40 results on '"poluição"'
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2. SITUAÇÃO DO RIO CAPIBARIBE ENTRE AS BARRAGENS DE JUCAZINHO E CARPINA SEGUNDO A PERCEPÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO RIBEIRINHA.
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Fialho de Oliveira, Othon, Gico Lima Montenegro, Suzana Maria, and Toledo Salgado, Sérgio Ricardo
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WATER management ,DAM safety ,RIVER pollution ,WATER quality ,WATER supply - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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3. Saúde e meio ambiente: análise da percepção da qualidade ambiental da população de Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte.
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Nogueira Medeiros, Amanda and Alejandro Navoni, Julio
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HEALTH behavior , *ENVIRONMENTAL quality , *GEOGRAPHICAL perception , *WATER quality , *CITY dwellers , *HABIT - Abstract
Considering the importance of knowledge of the population's perception as the first line of understanding of environmental quality, this study aimed to investigate the environmental perception of residents of the city of Caicó, RN, in addition to the health characteristics of the population and their socioeconomic context as descriptors of environmental quality. Thus, the analysis was carried out through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, covering characteristics related to the conceptions and conditions related to the environmental scenario of human development, social habits along with health characteristics. A total of 140 interviews were conducted in 7 neighborhoods in the city describing the reality of approximately 600 residents. Significant differences in socioeconomic conditions were found in the profile of responses obtained. One of the most salient aspects was the polarization of environmental sanitation, compromising the quality of water resources and describing this as one of the most relevant factors that can affect the population's health. The level of environmental satisfaction was differentiated according to the origin (neighborhood or socioeconomic status classification) of the interviewees (p<0.01). However, the level of environmental perception was closely related to the degree of interaction between the population and the environment as one of the causes that influenced the approach and resolution of environmental concerns (p<0.01). In this way, this study described the interaction of society with the environmental context of local development and its role as a subsidy for the implementation of public policies aimed at preserving environmental quality and minimizing health impacts. The implementation and strengthening of environmental education activities would contribute to the population's awareness and sensitization in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Chemical elements in sediments and in bivalve mollusks from estuarine regions in the south of Bahia State, northeast Brazil.
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Santos, G. B. M. and Boehs, G.
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INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ,MOLLUSKS ,WATER quality ,SEDIMENTS ,COPPER ,TRACE metals ,CHEMICAL elements - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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5. Rainwater harvesting roofs: insights of water quality and potential usage in rural areas.
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de Paiva Sampaio, Carlos Augusto, Terezo, Rodrigo Figueiredo, Ide, Gilberto Massashi, Spanholi, Carolina Antoniazzi, Martins Matos, Felipe, and Burgardt, Tiago
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RAINWATER , *WATER harvesting , *WATER quality , *RURAL geography , *FIBER cement , *ORNAMENTAL trees , *ORNAMENTAL plants - Abstract
Rainwater can be harvested from different roofs of rural buildings, which can be stored for multipurpose depending on its quality. This technical note describes rainwater quality collected directly from the atmosphere and after passing through four types of roofs that are: French ceramic (roof1/Agronomy school building), fiber cement (roof2/farm machinery shed), or French ceramic (roof3/sheep housing), and French ceramic (roof4-swine housing) located inside Agroveterinary School Campus (CAV/UDESC) in Lages, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The parameters analyzed were pH, color, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total coliforms, and thermotolerant coliforms. Results showed that pH "in natura" rainwater was variable and below 7.0 with an average of 6.02. However, after passing through the roof, there was an increase in the pH (average) to 6.34 (roof1), 6.90 (roof2), 7.14 (roof3) and 6.50 (roof4). The rainwater also presented variations in the parameters of turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and coliforms after passing through roofs. Thus, the rainwater can potentially be used for non-potable purposes, being then advised of their use without treatment for cleaning of nearby environments of these rural buildings, as well as the irrigation of trees and ornamental plants, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Pollution by total suspended solids and its relationship with the liquid-solid flow of the lower basin of Usumacinta River in Tabasco, Mexico.
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Castillo-Ferat, Marybel Anahí, Galaviz-Villa, Itzel, Cazarín-Luna, Erika Michell, Salcedo-Garduño, Magnolia Gricel, and Alcántara-Méndez, Virginia
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TOTAL suspended solids , *SUSPENDED solids , *WATERSHEDS , *TURBIDITY , *WATER quality , *POLLUTION - Abstract
Rivers are natural environments that collect water from basins and transport it in laminar flow to the sea. Gradual changes occur due to the erosion of the walls and the bottom of rivers and the deposition of solids that the current carries. In the Usumacinta River basin, there is a sinusoidal correlation between liquid and solid flow. The term solid flow refers to the amount of sediment in motion, gaining its name from the product between liquid flow and the concentration of suspended solids. 21 simple samples of surface water were taken from June to December 2017, in the municipalities of Tenosique, Emiliano Zapata and Jonuta, in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. The concentrations of total suspended solids exceed the maximum permissible limits of the NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996 (Mexico), for urban public use. Moreover, according to CE-CCA-001/89 (Ecological Water Quality Criteria in Mexico), the surface water of the lower basin of the Usumacinta River is classified as polluted. • This work brings results of the concentrations of total suspended solids of the surface water of the Usumacinta River. • The correlation between liquid flow and suspended solids and its effect on surface water quality was determined. • The relationship between the concentrations of total suspended solids and the climatic season is discussed. • The effects of high concentrations of total suspended solids on aquatic life and human health are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Assessment of surface water quality using the water quality index (WQI) in a river located in northern Minas Gerais (Brazil) / Avaliação da qualidade de água superficial usando o índice de qualidade da água (IQA) em um rio localizado no norte de Minas Gerais (Brasil)
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Lucas Victor Pereira de Freitas, Lucas David Rodrigues dos Santos, Bruna Emanuely Pereira Freitas, and Mônica Durães Braga
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water quality ,effluent ,pollution ,environmental impact ,qualidade da água ,efluente ,poluição ,impacto ambiental ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Water is an indispensable natural resource for the survival of living beings, as well as for performing anthropic activities. However, in urban areas, watercourses are directly affected by impacting activities, making these resources increasingly scarce and degraded. The objective of this work is to analyze the water quality index (WQI) of the Cintra River, located in the city of Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, and indicate the current state of conservation of the watercourse. Water samples were collected and physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes were performed in four distinct points of the Cintra River. The WQI analyzed indicated that the watercourse has a good degree of preservation only in the nascent area. In the other points analyzed, the WQI indicated a reasonable or poor state of preservation. The discharge of effluents and the irregular disposal of solid wastes are the most significant impacts on the degradation of the Cintra River. Uncontrolled urbanization, as well as the removal of vegetation present on the banks of the Cintra River, are other factors that contribute to its degradation. The current state of conservation of this river may represent serious public health problems, since waterborne diseases may affect the population.Water is an indispensable natural resource for the survival of living beings, as well as for performing anthropic activities. However, in urban areas, watercourses are directly affected by impacting activities, making these resources increasingly scarce and degraded. The objective of this work is to analyze the water quality index (WQI) of the Cintra River, located in the city of Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, and indicate the current state of conservation of the watercourse. Water samples were collected and physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes were performed in four distinct points of the Cintra River. The WQI analyzed indicated that the watercourse has a good degree of preservation only in the nascent area. In the other points analyzed, the WQI indicated a reasonable or poor state of preservation. The discharge of effluents and the irregular disposal of solid wastes are the most significant impacts on the degradation of the Cintra River. Uncontrolled urbanization, as well as the removal of vegetation present on the banks of the Cintra River, are other factors that contribute to its degradation. The current state of conservation of this river may represent serious public health problems, since waterborne diseases may affect the population.
- Published
- 2020
8. Physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of water from shallow wells in Imperatriz (MA), Brazil.
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Nascimento Santana, Anderson Gomes, Kawagoe Suda, Cecilia Nahomi, Santana Nascimento, Jairo Rodrigues, and Sree Vani, Gannabathula
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WATER analysis ,DRINKING water standards ,WATER depth ,SANITATION ,WATER pollution ,GROUNDWATER quality - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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9. Seasonal performance of aquatic macrophytes in improving physicochemical parameters of swine wastewater.
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Pinaffi, C. D., Scandelai, A. P. J., and Santos, C. H.
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WATER hyacinth ,SWINE ,WATER quality ,SEWAGE ,ELECTRIC conductivity ,MACROPHYTES ,POTAMOGETON - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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10. AN ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN PRIVATE HOSTELS AROUND UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, BENIN CITY, EDO STATE, NIGERIA.
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Iabanga, Obot Akpan, Egharevba, Jolly, and Ubrei-Joe, Maimoni Mariere
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DRINKING water quality , *SANITATION , *WATER pollution , *TOTAL suspended solids , *WATER quality , *DRINKING water - Abstract
Livability and comfortability in private hostels in Nigeria to a large extent depend on the quantity and pollution-free water for students' utilization. A shortfall in quantity and quality of water in the university community and surrounding hostels normally exposes students to various degrees of water stress and other vulnerabilities with serious implications on personal sanitation and hygiene. This paper evaluates drinking water pollution in three private hostels around the University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Field-based and laboratory analysis was deployed to investigatethe concentration of 18 water pollutants namely: carbon dioxide, chloride, alkaline, conductivity, pH, hardness, total dissolvedsolids, total suspended solids, total solids, manganese, calcium, zinc, copper, potassium, cadmium, iron, total aerobic count and coliform. Unacceptable levels of water pollution and quality indicators particularly in copper, cadmium, iron, and coliform were found across the sampled private hostels while other parameters met theWorld Health Organization limit making the water relatively suitable for consumption. Besides, there was no spatial variation of water pollution indicators across the sampled private hostels. The need to sustain the concentration of these indicators cannot be over-emphasized to avert water-related diseases that are harmful to the health of man. The paper recommends that students residing at private hostels should cultivate the habitsof treating water before consumption using the commonest methods of boiling and filtration to guarantee their health security and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
