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Although submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) are widely used in treating municipal wastewater and recovery of potential resources, membrane operational parameters and membrane fouling control remain debated issues. In this study, the treatment of municipal wastewater by MBR at high-biomass sludge (MLSS (g/L) ranging from 5.4 g/L to 16.1 g/L) was assessed at an organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 0.86 to 3.7 kg COD/m3d. The correlation between trans-membrane pressure and total fouling resistance was thoroughly investigated in this study. According to the findings, greater OLRs of 0.86 to 3.7 kg COD/m3d caused a decrease in COD, BOD, and NH4–N removal efficiency, and higher OLRs of 3.7 kg COD/m3d resulted in a higher increase in total fouling resistance (Rt). The economic study of using the MBR system proved that for a designed flow rate of 20 m3/d, the payback period from using the treated wastewater will be 7.98 years, which confirms the economic benefits of using this MBR for treating municipal wastewater. In general, understanding the challenges facing the efficiency of MBR would improve its performance and, consequently, the sustainability of wastewater reclamation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, flat sheet submerged MBR (FS‐SMBR) was investigated under 6 and 4 h hydraulic retention times (HRT) and 40 days solid retention time with real municipal wastewater. The implementation of the treatment system was evaluated in terms of physico‐chemical and microbial analysis as well as sludge characterization. The permeate of FS‐SMBR complied with the standards for reuse and non‐detectable levels of faecal coliform was achieved at 6 and 4 h HRTs, with pore‐blocking resistances (Rt) of 28 × 1011 and 40 × 1011/m, respectively. Examining another dominant factor, that is, sludge viscosity, the best results were acquired using HRT 4 h for domestic wastewater. Furthermore, the results obtained were validated and calibrated using the GPS‐X software simulator, and the results of modelled data were completely matched with the experimental data under the same conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]