9 results on '"Alfonso, Sébastien"'
Search Results
2. Evaluation of the Effects of the Composition Enriched-Organic Diets on European Sea Bass Welfare through a Multi-Parametric Approach
- Author
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Carbonara, Pierluigi, Zupa, Walter, Bitetto, Isabella, Alfonso, Sébastien, Dara, Mariano, and Cammarata, Matteo
- Subjects
welfare ,lcsh:Oceanography ,muscle activity ,lcsh:VM1-989 ,multiparametric approach ,organic ,lcsh:Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,lcsh:GC1-1581 ,European sea bass - Abstract
Three groups of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were fed for seven months, with either a conventional diet or two different organic diets, which contain organic vegetables and a natural antioxidant compound. The two organic diets differed themselves in terms of raw proteins, fish oil, and lipid contents. Sea bass welfare condition was assessed in relation to these three diets, using 16 different indicators. These were: swimming activity (recovery test, muscle activity), haematological and serological stress indicators (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red-blood-cell count, cortisol, glucose, lactate), aspecific immunity parameter (lysozyme), indicators of exposure to organic contaminants (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and glutathione-S-transferase), and growth parameters (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and hepato-somatic index). Most of these parameters individually did not give consistent responses, but their integration can provide an accurate evaluation of the fish welfare conditions among the three diet experimental groups. The multiparametric approach outlined a comprehensive picture of sea bass physiological state. The principal component analysis and the multi-criteria-decision-analysis were found to be useful tools for an integrated fish welfare assessment, highlighting that the best welfare condition was achieved in the experimental group fed with the protein-rich organic diet.
- Published
- 2020
3. Moderate stocking density does not influence the behavioural and physiological responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in organic aquaculture.
- Author
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Carbonara, Pierluigi, Alfonso, Sébastien, Gai, Francesco, Gasco, Laura, Palmegiano, Giovanni, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Zupa, Walter, and Lembo, Giuseppe
- Subjects
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FISH stocking , *RAINBOW trout , *DENSITY , *PHYSIOLOGICAL stress , *WATER quality , *WELFARE state , *AQUACULTURE - Abstract
Welfare in farmed fish got particular attention during the last decades from both governmental and public sides. In aquaculture context, welfare concerns are mainly related to handling procedures, water quality and stoking densities. In Europe, authorities had to clarify the threshold limits of stocking densities to maintain fish good welfare, including for organics aquaculture through the EC regulation 710/2009. However, effects of stocking density on fish welfare are complex and sometimes contradictory. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge about the impact of density on fish welfare in organic aquaculture. Thus, the aim of the study is to asses welfare state of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at two initial stocking densities (low density, LD: 12 kg/m3 and high density, HD: 17 kg/m3) fed using organic feed by combining the monitoring of growth performances, behaviour (swimming activity) and physiological indicators (i.e. cortisol, glucose, lactate, hematocrit, red blood cellule count and lysozyme). At the end of experiment, the stocking density reached 21 kg/m3 and 30 kg/m3 for the LD and HD respectively. Overall, growth performances, swimming activity and level of physiological indicators of stress and welfare were similar between HD and LD over the experiment duration. To conclude, we observed no alteration of fish welfare between the two stocking densities monitored. This study suggests that a final stocking density of 30 kg/m3 can be considered for organic aquaculture of rainbow trout respecting welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Global assessment of the response to chronic stress in European sea bass.