11. Agua no potable para consumo en la Horticultura de La Plata (Buenos Aires). Causas, consecuencias y alternativas.
- Author
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Garcia, Matias, Rozadilla, Gastón, and Cano, Leonardo
- Abstract
Copyright of Ciencia, Docencia y Technologia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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12. Evaluation of the water quality. Impacts on groups and social actors in the Huacapa riverbed
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Alarcón Alarcón, Maricarmen, Bustamante Gutiérrez, Irene, and Guerra Garza, Abdel Jaime
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río Huacapa ,calidad del agua ,contaminación ,aguas residuales ,Rio Huacapa ,qualidade da água ,poluição ,águas residuais ,Huacapa river ,water quality ,contamination ,wastewater - Abstract
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the quality of the surface water of the Huacapa river in the population of Chichihualco, state of Guerrero, to analyze the risk of contamination that the abundant population runs to the riverbed. Through a site analysis, the points with the highest water contamination were observed, information on the infrastructure and the urban layout were investigated through the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI, 2020) whit which a cartography was prepared using the ArcGIS program, in which the hydrographic network and the urban layout were represented, as well as the sanitation network and its different construction phases Subsequently, a sample of surface waters was carried out and the results of analytical data were treated with the simplified index of water quality (ISQA) due to the simplicity and security of the results obtained with this method. These results were also represented cartographically (ArcGIS), obtaining the water quality along the channel, as well as the most vulnerable points and the areas most contaminated by waster and solid waste in the study area. With this, it is possible to determine the areas of greatest risk due to water discharges (fecal and solid waste in the lower bed of the channel), located on the periphery of the population and growth areas. Based on the data that are analyzed in the investigation, the degree or water that presents the causes, obtaining the groups and social actors most affected by the contamination and the degree of vulnerability that it presents due to the risk of contamination for a possible urban restructuring., El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la calidad del agua superficial del río Huacapa en la población de Chichihualco estado de Guerrero, para analizar el riesgo de contaminación que corre la población adyacente al cauce del río. Mediante un análisis de sitio, se observaron los puntos con mayor contaminación del agua, se investigó información de la infraestructura y la traza urbana por medio del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI, 2020 ) con ello se elaboró una cartografía mediante el programa ArcGis, en la que se representó la red hidrográfica y la traza urbana, así como la red de saneamiento y sus distintas fases de construcción. Posteriormente se realizó un muestro de aguas superficiales y los resultados de los datos analíticos se trataron con el índice simplificado de calidad del agua (ISQA), debido a la simplicidad y seguridad en los resultados obtenidos con este método. Dichos resultados se representaron también cartográficamente (ArcGIS), obteniéndose la calidad del agua a lo largo del cauce, así como los puntos más vulnerables y las zonas mayormente contaminadas por aguas residuales y residuos sólidos en el área de estudio. Con esto se pudieron determinar las áreas de mayor riesgo por vertidos de aguas (fecales y residuos sólidos en el lecho inferior del cauce), ubicadas en la periferia de la población y zonas de crecimiento. Con base a los datos que se analizan en la investigación, se determina el grado de contaminación del agua, así como la calidad del agua que presenta los causes, obteniendo los grupos y actores sociales mayormente afectados por la contaminación y el grado de vulnerabilidad que presenta por el riesgo de contaminación, para una posible restructuración urbanística., O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da água superficial do rio Huacapa na cidade de Chichihualco, no estado de Guerrero, a fim de analisar o risco de contaminação da população adjacente ao leito do rio. Por meio de uma análise do local, foram observados os pontos com maior poluição da água, foram pesquisadas informações sobre a infraestrutura e o traçado urbano por meio do Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Geografia (INEGI, 2020), com o qual foi elaborada uma cartografia utilizando o programa ArcGis, na qual foram representados a rede hidrográfica e o traçado urbano, bem como a rede de saneamento e suas diferentes fases de construção. Posteriormente, foi realizada a amostragem das águas superficiais e os resultados dos dados analíticos foram tratados com o índice simplificado de qualidade da água (ISQA), devido à simplicidade e à segurança dos resultados obtidos com esse método. Esses resultados também foram representados cartograficamente (ArcGIS), obtendo-se a qualidade da água ao longo do curso d'água, bem como os pontos mais vulneráveis e as áreas mais poluídas por águas residuais e resíduos sólidos na área de estudo. Isso possibilitou determinar as áreas de maior risco de descargas de água (resíduos fecais e sólidos no leito inferior do rio), localizadas na periferia da cidade e em áreas de crescimento. Com base nos dados analisados na pesquisa, é determinado o grau de poluição da água, bem como a qualidade da água nos cursos d'água, obtendo-se os grupos e atores sociais mais afetados pela poluição e o grau de vulnerabilidade apresentado pelo risco de poluição, para uma possível reestruturação urbana.
- Published
- 2023
13. AVALIAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE ESTADO TRÓFICO DO PARQUE AQUÍCOLA SUCUPIRA, RESERVATÓRIO DO LAJEADO, PALMAS (TO).
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Rosanova, Clauber, Sousa Pinho, Emílio, Tomio Honda, Rubens, Tavares Matos, Flavia, Alves Farias, Vailton, and Akama, Alberto
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TROPHIC state index , *FISH farming , *FISHING nets , *AQUACULTURE , *WATER quality , *PHOSPHORUS analysis - Abstract
Aquaculture is a growing activity within the food producing segments, however, it may affect the environment. Current analysis studied the trophic state of the Sucupira Aquaculture Park, an area for fish cultivation in net cages locateds in Lajeado Reservoir - Palmas (TO) - Brazil, applying the Trophic State Index (TSI)). Monitoring was undertaken between January and April of 2017 and comprised sampling for the analysis of total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. Water quality data as temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH and dissolved total solids were obtained in loco. Considering the TSI resultsbetween January and April, the area was predominantly supereutrophic. It can be observed that the lake's trophic statewithin t aquaculture area is highly influenced by the rainy period. Since studies were not undertaken during the dry period, the differences between rain effects and fish farming activities were not possible to be detected. Further studies are required to understand the effects of aquaculture activities in the environment in a short and medium term by limnological monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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14. Phytoplankton, Trophic State and Ecological Potential in reservoirs in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Costa Rodrigues, Eduardo Henrique, Martins Vicentin, Aline, dos Santos Machado, Leila, Martins Pompêo, Marcelo Luiz, and Moschini Carlos, Viviane
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TROPHIC state index ,RESERVOIRS ,BODIES of water ,PHYTOPLANKTON ,FOOD chains ,ELECTRIC conductivity ,MICROCYSTIS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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15. The historical influence of tributaries on the water and sediment of Jacuí's Delta, Southern Brazil.
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de Andrade, Leonardo Capeleto, da Rocha Andrade, Rodrigo, and de Oliveira Camargo, Flávio Anastácio
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WATER quality ,SEDIMENTS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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16. Proposta metodológica para análise da influência do planejamento urbano na qualidade da água superficial
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Alves, Miler Pereira, Campos, Vânia Palmeira, Nascimento, Francisco Ramon Alves do, Scaloppe, Luiz Alberto Esteves, and Moreira, Ícaro Thiago Andrade
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Recursos Hídricos ,Instrumentos da Política de Recursos Hídricos ,Water Quality ,Water Resources ,Poluição ,Qualidade da Água ,Pollution ,Planejamento Urbano ,Urban Planning - Abstract
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No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC - Miler Pereira Alves.pdf: 4518460 bytes, checksum: 5945e21cb60c160b1629c6bf533d70ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-11-10 CAPES Os instrumentos de planejamento urbano e a identificação das fontes pontuais de poluição são elementos que devem integrar o diagnóstico do enquadramento, conforme art. 4o da Resolução no 91 do CNRH. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo elaborar uma proposta metodológica para analisar as interferências do planejamento urbano no aspecto qualitativo dos corpos hídricos. Este foi o produto A, uma proposta metodológica, gerada por este trabalho a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, e baseado no caso de estudo a Bacia do Rio Corrente. Dessa forma, foram desenvolvidas as seguintes etapas: análise cartográfica, com auxílio do Geobahia e o OBahia; análise documental, acerca dos instrumentos da política urbana dos municípios de São Félix do Coribe e Santa Maria da Vitória; trabalho de campo, para identificação das fontes de poluição urbanas pontuais e das principais atividades exercidas no trecho estudado do Rio Corrente; análise de qualidade da água, a partir de dados oriundos do programa Monitora e de relatórios técnicos já desenvolvidos. A escolha da área para aplicação metodológica justifica-se pelo fato de que o Rio Corrrente, que é fonte de água para abastecimento humano e movimenta várias atividades econômicas no seu entorno, vem sofrendo um processo intenso de degradação nos últimos anos, o qual se não for devidamente mitigado, poderá comprometer alguns dos seus usos. Isso justificou os resultados da aplicação da metodologia proposta, tendo sido observado a ausência de instrumentos de disciplina do parcelamento, do uso e ocupação do solo e a presença de diferentes fontes pontuais de poluição. Entretanto, durante o período de análise (2016 - 2021), o trecho do corpo hídrico em estudo foi classificado, na maior parte do tempo, como oligotrófico, e a qualidade da água, segundo o IQA, considerada boa. Apesar disso, observando-se os parâmetros individuais de qualidade da água, constatou-se a violação do fósforo em uma das campanhas de coleta e do pH e turbidez em três das dezenove campanhas observadas. Ademais, um problema recente de mortandade de peixes no rio e sua possível causa, foram discutidos, com base na contaminação da água por substâncias tóxicas. Por fim, como sugere a metodologia proposta, foram listados os problemas observados e as possíveis formas de intervenção aplicáveis aos gestores locais e aos de recursos hídricos, visando a minimização dos impactos ambientais negativos. Adicionalmente, visando à necessidade de disseminação do conhecimento de metodologias integradas para o enfrentamento das questões relacionadas à qualidade dos recursos hídricos, foi elaborado um plano de curso (produto B) tendo como foco a integração entre a gestão de uso do solo e a de recursos hídricos e os impactos sobre a qualidade das águas, além de contribuir para divulgação do conhecimento prático acerca da aplicabilidade de metodologia integrada entre o planejamento urbano e a gestão hídrica. O estudo onde a metodologia desenvolvida foi aplicada mostrou que, naquele caso, urge a aplicação das medidas de intervenção propostas, por diferentes representações institucionais, as quais contemplam essencialmente a eliminação das fontes de poluição, a fiscalização e monitoramento ambiental, a elaboração dos instrumentos da política urbana não existentes, o monitoramento da qualidade da água e a implementação de ações relacionadas ao saneamento básico, visando a melhoria da qualidade da água superficial. The urban planning instruments and the identification of point sources of pollution are elements that must integrate the diagnosis of the framework, according to art. 4 of Resolution No. 91 of the CNRH. The present work aims at elaborating a methodological proposal to analyze the interferences of urban planning in the qualitative aspect of water bodies. This was the product A, a methodological proposal, generated by this work from bibliographic research, and based on the case study of the Corrente River Basin. In this way, the following steps were developed: cartographic analysis, with the help of Geobahia and OBahia; documental analysis, about the urban policy instruments of the cities of São Félix do Coribe and Santa Maria da Vitória; field work, for the identification of the sources of punctual urban pollution and the main activities exercised in the studied stretch of the Corrente River; water quality analysis, from data coming from the Monitora program and from already developed technical reports. The choice of the area for the methodological application is justified by the fact that the Corrrente River, which is a source of water for human supply and moves several economic activities in its surroundings, has been suffering an intense process of degradation in recent years, which if not properly mitigated, could compromise some of its uses. This justified the results of the application of the proposed methodology, having been observed the absence of instruments to discipline the parcelling, use and occupation of the soil and the presence of different point sources of pollution. However, during the period of analysis (2016 - 2021), the stretch of the water body under study was classified, most of the time, as oligotrophic, and the water quality, according to the IQA, considered good. Nevertheless, observing the individual water quality parameters, a violation of phosphorus was observed in one of the collection campaigns, and of pH and turbidity in three of the nineteen campaigns observed. Furthermore, a recent problem of fish mortality in the river and its possible cause was discussed, based on the contamination of the water by toxic substances. Finally, as suggested by the proposed methodology, the problems observed and the intervention proposals applicable to local and water resource managers were listed, aiming at minimizing the negative environmental impacts. Additionally, in view of the need to disseminate knowledge of integrated methodologies to address issues related to the quality of hydric resources, a course plan (product B) was elaborated focusing on the integration between land use and hydric resources management and the impacts on water quality, besides contributing to disseminate practical knowledge about the applicability of integrated methodology between urban planning and hydric management. The study where the developed methodology was applied showed that, in that case, it is urgent to apply the proposed intervention measures, by different institutional representations, which essentially contemplate the elimination of pollution sources, environmental inspection and monitoring, the elaboration of non- existent urban policy instruments, the monitoring of water quality and the implementation of actions related to basic sanitation, aiming at improving the quality of surface water.
