1. Systemic and organ-specific anti-inflammatory effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.
- Author
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Mashayekhi, Mona, Safa, Bilgunay Ilkin, Gonzalez, Matthew S.C., Kim, Sangwon F., and Echouffo-Tcheugui, Justin B.
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SODIUM-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors , *CANAGLIFLOZIN , *GLYCEMIC control , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *WEIGHT loss , *INTRACELLULAR calcium - Abstract
Evidence from animal models and human studies clearly demonstrate that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have systemic and tissue-specific anti-inflammatory effects that may be independent of glycemic control and weight loss. SGLT2 inhibitors may achieve their anti-inflammatory effects through various mechanisms, including reduction of reactive oxygen species, inflammasome activation, intracellular sodium and calcium levels, circulating uric acid, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The direct and indirect mitigation of inflammatory pathways by SGLT2 inhibitors may partially explain their cardiac and renoprotective effects. However, this remains to be formally demonstrated in human studies. Inflammation plays an essential role and is a common feature in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. The exact mechanisms through which sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors achieve their much-acclaimed clinical benefits largely remain unknown. In this review, we detail the systemic and tissue- or organ-specific anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT2 inhibitors using evidence from animal and human studies. We discuss the potential pathways through which SGLT2 inhibitors exert their anti-inflammatory effects, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial, and inflammasome pathways. Finally, we highlight the need for further investigation of the extent of the contribution of the anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT2 inhibition to improvements in cardiometabolic and renal outcomes in clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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