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The current study was conducted to determine the tolerance limits of Indian major carps viz. Catla catla, Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita against pesticides mixture (Bifenthrin + Chlorpyrifos + Endosulfan) and to see it effect on antioxidant enzyme like superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver of these species. The 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration of pesticides mixture (BIF+CPF+END) for C. catla, C. mrigala and L. rohita was determined in the static bioassay methods as 1.09, 1.81 1.63 and 1.90, 2.78, 2.30 µgL-1, respectively.C. catla exhibited higher sensitivity toward tertiary pesticides mixture followed by L. rohita and C. mrigala. The activity of SOD in the liver of all three fish species exposed to pesticides mixture was significantly (p<0.05) higher as compare to control fish. The SOD activity showed time dependent increasing trend in the liver of all three fish species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water contamination is a severe environmental issue and has worse effects on fish health. Antioxidant system is present in all living organisms that maintain redox homeostasis by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase (CAT) is the part of antioxidant system that protect an organism from oxidative stress by detoxifying H2O2 into H2O and O2 molecule. Majority of enzymes are intermingled with other biomolecules when extracted and needed to purify so that biochemical properties can be described clearly. The first purpose of the present research work was to investigate whether tilapia produce more CAT in the chronic metal mixture stressed condition or not. While, the second purpose of the present research work was to purify and partially characterize the liver CAT from control and Pb+Cd metal mixture stressed Oreochromis niloticus. The inferences of present study showed higher liver CAT activity in control O. niloticus as compared to binary metal mixture treated O. niloticus. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed when compared liver CAT activity among control and stressed fish. Specific activity of purified liver CAT was observed 1027.52 and 946.93 Umg-1 for control and metal stressed fish, respectively. The fold purification of control and metal treated fish liver CAT was recorded 15.27 and 15.44, respectively. Optimum pH and temperature of liver CAT purified from both control and metal stressed fish was found 7 and 25°C. Km value for control and metal stressed O. niloticus liver was measured 6.82 and 1.71mM H2O2mL-1, respectively. On the basis of present study inferences, it is concluded that chronic Pb+Cd metal mixture stress condition did not improve the yield of liver CAT but inhibited in O. niloticus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution has been a prime concern for scientists for decades. Different treatment methods have been suggested by different researchers, with photocatalysis emerging as an efficient method for treating industrial textile wastewater. This study is designed to synthesize a nano-photocatalyst for the degradation of two synthetic dyes. The Al2O3.Fe2O3 nano-photocatalyst was synthesized by a novel technique: ultrasonic-assisted mechanical stirring and synthesized photocatalyst characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis, dynamic light scattering, and BET surface area analysis. The Al2O3.Fe2O3 nano-photocatalyst was tested for its potential to degrade methyl orange and methylene blue dyes. Important influencing parameters (pH, catalyst dose, initial dye concentration, and reaction time) have been optimized during the dye degradation process. The highest degradation for methyl orange (39%) and methylene blue (45%) was achieved by using 60 mg/100 mL catalyst dose and 120 minutes of reaction time at room temperature. The study results indicated that Al2O3.Fe2O3 nano-photocatalyst has good potential for the removal of dyes from industrial effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]