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- 2021
17. Avaliação do risco de poluição por carga difusa na Bacia Ribeirão dos Marins- Monjolinho, Piracicaba, SP
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Kletecke, Rojane Magda, Teixeira Filho, José, 1955, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Escoamento ,Water quality ,Erosion ,Erosão ,Non point source ,Poluição ,Piracicaba, Rio, Bacia (MG e SP) ,Pollution ,Água - Qualidade ,Soil loss - Abstract
Orientador: Jose Teixeira Filho Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola Resumo: A atividade agrícola é desejada pela sociedade. No entanto, gera como sub-produto, a erosão acelerada do solo, tomando-se uma fonte de poluição dos corpos d'água via sedimentos e elementos químicos arrastados. Esses processos erosivos comprometem os recursos hídricos a partir da geração de cargas difusas, afetando diretamente a qualidade da água. O uso de modelos empíricos para avaliação de perdas de solo pode dar indicações do potencial de degradação da qualidade da água de bacias hidrográficas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi a avaliação das Áreas de Alto Risco Potencial para Formação de Cargas Difusas (Método I) e a determinação das Áreas Susceptíveis à Perda de Solo (Método 11). Para determinação dos métodos foram utilizados dados de: solo, relevo, potencial natural de erosão (PNE), aptidão agrícola das terras, caracterização do manejo e da tolerância de perdas de solo. O Método I teve como base: Potencial Natural de Erosão (PNE); Aptidão Agrícola das Terras; e Plano de Avaliação dos Procedimentos Agrícolas. A partir dessas três cartas foi gerada a carta das Áreas de Alto Risco Potencial para Formação de Cargas Difusas na Bacia do Ribeirão dos Marins - Monjolinho. O Método 11 levou em consideração a Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (EUPS). Aonde foram analisados três cenários: Cenário 1 - considerando as práticas conservacionistas atuais da área; Cenário 2 - considerando que a área não possuía nenhuma prática conservacionista, plantio morro abaixo; e o Cenário 3 - com prática conservacionista em área total, cordões de vegetação permanente. Neste método as taxas de perdas de solo foram analisadas em tfhalano e em mm/célulalano. Posteriormente foram analisadas as áreas susceptíveis à perda de solo, por meio da metodologia de tolerância de perda de solo. Os resultados mostraram que a cultura da cana-de-açúcar foi predominante na área em estudo (42,2%), seguida pela pastagem (37,8%). O potencial moderado a forte do PNE se restringiu a 0,9% da área e o potencial forte foi nulo; a adequação do uso do solo foi considerada como sobre-utilizada em 6,4% da área. A perda média de solo, pela EUPS, foi em tomo de 1 tfhalano em 61,1 % da área da bacia. No Método I, as áreas de alto risco potencial para formação de cargas difusas representaram 7,5% da área total e no Método 11 as áreas críticas susceptíveis à erosão representaram 11,3 % da área total. No cruzamento dos dois métodos, ambos, combinaram em 84,6%. Sendo que 80% da área foi classificada como áreas não críticas ou sem potencial de formação de cargas difusas e 4,6% como áreas críticas ou com alto risco potencial de formação cargas difusas. Os métodos proporcionaram indicações fundamentais para avaliação do estado potencial de formação de cargas difusas, altamente impactantes na qualidade das águas das bacias hidrográficas Abstract: The agricultural activity is aspirated by the society. However, it generates as by-product the sped up erosion of the soi!, becoming a source of pollution for water bodies by dragged sediments and chemical elements. These erosive processes compromise the water resources through diffuse load generation, direct1y affecting the water quality. The use of empirical models to evaluate soi! losses can give indications of the potential degradation of the water quality. The goal of this work was to evaluate Areas of High Potential Risk of Non Point Source Pollution Formation (Method I) and to determine Areas of Soil Loss Susceptibility (Method 11). The methods were determined using data related to: soi!, relief, natural potential of erosion, agricultural aptitude of lands, characterization of management practices and soil loss tolerance. To complete Method I, the following information was used: Natural Potential of Erosion (PNE); Agricultural Aptitude of Lands; and Assessment Plan of Agricultural Procedures. These three maps generated the map of Areas of High Potential Risk for Diffuse Load Formation in the Ribeirão dos Marins watershed - Monjolinho. To complete Method 11, the Universal Soi! Loss Equation (USLE) was applied. In this case three situations were analyzed: 1 - Considering the current best management practices used of the area; 2 - Not considering the current best management practices used in the area; 3 - Considering the application of best management practices in the whole area. In this method the rates of soil losses had been analyzed in t/ha/year and mm/cells/year. Later the areas susceptible to soi! losses were analyzed by means of a soi! loss tolerance methodology. Results showed that sugarcane is the predominant culture in the study area (42,2%), followed by pasture (37,8%). The moderate to strong potential PNE was restricted to 0.9% of the area and the strong potential was null; the adequacy of land use was considered as over-used in 6,4% of the area. The average soi! loss, according to USLE, was around 1 t/ha/year in 61,1 % of the basin. In Method I, the areas of high potential risk of non point source pollution formation equal 7.5% of the total and in Method 11 the critical areas, susceptible to erosion equal 11,3 % of the total. In the crossing of the two methods, there was agreement in 84,6% of the total area; 80% were classified as non-critical areas (without potential for diffuse load formation) and 4.6% were classified as critical areas (with high potential risk of diffuse load formation). The methods had provided substantial indications for assessment of the potential of formation of non point source pollution, which causes detriment ofthe water quality in watersheds Mestrado Água e Solo Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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- 2021
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18. Seasonal performance of aquatic macrophytes in improving physicochemical parameters of swine wastewater
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Carlos Henrique dos Santos, A. P. J. Scandelai, and C. D. Pinaffi
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Eichhornia crassipes ,Eichhornia ,Swine ,QH301-705.5 ,Science ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Wastewater ,Animal science ,Pistia stratiotes L ,Pistia ,Animals ,pollution ,Salvinia auriculata Aubl ,Salvinia auriculata ,Ammoniacal nitrogen ,Biology (General) ,biology ,parâmetros físico-químicos ,Phosphorus ,physicochemical parameters ,Botany ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,poluição ,020801 environmental engineering ,Macrophyte ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,chemistry ,QL1-991 ,QK1-989 ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Water quality ,Seasons ,Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Zoology ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Swine wastewaters (SW) present organic load and nutrient content, what have caused degradation of water quality in many watercourses. Thus, the aquatic macrophytes represent an alternative for the depollution of these wastewaters, due to the high recovery power. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Pistia stratiotes L. and Salvinia auriculata Aubl. in improving the physicochemical targets of SW, as well as to quantify the total ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+) and total phosphorus (total P) in the plant tissue of the macrophytes and the dry matter biomass (DMB) in two seasons of the year (spring and winter). The experiment was designed in a randomized block design, with 4 treatments (T) with 4 replicates: T1 = Control (without plants); T2 = E. crassipes; T3 = P. stratiotes; and T4 = S. auriculata, submitted to a SW diluted in 50% water. The monitoring is done in tanks during a period of 30 days of each season. Electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, NH4+ and dissolved phosphorus (P) were analyzed in the SW. In the plants, the contents of NH4+, total P and DMB were determined. It was verified that, in the spring, the plants showed higher production of DMB and a more significant reduction of EC, NH4+ and P, when compared to the plants managed in the SW in the winter. E. crassipes was more efficient at removing P (39%) and total NH4+ (80.2%), and EC reducing (92%) of SW and DMB production in the spring. The results demonstrated that the NH4+ uptake by E. crassipes contributed to a considerable removal of NH4+ and P from SW. Resumo Os efluentes da suinocultura apresentam elevado teor de carga orgânica e de nutrientes, o que dificulta o seu tratamento. Dessa forma, as macrófitas aquáticas representam uma alternativa para a despoluição desses efluentes, devido ao alto poder de absorção que essas plantas possuem. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho das plantas Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Pistia stratiotes L. e Salvinia auriculata Aubl. na melhoria das características físico-químicas de um efluente de suinocultura, bem como quantificar o teor dos elementos nitrogênio amoniacal total (NH4+) e fósforo total (P total) no tecido vegetal das macrófitas e a biomassa de matéria seca (BMS) produzida em duas estações do ano (primavera e inverno). O experimento compreendeu delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 4 tratamentos (T) com 4 repetições, sendo eles: T1 = Testemunha (sem plantas); T2 = E. crassipes; T3 = P. stratiotes; e T4 = S. auriculata, submetidos a efluente de suinocultura diluídos em 50% de água. O cultivo ocorreu em tanques instalados ao ar livre durante 30 dias de cada estação. Foram analisados, nos efluentes, os parâmetros de condutividade elétrica (CE), oxigênio dissolvido (OD), pH, turbidez, NH4+ e fósforo disponível (P). Nas plantas, foram determinados os teores de NH4+, P total e BMS. Foi verificado que, na primavera, as plantas apresentaram maior produção de BMS e redução mais expressiva de CE, NH4+ e P, quando comparadas às plantas manejadas no efluente suíno no inverno. A E. crassipes foi mais eficiente na remoção de P (39%) e NH4+ total (80,2%), e na redução da CE (92%) do efluente suíno e na produção de biomassa seca, na primavera.