- Author
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Sadoul, Bastien, Alfonso, Sébastien, Cousin, Xavier, Prunet, Patrick, Bégout, Marie-Laure, and Leguen, Isabelle
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PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *EUROPEAN seabass , *FISH locomotion , *FISH reproduction , *OSMOTIC pressure , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *HYDROCORTISONE - Abstract
Stress modifies energy allocation in fishes by redirecting energy from growth and reproduction to coping mechanisms. However, these adjustments become inappropriate when the challenge consists of sustained or repeated stressors, with the animal entering a maladaptive state. Capacities to cope with additional threats are then altered and compromise survival. The characterization of the responses to chronic stress in fishes helps better understanding the physiological limits in an aquaculture or ecological context. Here, we investigate the coping capacities of European sea bass to multiple and diverse stressors applied over a 3-weeks period. Multiple behavioural (group dispersion and swimming activity) and physiological responses (blood cortisol, osmoregulatory mechanisms, stress-related gene expression, etc.) were evaluated in resting fish or in fish exposed to additional challenges. Resilience to the chronic stress protocol was evaluated 4 months after the end of the chronic stress. Chronically stressed individuals showed reduced growth, lower cortisol response, increased chloride and sodium concentration in the plasma and modified gill gene expression translating osmoregulatory dysfunctions. Chronic stress had no significant effect on plasmatic calcium, lysozyme concentration and osmotic pressure. Increased thigmotaxic behaviour was observed in a new environment behavioural test. Four months after the chronic stress, no significant difference was observed in growth performances and in plasma parameters. Altogether, gills and more generally osmoregulatory functions were found to be the most sensitive to the chronic stress, while only limited changes in growth, activity of the HPI axis, immunity and swimming behaviour were observed when assessed individually. This work demonstrates the necessity of using multiple and diverse endpoints related to different functions to properly assess health and welfare in fishes. • Stress load following a chronic stress protocol was assessed in European sea bass • Our broad approach shows that osmoregulatory functions are the most sensitive • Measures taken individually can be misleading when evaluating welfare in aquaculture • Multiple endpoints are needed to properly assess health and welfare in aquaculture [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Calibrating Accelerometer Tags with Oxygen Consumption Rate of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Their Use in Aquaculture Facility: A Case Study.
- Author
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Zupa, Walter, Alfonso, Sébastien, Gai, Francesco, Gasco, Laura, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Lembo, Giuseppe, and Carbonara, Pierluigi
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RAINBOW trout , *OXYGEN consumption , *FISH farming , *ANAEROBIC metabolism , *AEROBIC metabolism , *AQUACULTURE - Abstract
Simple Summary: Measuring metabolic rates in free-swimming fish would provide valuable insights about the energetic costs of different life activities this is challenging to implement in the field due to the difficulty of performing such measurements. Thus, the calibration of acoustic transmitters with the oxygen consumption rate (MO2) could be promising to counter the limitations observed in the field. In this study, calibrations were performed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and a subsample of fish was implanted with such a transmitter and then followed under aquaculture conditions. The use of acoustic transmitters calibrated with MO2 appeared to be a promising tool to estimate energetic costs in free-swimming rainbow trout, and for welfare assessment in the aquaculture industry. Metabolic rates are linked to the energetic costs of different activities of an animal's life. However, measuring the metabolic rate in free-swimming fish remains challenging due to the lack of possibilities to perform these direct measurements in the field. Thus, the calibration of acoustic transmitters with the oxygen consumption rate (MO2) could be promising to counter these limitations. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792; n = 40) were challenged in a critical swimming test (Ucrit) to (1) obtain insights about the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism throughout electromyograms; and (2) calibrate acoustic transmitters' signal with the MO2 to be later used as a proxy of energetic costs. After this calibration, the fish (n = 12) were implanted with the transmitter and were followed during ~50 days in an aquaculture facility, as a case study, to evaluate the potential of such calibration. Accelerometer data gathered from tags over a long time period were converted to estimate the MO2. The MO2 values indicated that all fish were reared under conditions that did not impact their health and welfare. In addition, a diurnal pattern with higher MO2 was observed for the majority of implanted trout. In conclusion, this study provides (1) biological information about the muscular activation pattern of both red and white muscle; and (2) useful tools to estimate the energetic costs in free-ranging rainbow trout. The use of acoustic transmitters calibrated with MO2, as a proxy of energy expenditure, could be promising for welfare assessment in the aquaculture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Evaluation of the Effects of the Enriched-Organic Diets Composition on European Sea Bass Welfare through a Multi-Parametric Approach.
