmental pollution sites. Keywords: Human skin bacteria, Human hands, Decolorization, Azo dye, Anthraquinone dye, Textile wastewater

Azo dyes represent the most important class of textile dyes and pose a serious environmental issue when released in wastewater. White rot fungi decolorize azo dyes efficiently; however, so...

The removal of Acid Blue 62 (AB62) dye which is known as a pollutant agent and contains in wastewater of textile industry has been studied in this work by using five various cerium compounds as the oxidizing agents. The parameters involved in the oxidation reaction such as pH, initial dye concentration and the oxidizing agent dosage have been investigated using both batch and semi-batch reactors at ambient temperature. The results indicated that the rate of oxidation for various cerium reagents is in the following order: CeF

The quality of environment especially the water bodies need to be improved on the pollution load of the household wastewater, which in general still does not have a liquid waste treatment plant. Electrocoagulation used in this research because of the simple and efficient method. The aim of study to know the ability of electrocoagulation method for reducing the concentration of COD and TSS in the wastewater from household textile industry. The sample was taken from the residual wastewater of textile dye (sarung) with a liquid waste requirement of 36 liters. The data for the analysis is the initial and final parameters data were COD and TSS. The electrodes were used aluminum (Al) as an anode and iron (Fe) as a cathode. The research variations were used the number of electrodes and the voltage. The results showed that the treatment of 4 electrodes with 12volt voltage could reduce the COD concentration up to 76% and TSS up to 85% in household wastewater of household textile industry. Keywords: COD, electrocoagulation, liquid waste, TSS