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- 2019
19. Water quality monitoring of the Pirapó River watershed, Paraná, Brazil.
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Bortoletto, E. C., Silva, H. A., Bonifácio, C. M., and Tavares, C. R. G.
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WATER quality management ,WATER quality monitoring ,WATERSHEDS - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
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20. Análise das condições de potabilidade das águas de surgências em Ubá, MG.
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Rodrigues de Souza, José Antonio, Astoni Moreira, Débora, Moreira Condé, Naiara, Carvalho, Wanderbeth Belchiorde, and Vargas Miranda Carvalho, Christina
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
- Full Text
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21. Insetos aquáticos bioindicadores: influência da piscicultura sobre um córrego pampeano brasileiro.
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Alves Nunes, Paulo Roberto, Brum Doncato, Kennia, Perazzo, Giselle Xavier, and Teloken, Franko
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Anthropic activities can cause alterations in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, this work shows an assessment of water quality of a stream that receives fish farming effluents, using insects as bioindicators. Aquatic insects were sampled in summer and winter of 2012, in three sites (upstream -- P01; in the effluent discharge site -- P02; downstream -- P03) of Felizardo Stream, Uruguaiana, Brazil. Network lock, drift nets and dip nets were used for insect capture, and aquatic physical-chemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, electric conductivity, and pH) were analyzed. In the summer, differences about family richness, abundance and density of specimens were observed, with the P02 site values lower than P01 and P03, and higher degree of dominance than P01 and P03. The physical-chemical parameters were in accordance with allowed values, according with legislation. However the biotic indices suggest the occurrence of direct influence of fish farming effluents in insect fauna in P02. Therefore, there is evidence of moderate effects of water pollution, or some organic pollution, according with these biotic indices. With these results, the waters of Felizardo Stream remain in the class II, even suffering influence of fish farming effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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22. WHAT LIES BENEATH: AN ECO-HISTORICAL VIEW OF HIGH ANDES WATER POLLUTION.
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WILLIAMS, HEATHER
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URBANIZATION ,WATER pollution ,POLLUTION ,WATER quality ,WATER supply - Abstract
The article presents an eco-historical view of high andes water pollution. The author explores how the achievement of the autonomy of the villages and the activists self-governing of natural resources left the rural population more vulnerable to pollution. The pollution is caused by the extracting industry and increasing urbanization.
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- 2015
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23. Qualidade da água da rede hídrica do Lajeado São José utilizada para abastecimento urbano da cidade de Chapecó, SC
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Baldissera, Ivan Tadeu, Bampi, Daiana, Klock, Adriana L. Santana, and Bottin, Jovane
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pollution ,qualidade da água ,poluição ,water quality ,hydric monitoring ,monitoramento hídrico - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the São José stream which supplies the city of Chapecó, southern Brazil, considering some physical-chemical and microbiological indicators of water quality. The samples were collected monthly from June 2007 to March 2008 at four points of the stream. The sampling points in thewatershed were distributed as follows: point 1 – the highest watershed represents both the urban and the rural contribution; point 2 – the contribution of pig raising activity; point 3 – represents the urban contribution; and point 4 – located near the Casan reservoir, is the sum of all points upstream. The measured parameters were excremental matter, DO, turbidity, pH, total-P, nitrate, ammonia, BOD and metals Cu, Zn and Pb. The results demonstrated the occurrence of values, for some parameters, above the permitted by the Conama Resolution 357/2005 for water class 1, mainly at monitoring points 2 and 3. The implementation of the water quality index (IQA) allowed the classification of points 2 and 3 as of poor quality, and points 1 and 4 as of acceptable quality. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade das águas do Lajeado São José, que abastece a cidade de Chapecó, considerando variáveis físico-químicas e microbiológicas. As amostras foram coletadas mensalmente em quatro pontos da microbacia, no período de junho de 2007 a março de 2008. Os pontos de coleta ficaram assim distribuídos na microbacia: ponto 1 – localização mais elevada da microbacia e representa a contribuição urbana e rural; ponto 2 – contribuição da atividade suinícola; ponto 3 – representa contribuição urbana; e ponto 4 – localizado próximo ao reservatório de captação da Companhia Catarinense de Água e Saneamento (Casan), representa o somatório de todos os pontos a montante. Os parâmetros analisados foram: coliformes fecais, OD, turbidez, pH, P-total, nitrato, amônia, DBO e os metais cobre (Cu), zinco (Zn) e chumbo (Pb). Observou-se que os valores para alguns parâmetros estão acima do permitido pela Resolução 357/2005 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (Conama) para água de classe 1, principalmente nos pontos de monitoramento 2 e 3. A aplicação do índice de qualidade de água (IQA) permitiu o enquadramento desses pontos na classe ruim de qualidade da água e os pontos 1 e 4 na classe aceitável.
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- 2020
24. ATIVIDADES EXPERIMENTAIS E INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA PARA ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO: ESTUDO DA POLUIÇÃO DAS ÁGUAS.
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SANTANA, Bruna de Paula and BRITO, Núbia Natália
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WATER pollution , *WATER quality , *WATER consumption , *WATER conservation , *ENVIRONMENTAL chemistry , *HIGH school students - Abstract
The quality of the water is a term that doesn't only concern the determination of the purity of the same, but the characteristics also wished for your use. The teaching of Environmental Chemistry using the thematic water quality, linked to the experimental activities it can contribute to global formation of high school students giving them conditions for construction, reconstruction and production of knowledge. This way this work had as objective the construction of a mini-course for high school students, in order to these can relate the chemistry studied with some parameters related to the water quality through experimental activities. In the development of this mini-course a potability kit was used (Alfakit) for analysis of the following parameters: alkalinity, chloride, free chlorine, pH, total hardness, turbidity, color, total iron, consumed oxygen, ammonia, total coliforms, faecal coliforms and salmonella (salmonella typhi). The analyses were accomplished as standard methods for the water and wastewater. It was also made a plan and class procedure and a questionnaire given to the participant students. The results obtained starting from the determination of the parameters, already mentioned, they allowed to collaborate for the students to observe subjects related to the consumption, quality and preservation of the water. We believed that with the student participation activates in a situation of real investigation, proposal in the challenge form will be able instigate the students in the search of an answer more consolidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
25. Non-potable water for consumption in the Horticulture of La Plata (Buenos Aires): Causes, consequences and alternatives
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Matías García, Gastón Rozadilla, and Leonardo Andrés Cano
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050204 development studies ,calidad del agua ,Qualidade da água ,Critical Care Nursing ,lcsh:Technology ,Pediatrics ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https] ,Technological alternatives ,Agricultural science ,Contamination ,0502 economics and business ,Ciencias Naturales ,050207 economics ,lcsh:Science ,Alternativas tecnológicas ,alternativas tecnológicas ,Ciencias Exactas ,Calidad del agua ,lcsh:T ,Horticulturists ,Contaminación ,05 social sciences ,Poluição ,Water quality ,Geography ,lcsh:Q ,horticultores - Abstract
En la región periurbana de La Plata se destaca la producción de hortalizas frescas llevada a cabo por pequeños agricultores familiares. En el marco de las problemáticas de hábitat y salud, se observa una serie de sintomatologías que afectan tanto a los productores/trabajadores y sus familias –principalmente los chicos que allí habitan– como así también a los consumidores de los productos hortícolas. Estas sintomatologías tienen como origen principal la utilización de agua no potable. El trabajo se propone determinar el tipo y magnitud de la contaminación del agua, identificar los causales del mismo y evaluar alternativas que resuelvan el presente inconveniente. Los resultados indican que una problemática compleja como la planteada, requiere que las soluciones tecnológicas sean acompañadas de acciones políticas que modifiquen condiciones estructurales de la vida de los productores en el cinturón hortícola platense., The peri-urban region of La Plata stands out in the production by small family farmers of fresh vegetables. Within the framework of the problems of habitat and health, a series of symptomatologies are observed that affect both the producers / workers and their families –mainly the children who live there– as well as the consumers of the horticultural products. These symptomologies have as their main source the utilizationof non-potable water. The work aims to determine the type and magnitude of water pollution, identify the causes thereof and evaluate technological alternatives that solve the present problem. The results indicate that a complex problem, such as the one proposed, requires technological solutions to be accompanied by political actions that modify the structural conditions of the producers' lives in the La Plata horticultural belt., Na região periurbana de La Plata, destaca-se a produção de hortaliças frescas realizadas por pequenos agricultores familiares. Como parte das questões de hábitat e saúde, observa-se uma série de sintomas que afetam tanto os produtores/trabalhadores e suas famílias –principalmente as crianças que vivem lá– como os consumidores dos produtos hortícolas. Essas sintomatologias têm como principal origem o uso de água não potável. O trabalho visa determinar o tipo e magnitude da contaminação da água, identificar suas causas e avaliar alternativas que resolvam o problema atual. Os resultados indicam que um problema complexo como o apresentado, exige que as soluções tecnológicas sejam acompanhadas de ações políticas que modifiquem condições estruturais da vida dos produtores no cinturão hortícola de La Plata., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales
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- 2020
26. Analysis of potability conditions of upwelling water in Ubá, MG
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Souza, José Antonio Rodrigues de, Moreira, Débora Astoni, Condé, Naiara Moreira, Carvalho, Wanderbeth Belchior de, and Carvalho, Christina Vargas Miranda e
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recursos hídricos ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,pollution ,poluição ,qualidade da água ,water resources ,water quality ,lcsh:Environmental sciences - Abstract
No presente trabalho, objetivou-se estudar a interferência das atividades antrópicas nas condições de potabilidade das águas subterrâneas localizadas no perímetro urbano do município de Ubá, MG. Para isso, dez surgências tiveram suas características físicas (temperatura, turbidez e cor), químicas (pH, condutividade elétrica, cloreto, dureza e nitrato) e microbiológicas (coliformes totais e termotolerantes) monitoradas ao longo de um ano. Os parâmetros temperatura, pH e cor, cloreto e dureza de todas as surgências monitoradas foram consideradas normais em relação ao padrão de potabilidade. Já a análise de turbidez, condutividade elétrica, nitrato e coliformes totais e termotolerantes indicaram contaminação por atividades antropogênicas. De maneira geral, os resultados indicaram ocorrência de elevada degradação ambiental, onde apenas 30% das surgências monitoradas atenderam os padrões de potabilidade, sendo, portando, necessárias intervenções no sentido de garantir sua qualidade. In this work we investigated the interference of anthropic activities on the potability of groundwater in the urban area of the city of Ubá, MG. To accomplish this, the physical characteristics (temperature, turbidity and color), chemical (pH, conductivity, chloride, nitrate and hardness) and microbiological (total and thermotolerant coliforms) of ten upwelling waters were monitored throughout one year. The temperature, pH, color, chloride and hardness of all upwelling waters were considered normal compared to standards of potable water. However, the analyses of turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrate and total and thermotolerant coliforms indicate contamination by human activities. Overall, the results indicated the occurrence of high environmental degradation, where only 30% of monitored upwelling waters were in accordance with the quality standard, indicating the need for intervention to ensure water quality.