- Author
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Carbonara, Pierluigi, Zupa, Walter, Bitetto, Isabella, Alfonso, Sébastien, Dara, Mariano, and Cammarata, Matteo
- Subjects
EUROPEAN seabass ,MUSCLE growth ,SEA basses ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,DIET ,FISH oils ,LYSOZYMES ,WEIGHT gain - Abstract
Three groups of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were fed for seven months, with either a conventional diet or two different organic diets, which contain organic vegetables and a natural antioxidant compound. The two organic diets differed themselves in terms of raw proteins, fish oil, and lipid contents. Sea bass welfare condition was assessed in relation to these three diets, using 16 different indicators. These were: swimming activity (recovery test, muscle activity), haematological and serological stress indicators (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red-blood-cell count, cortisol, glucose, lactate), aspecific immunity parameter (lysozyme), indicators of exposure to organic contaminants (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and glutathione-S-transferase), and growth parameters (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and hepato-somatic index). Most of these parameters individually did not give consistent responses, but their integration can provide an accurate evaluation of the fish welfare conditions among the three diet experimental groups. The multiparametric approach outlined a comprehensive picture of sea bass physiological state. The principal component analysis and the multi-criteria-decision-analysis were found to be useful tools for an integrated fish welfare assessment, highlighting that the best welfare condition was achieved in the experimental group fed with the protein-rich organic diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Spatial distribution and activity patterns as welfare indicators in response to water quality changes in European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax.
- Author
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Alfonso, Sébastien, Sadoul, Bastien, Cousin, Xavier, and Bégout, Marie-Laure
- Subjects
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EUROPEAN seabass , *WATER quality , *WATER quality management , *SOCIAL cohesion , *STANDARDIZED tests , *TRANQUILIZING drugs - Abstract
• Groups of fish were exposed to acute stressors (Hypoxia, Hyperoxia, High ammonia). • Behavior was recorded both during stress condition and following stress. • All stress conditions induce a decrease in activity, thigmotaxis and group cohesion. • Novel tank diving test was validated for welfare assessment in European sea bass. • Activity, thigmotaxis and group cohesion are sensitive welfare indicators. In aquaculture, fish are exposed to unavoidable stressors that can be detrimental for their health and welfare. However, welfare in farmed fish can be difficult to assess, and, so far, no standardized test has been universally accepted as a welfare indicator. This work contributes to the establishment of behavioural welfare indicators in a marine teleost in response to different water quality acute stressors. Groups of ten fish were exposed to high Total Ammonia Nitrogen concentration (High TAN, 18 mg.L-1), Hyperoxia (200 % O 2 saturation), Hypoxia (20 % O 2 saturation), or control water quality (100% O 2 saturation and TAN < 2.5 mg.L-1) over 1 hour. Fish were then transferred in a novel environment for a group behaviour test under the same water quality conditions over 2 hours. Videos were recorded to assess thigmotaxis, activity and group cohesion. After this challenge, plasma cortisol concentration was measured in a subsample, while individual behavioural response was measured in the other fish using novel tank diving test. Prior to this study, the novel tank diving test was validated as a behavioural challenge indicative of anxiety state, by using nicotine as anxiolytic drug. Overall, all stress conditions induced a decrease in activity and thigmotaxis and changes in group cohesion while only fish exposed to Hypoxia and High TAN conditions displayed elevated plasma cortisol concentrations. In post -stress condition, activity was still affected but normal behaviour was recovered within the 25 minutes of the test duration. Our work suggests that the activity, thigmotaxis and group cohesion are good behavioural indicators of exposure to degraded water quality, and could be used as standardized measures to assess fish welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Calibrating accelerometer data, as a promising tool for health and welfare monitoring in aquaculture: Case study in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in conventional or organic aquaculture
- Author
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Giuseppe Lembo, Maria Dioguardi, Sébastien Alfonso, Maria Teresa Spedicato, Walter Zupa, Matteo Cammarata, Mirella Vazzana, Mariano Dara, Pierluigi Carbonara, Carbonara, Pierluigi, Alfonso, Sébastien, Dioguardi, Maria, Zupa, Walter, Vazzana, Mirella, Dara, Mariano, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Lembo, Giuseppe, and Cammarata, Matteo
