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Image authentication is an important field that employs many different approaches and has several significant applications. In the proposed approach, we used a combination of two techniques to achieve authentication. Image watermarking is one of the techniques that has been used in many studies but the authentication field still needs to be studied. Blockchain technology is a relatively new technology that has significant research potential related to image authentication. The watermark is embedded into the third-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in the middle frequency regions to achieve security and imperceptibility goals. Peak signal-to-noise ratio PSNR, structural similarity matrix (SSIM), normalized correlation coefficient (NCC), and bit error rate (BER) are used to measure the performance of image watermarking. We used blockchain technology to avoid involving a trusted third party for authentication. Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA-256) is applied on the watermark to save it into the blockchain. The watermark is encrypted using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and embedded into the image. The proposed method is tested on the USP SICI database and the MedPix medical image database. Ethereum blockchain is used to provide security, anonymity, and integrity of data with no third-party intervention. The proposed solution demonstrates enhanced security for image authentication compared with the state-of-the-art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biometric template disclosure starts gaining an important concern in deploying practical biometric authentication systems, where an assailant compromises the database for illegitimate access. To protect biometric templates from disclosure attacks, biometric authentication systems should meet these four requirements: security, diversity, revocability, and performance. Different methods have been suggested in the literature such as feature transformation techniques and biometric cryptosystems. However, no single method could satisfy the four requirements, giving rise to the deployment of hybrid mechanisms. In this context, the current paper proposes a hybrid system for multimodal biometric template protection to provide robustness against template database attacks. Herein, a secure sketch method is first applied to secure the fingerprint modality. Subsequently, a Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform Discrete Cosine Transform (DTCWT-DCT) based watermarking is employed to entrench the fingerprint sketch into the face image. However, a 3D chaotic-map-based encryption method is employed to protect the watermarked facial image in order to offer an added security level. The experimentation performed using the ORL face database and three Fingerprint Verification Competition (FVC) fingerprint databases showed the approach's efficiency in withstanding standard digital image watermarking attacks, brute force attacks, and information leakage. Moreover, the results revealed that the approach achieves high performance, and satisfies diversity and revocability requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a number of issues related to the development of biometric authentication systems, such as privacy breach, consequential security and biometric template storage. Thus, the current paper aims to address these issues through the hybrid approach of watermarking with biometric encryption. A multimodal biometric template protection approach with fusion at score level using fingerprint and face templates is proposed. The proposed approach includes two basic stages, enrollment stage and verification stage. During the enrollment stage, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied on the face images to embed the fingerprint features into different directional sub-bands. Watermark embedding and extraction are done by quantizing the mean values of the wavelet coefficients. Subsequently, the inverse DWT is applied to obtain the watermarked image. Following this, a unique token is assigned for each genuine user and a hyper-chaotic map is used to produce a key stream in order to encrypt a watermarked image using block-cipher. The experimentation results indicate the efficiency of the proposed approach in term of achieving a reasonable error rate of 3.87%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biometric recognition has been proven to offer a reliable solution to authenticate the identity of the legitimate user. Because of the inherent nature of biometrics, which involves the practice of digitally scanning the physiological or behavioral characteristics of individuals as a means of identification, the biometric trait employed is associated permanently with an individual and cannot be modified. This paper proposes a multimodal biometric template protection algorithm for the security of stored biometric templates in a database. The proposed algorithm is based on watermarking, shuffling process, Hadamard matrix and chaotic map. The security of the algorithm depends on the secrecy of the keys and the chaotic map. Watermarking based on Discrete Wavelet Transform-Singular Value Decomposition has been applied to fuse the features of face and fingerprint in order to improve the security of biometric data. To satisfy the requirements of a biometric template protection algorithm, each genuine user is assigned a unique key for the shuffling process and a unique code is generated using Hadamard matrix. Hadamard matrix is used to provide orthogonality and chaotic map for randomization. The identification process is carried out using Hamming distance. The experimental results give a good performance in terms of achieving a minimum value of FRR and FAR in comparison with previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]