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- 2015
27. Physicochemical analysis of water, sediment and riparian vegetation of a fish farming located in an agroindustrial area at the border of Ribeirão da Mata (Minas Gerais, Brazil)
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Marília Martins Melo, Tarcisio Martins França e Silva, Benito Soto-Blanco, Thais de Ataide Costa, Isabela Fernanda Araújo Torres, L.S. Rodrigues, and I.J. Silva
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Biochemical oxygen demand ,Alkalinity ,trace elements ,chemistry.chemical_element ,environmental risk ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Impactos ambientais ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,0201 civil engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nitrate ,elementos traço ,meio ambiente ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,lcsh:TA170-171 ,Water pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Cadmium ,agrotóxicos ,risco ambiental ,Poluição ,pesticides ,Total dissolved solids ,lcsh:Environmental engineering ,Mercury (element) ,chemistry ,Agrotóxicos ,Engenharia Sanitária ,Environmental chemistry ,Water quality ,environment - Abstract
RESUMO Objetivou-se realizar uma avaliação físico-química de amostras de água, sedimento e mata ciliar em uma piscicultura localizada próxima às margens do Ribeirão da Mata, Minas Gerais. As coletas de água foram semanais em quatro pontos assim denominados: (1) nascente; (2) entrada do sistema; (3) efluente concentrado e (4) ponto de lançamento. Foram monitorados os seguintes parâmetros físico-químicos: temperatura (ºC), pH, oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo total, alcalinidade, sólidos dissolvidos totais, fosfato, nitrato, nitrito, sulfato, amônia e fenol das amostras de água. Foram pesquisados metais pesados (chumbo, cádmio, mercúrio e zinco) e agrotóxicos (organoclorados, organofosforados, clorofosforados, carbamatos, piretroides e rodenticidas anticoagulantes) nas amostras de água, sedimento e mata ciliar. Alcalinidade e sólidos totais apresentaram as maiores concentrações, provavelmente devido às características geológicas,por se tratar de região cárstica. Fenol, em todos os pontos, e fosfato, nos pontos 3 e 4, apresentaram valores acima dos limites permitidos para a classe II de água doce, segundo a Resolução CONAMA nº 357. Os outros parâmetros (amônia, nitrato, nitrito e sulfato), em todos os pontos de coleta, apresentaram baixos valores. Nas amostras de água não foram detectados chumbo e mercúrio; zinco apresentou valores abaixo de 0,007 mg.L-1. As amostras de sedimento apresentaram valores de chumbo entre 11,1566 e 37,0438 mg.L-1, estando 12 dessas acima do valor de referência de qualidade. Também em todas as amostras de sedimento foi detectado mercúrio, que variou de 0,35 a 0,82 mg.L-1. Em relação ao cádmio, esse não foi detectado nas amostras de sedimento e plantas. Também não foram detectados agrotóxicos em nenhuma das amostras estudadas. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to carry out a physicochemical analysis of water, sediment and riparian vegetation in a fish farm located near the Ribeirão da Mata basin in Minas Gerais State (Brazil). The water samples were collected weekly at four points: (1) source, (2) system entry, (3) discharge point, (4) and point release. The monitored physicochemical parameters in the water samples were: temperature (ºC), pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, ammonia and phenol. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury and zinc) and pesticides (organochlorine, organophosphates, clorofosforados, carbamates, pyrethroids and anticoagulant rodenticides) were searched in the samples of water, sediment and riparian vegetation. Alkalinity and total solids presented the highest concentration, probably due to geological features of a carstic area. Phenol, at all points, and phosphate, at points 3 and 4, showed values above the limits allowed for class II freshwater, according to the CONAMA Resolution n. 357. The other parameters (ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and sulfate) in all sampling sites showed low values. It was not detected lead and mercury in the water samples; and zinc values were below 0.007 mg.L-1. However, the sediment samples showed lead values from 11.1566 to 37.0438 mg.L-1, with 12 of those samples above the quality reference value. In addition, it was detected mercury in all sediment samples, which ranged from 0.35 to 0.82 mg.L-1. It was not detected cadmium in samples of sediment neither plants. No pesticides were detected in the samples.
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- 2017
28. Metais potencialmente tóxicos em rios a montante do Pantanal Norte
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Peter Zeilhofer, Ibraim Fantin-Cruz, Geizibel Campos de Magalhães, and Eliana Freire Gaspar de Carvalho Dores
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Hydrology ,água ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Sediment ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Soil type ,poluição ,01 natural sciences ,sedimento de leito ,contamination ,Environmental risk ,bed sediment ,water ,Environmental science ,Precipitation ,Water quality ,Optical emission spectrometry ,Effluent ,Surface water ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Os rios Cuiabá (CBA) e São Lourenço (SL) são considerados estratégicos por integrar regiões de grande relevância econômica, social e ambiental para o Brasil e o mundo. Porém, diversas atividades nas bacias destes rios podem representar fontes de metais potencialmente tóxicos e comprometer a sua qualidade ambiental. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a variabilidade espacial e temporal da concentração de metais nestas bacias e a sua relação com parâmetros de qualidade da água. Foram coletadas mensalmente, de agosto/2012 a julho/2013, 15 amostras de água superficial e 9 amostras de sedimento de fundo, nos rios CBA e SL. As concentrações de Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb e Zn nas amostras de água foram determinadas por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente, e nas amostras de sedimento de leito, por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização em chama. Os elementos Fe, Mn, Pb e Cr apresentaram elevadas concentrações nas amostras de água e sedimento, porém apenas Pb e Cr representam potencial risco ambiental. As concentrações de Fe e Mn foram mais elevadas na parte alta do rio SL enquanto as concentrações de Cu e Pb ocorreram na área dos centros urbanos. Temporalmente, os metais estiveram associados ao regime pluviométrico. A correlação observada entre metais indica uma fonte comum. Desta maneira, a ocorrência e concentração de metais nos rios CBA e SL mostram contribuição de origem natural, reflexo do tipo de solo associado ao regime pluviométrico da região, bem como contribuição antrópica devido às atividades agropecuárias e ao lançamento de efluentes urbanos não tratados. Cuiabá (CBA) and São Lourenço (SL) rivers are considered strategic once they integrate regions, which are economically, socially and environmentally relevant for Brazil and the world. However, several activities developed in their watersheds may represent sources of metals and be a threat to the environmental quality. Thus, in this study we evaluated the spatial and temporal variability of potentially toxic metals in water and sediment and the relationship of their concentration with water quality parameters. Surface water samples were collected monthly in 15 points and bottom sediment in nine points distributed throughout both rivers from August 2012 to July 2013. Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were determined in water by inducted coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and in sediment by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Fe, Mn, Pb and Cr had high concentrations in water and sediment but only Pb and Cr represent environmental risk. Fe and Mn were in higher concentrations in at the upper points of SL River and Cu and Pb in the urban area of both rivers. Temporally, the metal concentrations were associated with precipitation variation. The observed correlations amongst metal concentrations indicate common sources. Thus, the metals occurrence and concentrations in water and sediment of both rivers showed a natural contribution, as a reflex of soil type associated to the region's precipitation regimen as well as the anthropic contribution due to agricultural and cattle breeding activities, and disposal of untreated urban effluents.
