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In field experiments, increase the quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fp), the Rfd-values (the chlorophyll fluorescence vitality indices) and the content of photosynthetic pigments in wheat leaves at pretreatment of wheat seeds with solutions of citrate nanoparticles has been shown. The green weight of plants at bacterial and phytoplasmas infecting at pretreatment with solutions of citrate nanoparticles, was increase, than without pre-treatment, in order: GeNPs>ISe> SeNPs>VNPs as it has been shown. The Fv/Fp-values in leaves infected with phytoplasmas of plants at pretreatment of VNPs or I-Se solutions were more, than without pretreatment. The Fv/Fp-value in leafs with bacterial infecting at pretreatment of GeNPs with compared to infected plants without pretreatment was increased has been shown. The Rfd-value in leaves at pre-sowing treatment of GeNPs or I-Se and bacterial infecting compared to infected plants without the pr-treatment was more has been shown. This value at infected plants with phytoplasmas at pretreatment of GeNPs or VNPs, compared to infected plants without pretreatment, was increased. In greenhouse experiments, Fv/Fp-values of plants leaves infected of phytoplasmas, bacteria and wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) at pre-treatment of solutions of citrate nanoparticles compared to infected plants without pretreatment has been increased. The pretreatment with nanoparticles GeNPs caused grain production by 15.6% increased has been shown. The weight grains/10 in plants on variant with pretreatment with Ge nanoparticles (with consortium of soil microorganism) and bacterial infecting were more, than without pretreatment has been shown. The weight grains/10 in plants on variant at pre-treatment of plants of nanoparticles solution and infected with phytoplasmas compared to infected plants without the pre-treatment increased in order: GeNPs>I-Se>VNPs>SeNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of pre-sowing seed treatments of selenium nanocitrates (SeNPs) and application of soil formed microorganism consortium (biological preparation (BP) Extrakon) on wheat plants infected with wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) were investigated in greenhouse and fields conditions in 2018-2019 (on territories of Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of NASU). The pre-sowing seed treatments of 1% selenium nanocitrates (SeNPs) with application of BP Extrakon initiating the growth of juvenile wheat in laboratory experiments were found. In the field experiment on variants of WSMV-infected plants, two weeks after inoculation (tillering stage), we observed the appearance of characteristic symptoms of yellow mosaic with intermittent strokes on the leaves. In the boot phase, a lag in the growth of WSMV-infected plants compared with intact plants was already clearly visible, which was confirmed by the ELISA test. It was shown, increase of the quantum efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fp) of WSMV-infected plants at pre-sowing treatment of 1% SeNPs and application of microbial consortium (BP Extrakon) compared with virus-infected plants without treatment. In plant tissue of all experimental variants increase activity of superoxide dismutase was shown. It was shown more significant increase of the SODactivity on the variant of WSMV-infected plants with application of BP Extrakon and SeNPs. Estimation of 1000-grain weight and grain productivity confirmed the effectiveness of the combined use of BP Extrakon with pre-sowing treatment of SeNPs on both intact and WSMV-infected plants. Thus, mixed application both SeNPs pre-sowing treatment and adding in soil of soil forming microbial consortium has a bio protective effect on wheat plants enhancing the resistance of plants cells to viral damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron microscope investigations have revealed disintegration of the cell wall of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens and subsequent killing of bacterial cells after application of 1% solutions of the citrates of Ag-Cu nanoparticles, the complex Co-Cu-Zn-Fe-Mn-Mo-Mg (Avatar-1) and iodine-selenium. In field conditions, it was revealed that pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with the aforementioned 1% solutions significantly inhibited the development of basal glume rot in cereals with artificial infection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens. Consequently, reduction of the typical symptoms of basal glume rot of cereals and the percentage of isolated cells of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens D13 were detected in wheat plants upon pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds by experimental biocides. These results can be explained by structural changes in the bacterial cells of the pathogen that lead to reduction of viable forms of bacteria due to damage of both the cell wall and internal contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]