- Subjects
Healt, aquaculture, organic, Dicentrarchus ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Welfare ,SH1-691 ,Physiological telemetry ,Aquatic Science ,Aquaculture ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,Accelerometer data ,Sea bass ,Physiological stress ,Prior - feeding ,media_common ,Organic aquaculture ,biology ,business.industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Fishery ,Critical swimming speed Ucrit ,Environmental science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dicentrarchus ,business ,Muscle activity - Abstract
Both the conventional and organic aquaculture sectors have grown rapidly over the past few years. Moreover, welfare has attracted increased attention on the part of both consumers and governments. However, fish welfare assessment is complex and thus needs to adapt measurements that are easily applicable to aquaculture conditions. In this study, in addition to classical welfare indicator measurements (physiological stress indicators and growth performance), we recorded the swimming activity data using acoustic transmitters to evaluate the welfare of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed a conventional vs. an organic diet. Prior feeding trial, the swimming activity recorded by tag has been calibrated with water speed during critical swimming speed (Ucrit) tests. This calibration allowed us to increase the power of the recorded data, providing information on swimming activity with respect to the Ucrit value and on the metabolic cost of swimming. After a four-month experimental period, physiological stress indicators and growth performance did not differ significantly between the two diet groups. However, we observed a subtle difference in swimming activity: the fish in the organic diet group were more active during the feeding period in the morning. All indicators considered, our results suggest that an organic diet does not incur higher metabolic costs and does not affect the welfare of the European sea bass. Moreover, this study shows that the use of acoustic transmitters previously calibrated with physiological indicators, such as Ucrit, is a promising tool for welfare monitoring in aquaculture conditions.
- Published
- 2021
9. Evaluation of the Effects of the Enriched-Organic Diets Composition on European Sea Bass Welfare through a Multi-Parametric Approach
- Author
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Isabella Bitetto, Walter Zupa, Sébastien Alfonso, Pierluigi Carbonara, Mariano Dara, Matteo Cammarata, Carbonara, Pierluigi, Zupa, Walter, Bitetto, Isabella, Alfonso, Sébastien, Dara, Mariano, and Cammarata, Matteo
- Subjects
Protein efficiency ratio ,media_common.quotation_subject ,organic ,Ocean Engineering ,Biology ,Feed conversion ratio ,European sea ba ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,multiparametric approach ,medicine ,Sea bass ,030304 developmental biology ,Water Science and Technology ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,muscle activity ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Fish oil ,biology.organism_classification ,welfare ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Dicentrarchus ,Composition (visual arts) ,medicine.symptom ,Welfare ,Weight gain - Abstract
Three groups of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were fed for seven months, with either a conventional diet or two different organic diets, which contain organic vegetables and a natural antioxidant compound. The two organic diets differed themselves in terms of raw proteins, fish oil, and lipid contents. Sea bass welfare condition was assessed in relation to these three diets, using 16 different indicators. These were: swimming activity (recovery test, muscle activity), haematological and serological stress indicators (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red-blood-cell count, cortisol, glucose, lactate), aspecific immunity parameter (lysozyme), indicators of exposure to organic contaminants (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and glutathione-S-transferase), and growth parameters (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and hepato-somatic index). Most of these parameters individually did not give consistent responses, but their integration can provide an accurate evaluation of the fish welfare conditions among the three diet experimental groups. The multiparametric approach outlined a comprehensive picture of sea bass physiological state. The principal component analysis and the multi-criteria-decision-analysis were found to be useful tools for an integrated fish welfare assessment, highlighting that the best welfare condition was achieved in the experimental group fed with the protein-rich organic diet.
- Published
- 2020
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