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- 2016
29. Study of water quality using benthic biological indicators in rural and urban streams
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Sandro Morais Pimenta, Tiago Godoi Ribeiro, Alfredo Palau Peña, and Geraldo Resende Boaventura
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0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,STREAMS ,Aquatic Science ,Água - qualidade ,pollution ,Formosa ,Drainage ,resistant species ,General Environmental Science ,Hydrology ,Goiás ,Goias ,espécies resistentes ,sediment ,Indicadores (Biologia) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,UPGMA ,Poluição ,Formosa - Goiás (GO) ,020801 environmental engineering ,Sedimentos ,Benthic zone ,Environmental science ,Water quality ,Bioindicator ,sedimento ,Urban environment ,Arithmetic mean - Abstract
Resumo Na avaliação da qualidade da água, além das análises físico-químicas e geoquímicas, outros métodos podem ser utilizados para realizar estudos ou monitoramentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar espécies de bioindicadores bentônicos intolerantes, tolerantes e resistentes às alterações na qualidade da água de dois córregos, considerando a granulometria dos sedimentos e sólidos voláteis. Foram amostrados oito pontos no córrego Bandeirinha e quatro pontos no córrego Josefa Gomes nos meses de janeiro e setembro de 2013. Os córregos estão localizados no município de Formosa-GO. A escolha dos dois córregos deu-se por estarem inseridos em ambientes distintos. Foram utilizados os índices de diversidade Shannon (H), Equitabilidade (E) e Similaridade de Bray-Curtis e o método de agrupamento UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean ). Foram identificadas no córrego Bandeirinha espécies bioindicadoras intolerantes às alterações na qualidade da água. Os reduzidos valores aferidos de sólidos voláteis, próprios de locais com pouca alteração antrópica, e as maiores dimensões granulométricas também corroboram uma paridade nos resultados. O córrego Josefa Gomes, completamente inserido em ambiente urbano apresentou alterações com espécies tolerantes e resistentes. Os resultados demostraram a distinção da qualidade da água em ambiente rural e urbano e a relação dos bioindicadores com os sedimentos. O estudo auxilia na interpretação das alterações na qualidade nas duas drenagens na região. A análise da qualidade da água por meio dos bioindicadores bentônicos pode ser associada às análises físico-químicas e geoquímicas da água e dos sedimentos para uma melhor interpretação dos resultados. Abstract Methods other than physical-chemical and geochemical analyses can be used to assess water quality in surface drainage. This study used intolerant, tolerant and resistant benthic species as bioindicators of changes in water quality of two streams, taking in account particle size of sediments and volatile solids. Eight points were sampled in the stream Bandeirinha and four points in the stream Josefa Gomes in January and September 2013 in the municipality of Formosa-GO. The two streams were chosen in order to study two different environments. The study used the diversity indexes of Shannon (H), Equitability (E) and Bray-Curtis Similarity and the grouping analysis method UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean). The results of particle size and volatile solids study of Bandeirinha stream located in rural areas showed bioindicator species intolerant of changes in water quality. The stream Josefa Gomes, completely inserted in an urban environment, showed alteration identified by tolerant and resistant species. The results demonstrate differences in water quality in the rural and urban environments and the relationship of bioindicators with sediments. The study aids the interpretation of changes in the water quality of the two drainages areas. Analysis of water quality based upon benthic biological indicators associated with physical-chemical and geochemical analyses of water and sediments provide a better interpretation of the results.
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- 2016
30. Water quality monitoring of the Pirapó River watershed, Paraná, Brazil
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Cássia Maria Bonifácio, Hieda Adriana Nascimento Silva, Célia Regina Granhen Tavares, and E C Bortoletto
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Rio Pirapó ,Pirapó River ,principal component analysis ,Drainage basin ,Biology ,water quality ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Rivers ,Nitrate ,lcsh:Botany ,monitoramento ,Environmental monitoring ,lcsh:Zoology ,pollution ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Turbidity ,lcsh:Science ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Total suspended solids ,análise de componentes principais ,Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Sampling (statistics) ,qualidade da água ,poluição ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,monitoring ,chemistry ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:Q ,Water quality ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Surface runoff ,Brazil ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Pirapó River watershed in Paraná, Brazil, and identify the critical pollution sites throughout the drainage basin. The water quality was monitored during the period from January 2011 to December 2012. Nine points distributed throughout the main channel of the Pirapó River were sampled for a total of 17 samplings. The water quality was evaluated based on the determination of 14 physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Analysis of the variables monitored in the Pirapó River watershed using factor analysis/principal components analysis (FA/PCA) indicated the formation of three distinct groups of parameters: water temperature (Twater), dissolved oxygen (DO) and a group composed of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity and nitrite (NO2–). The parameters Twater and DO exhibited a relationship with the seasonality, and the TSS, turbidity, and NO2– levels were correlated with surface runoff caused by rainfall events. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the sampling points enabled the selection of the 10 most important variables from among the 14 evaluated parameters. The results showed that the nitrate (NO3–), NO2–, TSS, turbidity and total phosphorous (TP) levels were related to the soil type, and the parameters DO, electrical conductivity (EC), ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) and thermotolerant coliforms (TC) were related to organic matter pollution, with the P5 sampling site being the most critical site. The ordination diagram of the sampling points as a function of the PCA indicated a reduction from 9 to 5 sampling points, indicating the potential for decreasing the costs associated with monitoring. Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da água na bacia hidrográfica do rio Pirapó, Paraná-Brasil, e identificar os pontos críticos de poluição ao longo da bacia. O monitoramento da qualidade da água foi realizado no período de Jan/2011 a Dez/2012, em nove pontos de amostragem distribuídos ao longo do canal principal do rio Pirapó, totalizando 17 coletas. A qualidade da água foi avaliada por meio da determinação de 14 parâmetros físicos, químicos e microbiológicos. A aplicação da Análise Fatorial/Análise das Componentes Principais (AF/ACP) nas variáveis monitoradas na bacia do rio Pirapó indicou a formação de três grupos distintos: Temperatura da água (Tágua), oxigênio dissolvido (OD) e um grupo composto por sólidos suspensos totais (SST), Turbidez e Nitrito (NO2–). Os parâmetros Tágua e OD demonstraram relação com a sazonalidade, e os parâmetros SST, Turbidez e NO2– com o escoamento superficial provocado por eventos de precipitação. A análise dos pontos de amostragem por componentes principais (ACP) permitiu selecionar 10 variáveis com maior importância entre as 14 avaliadas. Verificou-se que os parâmetros nitrato (NO3–), NO2–, SST, Turbidez e Fósforo Total (FT) estão relacionados ao tipo de solo, e os parâmetros OD, condutividade elétrica (CE), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) e coliformes termotolerantes (CT) à poluição por matéria orgânica, sendo o ponto P5 de amostragem o trecho mais crítico. O diagrama de ordenação dos pontos de amostragem em função da ACP indicou a redução de 9 para 5 pontos de amostragem, o que implica redução de custos associados ao monitoramento.
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- 2015
31. Distribuição e contaminação de metais no solo da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Guandu
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Aldo Pacheco Ferreira
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Pollution ,Watershed ,Soil test ,media_common.quotation_subject ,trace elements ,Streeter Phelps models ,Aquatic Science ,water quality ,Ecosystem services ,análise de solo ,Environmental protection ,elementos-traço ,pollution ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,media_common ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Ecosystem health ,Environmental assessment ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Soil classification ,Contamination ,poluição ,Soil contamination ,Environmental chemistry ,environmental assessment ,Environmental science ,Avaliação ambiental - Abstract
Coastal areas provide important benefits to humans in terms of food resources and ecosystem services. At the same time, human activities can have significant negative impacts on ecosystem health. Thus, control of watershed pollution is both necessary and essential in order to reduce and systematically eliminate the detrimental consequences that are evident in marine and estuarine ecosystems. The present study investigated the distribution of metals at the Guandu Watershed. Five sampling sites were selected for the soil analysis. Samples were collected from February 2013 to December 2014 and analysed for concentrations of As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Co, using ICP. For control, some samples were used in uncontaminated areas outside the direct effect of chemical industries. The data indicate the presence of metals at the research sites. While the levels of contamination are still slightly below the peak concentrations established by Brazilian legislation, they are approaching levels of concern, particularly with regard to As, Cd, Pb and Cr. The results indicate that the use of water from the Guandu Watershed for recreational purposes and fishing is harmful to both human health and the environment. As zonas costeiras proporcionam benefícios importantes para os seres humanos em termos de recursos alimentares e serviços ecossistêmicos. Ao mesmo tempo, as atividades humanas podem ter impactos negativos significativos sobre a saúde dos ecossistemas. Assim, o controle da poluição das bacias hidrográficas, além de necessária, é fundamental para reduzir e sistematicamente eliminar as atuais consequências impactantes que são evidentes nos ecossistemas marinhos e estuarinos. O presente estudo investigou a distribuição de metais na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Guandu. Cinco pontos de amostragem foram selecionados para as análises de solo. As amostras foram coletadas a partir de fevereiro a novembro de 2014, e analisadas para as concentrações de As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni e Co, utilizando ICP. Para o controle, algumas amostras foram utilizadas em áreas não-contaminadas, fora do efeito direto das indústrias químicas. Os dados indicam a presença dos metais pesquisados no solo dos locais de pesquisa estão contaminados; ainda que levemente abaixo das concentrações máximas estabelecidas por referência brasileira, mas atingindo concentrações preocupantes, destacando As, Cd, Pb e Cr. No que diz respeito aos resultados, sinaliza que o uso da água da bacia hidrográfica do Guandu para fins recreativos e pesca é prejudicial para a saúde humana e ambiente.
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- 2015
- Full Text
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32. Influência da densidade populacional nas relações entre matéria orgânica carbonácea, nitrogênio e fósforo em rios urbanos situados em áreas com baixa cobertura sanitária Influence of the urban density in the relationship among carbonic organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous in small rivers with low sanitation coverage
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Harry Alberto Bollmann and David M.L. da Motta Marques
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rios urbanos ,Water quality ,urban rivers ,pollution ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,lcsh:TA170-171 ,poluição ,Qualidade das águas ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,lcsh:Environmental engineering - Abstract
O objetivo principal deste trabalho é a análise da variação da relação entre a matéria orgânica carbonácea (representada pelas Demandas Biológica e Bioquímica de Oxigênio), Nitrogênio Total Kjeldhal e Fósforo Total nas águas de pequenos rios urbanos cujas áreas de drenagem apresentem baixa cobertura sanitária. Para isso, foram selecionadas 4 bacias hidrográficas urbanas com ocupação residencial, densidade populacional entre 0 e 100 hab/ha e similaridade de condições naturais e de ocupação humana. Os resultados mostraram alterações importantes nas relações entre os conteúdos de matéria orgânica carbonácea, Nitrogênio e Fósforo indicando que, a partir de uma condição natural não urbanizada, mesmo pequenas densidades populacionais são capazes de alterar significativamente a qualidade das águas.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship among the carbonic organic matter (measured as Chemical and Biological Oxygen Demand), Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen and Total Phosphorous in small urban rivers with low sanitation coverage in its hydrographic basins. Four basins with similar natural condition and residential occupation but variable urban densities between 0 and 100 inhabitants per hectare were selected. The results show important changes in the carbonic organic matter, Nitrogen and Phosphorous relationships indicating that, compared with a natural condition, even low urban densities can significantly change de water quality.
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- 2006
33. Qualidade da água numa microbacia hidrográfica de cabeceira situada em região produtora de fumo Water quality in a watershed located in a tobacco producing area
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Celso S. Gonçalves, Danilo dos S. Rheinheimer, João B. R. Pellegrini, and Sinval L. Kist
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pollution ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,poluição ,agroquímicos ,qualidade da água ,water quality ,lcsh:S1-972 ,agrochemicals - Abstract
Sem respeitar sua capacidade de suporte aliado à utilização maciça de agroquímicos, o uso agrícola do solo vem comprometendo a qualidade da água superficial. Neste trabalho, teve-se por objetivo monitorar a qualidade da água do dreno principal de uma microbacia hidrográfica (MBH) de cabeceira, situada em área predominantemente produtora de fumo e que utiliza intensamente agroquímicos e manejo convencional. A MBH está localizada no distrito de Nova Boêmia, em Agudo, RS. Coletaram-se amostras para análise em quatro pontos representativos do arroio, nos primeiros oito meses de 2002 e se analisaram, nas amostras de água, parâmetros microbiológicos, físicos e químicos; em um dos pontos avaliou-se a vazão e o transporte de sedimentos durante um evento chuvoso. As maiores concentrações de poluentes ocorreram nas águas coletadas nos pontos de maior influência de lavouras e estabelecimentos rurais. Os meses mais chuvosos coincidiram com as maiores contaminações microbiológicas, principalmente por coliformes fecais, enquanto os resultados mostraram que a água do arroio apresentou concentração de fósforo muito acima do padrão da classe 3 do CONAMA (1986).The agricultural over use of the soil and excessive application of agrochemicals affect water quality. The present work was carried out to monitor the water quality of the main drain of a watershed cropped predominantly by tobacco, with intense use of agrochemicals and cultivated under conventional tillage. The watershed is located in the district of Nova Boemia in Agudo (Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil). During first eight months of 2002, samples were collected at four representative points of the stream. Microbiological and physiochemical parameters were analyzed. At are of the prints, the water flow and sediment transport was evaluated during a rain event. The greatest concentration of pollutants occurred in the sample collected at the points of intense farming influence and rural establishments. The most rainy months coincided with the greatest biological contaminations, mainly by fecal coliforms. The results showed that watershed water show phosphorus contents very high compared to standards of class 3 of CONAMA (1986).
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- 2005
34. Differential environmental impacts on small and medium size rivers from center of São Paulo State, Brazil, and regional management perspectives
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Marcos Gomes Nogueira, Luciana Pinto Sartori, Paula Oliveira, Secretaria do Verde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Centro Universitário São Camilo
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Wet season ,Pollution ,Watershed ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Aquatic Science ,índice de estado trófico ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,Dry season ,medicine ,pollution ,CONAMA 357 ,Turbidity ,cargas ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,trophic state index ,Water Science and Technology ,media_common ,Hydrology ,Suspended solids ,Ecology ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,poluição ,loads ,Environmental science ,Water quality ,lcsh:Ecology - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-19T16:20:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-01Bitstream added on 2015-03-19T16:29:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2179-975X2014000400008.pdf: 2204208 bytes, checksum: ef1b910dc315ed769632fc734b0a5e50 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho buscou avaliar, comparativamente, a influência dos distintos tipos de impactos ambientais na bacia hidrográfica sobre os rios Capivara, Lavapés, Araquá e Pardo, e transferências de efeitos para a jusante. MÉTODOS: O estudo limnológico/qualidade de água foi realizado nos períodos chuvoso (março/2007) e seco (setembro/2007), sendo consideradas 17 estações de amostragem. RESULTADOS: Variáveis como largura, profundidade, vazão e temperatura da água aumentaram a jusante; velocidade, transparência e oxigênio dissolvido foram maiores nos trechos superiores. A penetração de luz na água foi total em quase todas as estações de amostragem e o pH predominantemente ácido. Os rios que sofrem impacto da área urbana, com fontes pontuais de poluição foram Lavapés e Araquá, apresentando maiores valores de condutividade elétrica, material em suspensão, nitrogênio total, nitrato, nitrito, amônia fósforo total, fosfato total dissolvido, DBO e coliformes termotolerantes. No período chuvoso foram observados maiores valores de condutividade elétrica, turbidez e material em suspensão, enquanto que concentrações mais elevadas de clorofila-a ocorreram no período seco. O rio Lavapés foi o que apresentou a pior condição ambiental, em contraste com o rio Capivara em melhor estado de conservação. Os rios estudados foram fortemente influenciados pela variação sazonal e por despejos de esgoto e uso e ocupação da bacia hidrográfica. O IET mostrou ser uma boa ferramenta de análise. Os rios estudados impactam a jusante com a exportação de matéria orgânica e cargas elevadas de NT, PT e SS para os rios Tietê e Paranapanema. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo mostrou a importância da gestão desses ambientes e que a degradação dos rios demonstram que a legislação brasileira avançou pouco na preservação, gestão e manejo dos ecossistemas aquáticos e que a interface entre ciência, legislação, gestão e preservação de ecossistemas aquáticos precisa ser melhorada. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate, comparatively, the influence of distinct environmental impacts in the watershed on the rivers Capivara, Lavapés, Araquá and Pardo and the transference of effects downstream. METHODS: The limnological/water quality study was carried out in rainy (March/2007) and dry (September/2007) seasons, considering 17 sampling stations. RESULTS: Variables such as channel width and depth, water velocity and temperature increased towards the river's mouth; water transparency, velocity and dissolved oxygen were higher in the upstream regions. Light penetration was total at most sampling stations and pH was predominantly acid. The sampling stations impacted by pollution sources, Lavapés and Araquá Rivers, exhibited higher values of electric conductivity, suspended solids, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total dissolved phosphorus, BOD, and thermotolerant coliforms. Higher values of electric conductivity, turbidity and suspended solids were observed in the rainy season, whereas higher chlorophyll concentrations occurred in the dry season. The Lavapés River exhibits the worst environmental condition, while Capivara River is under better state of conservation. This study shows that it is urgent the implementation of measures for preservation and restoration of these regional aquatic ecosystems. All studied rivers were influenced by seasonal variation, sewage discharges and by watershed use and occupation. The TSI is a good analysis tool. The studied rivers export organic matter and TN, TP and SS loads to Tietê and Paranapanema rivers. CONCLUSIONS: This study show the importance of river management and that the accelerated degradation of the river systems indicates the little progress of the Brazilian legislation in terms of preservation and good management practices and that the interface between science, law, management and conservation need to be improved. Secretaria do Verde e Meio Ambiente Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Biociências - IB Centro Universitário São Camilo Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Biociências - IB CNPq: 131802/2007-0
- Published
- 2014
35. Influence of urbanisation on water quality in the basin of the upper Uruguay River in western Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Jacir Dal Magro, Maria Elena Krombauer Anselmini, Gilza Maria de Souza-Franco, Douglas João Carlos Mocellin, and Raquel Zeni Ternus
- Subjects
Alkalinity ,Drainage basin ,Aquatic Science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,limnologia fluvial ,Nitrate ,Tributary ,River mouth ,Riparian forest ,pollution ,fósforo ,Organic matter ,phosphorus ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Water Science and Technology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,fluvial limnology ,poluição ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,Water quality - Abstract
AIM: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the limnological characteristics of rivers flowing through urban and rural areas in the upper Uruguay River basin in western Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil. METHODS: Sampling sites in the tributaries were selected along the longitudinal gradient and the different use of the soil in adjacent areas. Samples were collected bimonthly from March 2005 to August 2006. The following were analysed: depth, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), water temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphorus were analysed. RESULTS: In most of the rivers analysed, we found a continuum from the spring to the river mouth that was characterised by a gradual increase in electrical conductivity, COD, phosphorus, alkalinity, nitrite and nitrate. However, an alteration from this pattern was found in rivers passing through urban areas. This deviation was due to high organic matter input poured into the rivers from these areas. CONCLUSIONS: Degraded riparian forest was observed along most of the bodies of water, which facilitates the entry of pollutants. Although the studied area suffers from intense farming activity (agriculture and livestock) and has the highest concentration of swine livestock in the country, the rivers that were most altered from their natural state were those that were influenced by sewage and industrial effluents from urban development. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as características limnológicas de rios que atravessam áreas rurais e urbanas na bacia do alto Rio Uruguai no oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados pontos nos afluentes, obedecendo ao gradiente longitudinal e diferente uso do solo das áreas adjacentes. As amostragens foram bimestrais de março de 2005 a agosto de 2006. Foram analisadas as variáveis profundidade, pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), temperatura da água, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), alcalinidade total, amônia, nitrito, nitrato e fósforo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados evidenciaram que para a maioria dos rios, da nascente até a foz, há um contínuo, caracterizado pelo aumento gradual da condutividade elétrica, da DQO, fósforo, alcalinidade, nitrito e nitrato. No entanto, para rios que atravessam áreas urbanas, verificou-se desvio desse padrão ocasionado pela elevada entrada de material orgânico. CONCLUSÕES: Foi observado mata ciliar degradada na maioria dos corpos d'água estudados, o que facilita a entrada de poluentes. Embora a região estudada sofra a pressão de uma intensa atividade agrícola (agricultura e pecuária) e com a maior concentração de criação de suínos do país, foi verificado que os rios mais alterados em suas características originais foram aqueles que recebem influência da área urbana com lançamento de esgoto e efluente industrial.
- Published
- 2011
36. Influência da densidade populacional nas relações entre matéria orgânica carbonácea, nitrogênio e fósforo em rios urbanos situados em áreas com baixa cobertura sanitária
- Author
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Bollmann, Harry Alberto and Marques, David M.L. da Motta
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rios urbanos ,Water quality ,urban rivers ,pollution ,poluição ,Qualidade das águas - Abstract
O objetivo principal deste trabalho é a análise da variação da relação entre a matéria orgânica carbonácea (representada pelas Demandas Biológica e Bioquímica de Oxigênio), Nitrogênio Total Kjeldhal e Fósforo Total nas águas de pequenos rios urbanos cujas áreas de drenagem apresentem baixa cobertura sanitária. Para isso, foram selecionadas 4 bacias hidrográficas urbanas com ocupação residencial, densidade populacional entre 0 e 100 hab/ha e similaridade de condições naturais e de ocupação humana. Os resultados mostraram alterações importantes nas relações entre os conteúdos de matéria orgânica carbonácea, Nitrogênio e Fósforo indicando que, a partir de uma condição natural não urbanizada, mesmo pequenas densidades populacionais são capazes de alterar significativamente a qualidade das águas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship among the carbonic organic matter (measured as Chemical and Biological Oxygen Demand), Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen and Total Phosphorous in small urban rivers with low sanitation coverage in its hydrographic basins. Four basins with similar natural condition and residential occupation but variable urban densities between 0 and 100 inhabitants per hectare were selected. The results show important changes in the carbonic organic matter, Nitrogen and Phosphorous relationships indicating that, compared with a natural condition, even low urban densities can significantly change de water quality.
- Published
- 2006
37. Qualidade da água numa microbacia hidrográfica de cabeceira situada em região produtora de fumo
- Author
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Sinval L. Kist, Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer, Celso S. Gonçalves, and J. B. R. Pellegrini
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Environmental Engineering ,pollution ,poluição ,agroquímicos ,qualidade da água ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,water quality ,agrochemicals - Abstract
Sem respeitar sua capacidade de suporte aliado à utilização maciça de agroquímicos, o uso agrícola do solo vem comprometendo a qualidade da água superficial. Neste trabalho, teve-se por objetivo monitorar a qualidade da água do dreno principal de uma microbacia hidrográfica (MBH) de cabeceira, situada em área predominantemente produtora de fumo e que utiliza intensamente agroquímicos e manejo convencional. A MBH está localizada no distrito de Nova Boêmia, em Agudo, RS. Coletaram-se amostras para análise em quatro pontos representativos do arroio, nos primeiros oito meses de 2002 e se analisaram, nas amostras de água, parâmetros microbiológicos, físicos e químicos; em um dos pontos avaliou-se a vazão e o transporte de sedimentos durante um evento chuvoso. As maiores concentrações de poluentes ocorreram nas águas coletadas nos pontos de maior influência de lavouras e estabelecimentos rurais. Os meses mais chuvosos coincidiram com as maiores contaminações microbiológicas, principalmente por coliformes fecais, enquanto os resultados mostraram que a água do arroio apresentou concentração de fósforo muito acima do padrão da classe 3 do CONAMA (1986). The agricultural over use of the soil and excessive application of agrochemicals affect water quality. The present work was carried out to monitor the water quality of the main drain of a watershed cropped predominantly by tobacco, with intense use of agrochemicals and cultivated under conventional tillage. The watershed is located in the district of Nova Boemia in Agudo (Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil). During first eight months of 2002, samples were collected at four representative points of the stream. Microbiological and physiochemical parameters were analyzed. At are of the prints, the water flow and sediment transport was evaluated during a rain event. The greatest concentration of pollutants occurred in the sample collected at the points of intense farming influence and rural establishments. The most rainy months coincided with the greatest biological contaminations, mainly by fecal coliforms. The results showed that watershed water show phosphorus contents very high compared to standards of class 3 of CONAMA (1986).
- Published
- 2005
38. Water quality index for agricultural and urban watershed use
- Author
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Luís Gonzaga de Toledo and G. Nicolella
- Subjects
Pollution ,Watershed ,Agriculture (General) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,factorial analyses ,water resources ,análise fatorial ,S1-972 ,recursos hídricos ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nitrate ,IQA ,monitoramento ,pollution ,Turbidity ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Total suspended solids ,media_common ,Hydrology ,WQI ,rios ,Sampling (statistics) ,poluição ,lcsh:S1-972 ,rivers ,Water resources ,monitoring ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Water quality ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
A avaliação da qualidade da água em microbacias sob diferentes usos pode ser feita pelo uso de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas. Em Guaíra (SP), foi realizado o monitoramento da qualidade da água em uma microbacia de uso agrícola e urbano com 9600 ha, no período de jun/95 a jun/96. Coletaram-se amostras de água a cada 21 dias em 5 pontos, sendo determinadas 10 variáveis (fósforo total e dissolvido, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, amônia, nitrato, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, sólidos totais em suspensão e clorofila). Calculou-se um índice de qualidade de água (IQA) através do uso da técnica de análise fatorial e do método de Bartlett. Os resultados obtidos indicaram uma diferença entre os valores de IQA para as três estações a montante da cidade de Guaira e as duas estações a jusante, com valores médios de --1,757 e 2,35, respectivamente. Pela análise fatorial, oxigênio dissolvido, fósforo total, amônia e condutividade elétrica foram as variáveis que mais contribuíram na determinação do IQA. Os três primeiros fatores explicaram 71% da variância dos dados. O primeiro fator explicou 47% da variância dos dados e foi utilizado na construção do IQA. A influência climática foi pouco significativa no IQA, apresentando uma pequena deterioração na qualidade da água durante o período chuvoso. Discute-se a aplicação da técnica de análise fatorial como forma de avaliar as alterações na qualidade da água e na seleção de melhores indicadores de impacto ambiental em microbacias. An assessment of water quality in a watershed of 9600 ha in Guaíra, SP - Brazil, submitted to different occupations (rural and urban), was carried out during the period Jun/95 to Jun/96, using multivariate statistical techniques. Water samples were collected every 21 days at five sampling sites to evaluate ten water quality parameters (total and dissolved P, pH, dissolved O2, NH4, nitrate, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, and chlorophyll). A water quality index (WQI) was determined by the factorial analysis and the Bartlett method. The results point out a significant difference of WQI between the three upstream and the two downstream (in relation to Guaíra) sampling sites (mean values of - 1.76 and 2.35 respectively). The factorial analysis indicated that dissolved O2, total P, NH4, and electric conductivity were the most important parameters in determining the value of the WQI. The first three factors explained 71% of the variance of the data, whereas the first factor alone explained 47%. The influence of climate parameters was of little significance for the WQI, causing a minor water quality deterioration during the rainy season. The paper discusses the applicability of the factorial analysis as a means of assessing water quality alterations, as well as for the selection of appropriate indicators for the assessment of environmental impact in watersheds.
- Published
- 2002
39. Uso da taxocenose de peixes como indicadora de degradação ambiental no rio Paraíba do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Author
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Francisco Gerson Araújo
- Subjects
Peixes ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Rio Paraíba do Sul ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,Water supply ,Poluição ,Pollution ,Integridade Biótica ,Index of biological integrity ,Fishery ,Geography ,Paraíba do Sul River ,Fish ,Biological integrity ,Environmental protection ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,%22">Fish ,Water quality ,Biotic Integrity ,business ,Trophic level - Abstract
An adaptation of index of biotic integrity (IBI) was performed for the first time in Brazil at the Rio Paraíba do Sul, between Barra Mansa and Barra do Piraí, a very important extent of this river because of the high pollution levels, and for being the main abstraction source of Rio de Janeiro city water supply. A monthly standardised sampling programme, from March-1995 to February-1996, was carried out at four sites. Seines, casting nets and net trays were used for catching fishes. IBI was obtained by integrating 12 ecological and environmental attributes of fish taxocene, populations, and individual organisms to assess biological integrity based in Species Composition, Trophic Structure and Fish Condition. Overall, water quality was classified between poor and fair and an improvement was detected between the high polluted Barra Mansa site and the less polluted Barra do Piraí site, showing the capacity of restoration of the river over this 50 km. Seasonally, the best conditions were reached from March to August, and the worse, from September to February, when most aloctone materials are brought to the river.
- Published
- 1998
40. Prospecção de moluscos bivalves no estudo da poluição dos rios Cachoeira e Santana em Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil
- Author
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João Luciano Andrioli, Lidiane Barreto, Gílvia Simone Andrade Oliveira, Tauá Alves Melo, Denise Sande, Teddy Talbot, and Guisla Boehs
- Subjects
Pollution ,education.field_of_study ,Oyster ,General Veterinary ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Qualidade da água ,Poluição ,Aquatic animal ,Biology ,Coliformes termotolerantes ,Enteróbios patogênicos ,Coliform bacteria ,Fishery ,biology.animal ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Water quality ,Water pollution ,education ,Moluscos bivalves ,Shellfish ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,media_common - Abstract
Um levantamento sobre o nível de poluição dos Rios Cachoeira e Santana (Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil) foi realizado durante um trimestre, por meio da avaliação da qualidade microbiológica da água e de frutos do mar (Crassostrea rhizophorae - ostra-do-mangue e Tagelus plebeius - moapem) extraídos desses rios. Tradicionais indicadores de poluição como coliformes totais (Ct) e coliformes termotolerantes (CT), além de contagem padrão de microrganismos, com isolamento e identificação das enterobactérias, foram determinados nas amostras dos rios, os quais exibiram diferentes níveis de poluição fecal. Foram isolados 68 microrganismos, distribuídos em dez espécies, dentre elas, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli e Shigella sp., alertando para o risco do consumo in natura desses moluscos, mesmo quando em conformidade com a legislação estabelecida para CT. A prospecção de moluscos para o acompanhamento dos índices de poluição não se mostrou efetiva considerando a pesquisa de CT em ostras e moapens. Verificou-se também o maior grau de contaminação no Rio Cachoeira, o qual serve de base para distribuição de água na região e como fonte de subsistência, por meio da atividade extrativista, para a população ribeirinha.
- Published
- 2010
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