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Abstract In this article, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilized by natural whey protein concentrate (WPC) and microparticulated whey protein (MWP) and their mixtures with xanthan gum (XG) were prepared to investigate the lipid oxidative stability of O/W emulsions with the same interfacial composition but different interfacial structures. High-performance size exclusion chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy were used to reveal the differences in the structures of natural whey protein and the microparticulated whey proteins (MWP, pH 3.5–8.5). Dispersions of the proteins (70% w/w) and XG (30% w/w) were mixed to prepare the mixtures (protein-XG). Emulsions of 60% peanut oil that were stabilized by the proteins and the protein-XG mixtures were subjected to oxidation. In addition, the peroxide values (PVs) were measured to evaluate the oxidative stability of each emulsion. The MWP(pH 4.5)-XG and MWP(pH 6.5)-XG-stabilized emulsions showed high oxidative stabilities that were not significantly different from each other. The results indicated that a single complex layer formed by the spherical protein microparticles and XG can better inhibit the lipid oxidation of O/W emulsions than a double layer. This study has significant implications for the development of novel structures containing lipid phases that are susceptible to oxidation. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • The interfacial structure with same interfacial composition affected the emulsion oxidative stability. • XG addition inhibited the oxidation rate of protein-stabilized emulsions. • Single complex layers formed by spherical protein microparticles-XG inhibit the emulsion lipid oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, superfine grinding and microparticulation were employed to increase the hydrophobicity of whey protein concentrate (WPC), which was investigated using 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid. WPC-stabilized emulsions containing 40% and 80% (w/w) oil showed smaller average droplet size when superfine grinding-treated WPC (sWPC) and microparticulated protein (MPP) were used than when WPC was used. The micro-rheology of the emulsions was measured upon diffusing wave spectroscopy; results showed that MPP can form stable emulsions. Moreover, the solid liquid balance of the emulsions significantly decreased from 0.87 to 0.38, with changing states from liquid to solid. The Turbiscan Stability Indexes of sWPC and MPP significantly reduced from 15.23 to 13.58 and 1.17, respectively. The operations of superfine grinding and microparticulation rendered WPC into an ingredient with excellent emulsifying properties. Thus, this ingredient can be utilized in both reduced-fat and high-fat food applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emulsion micro-gels exhibit significant potential as functional ingredients for modifying food texture, replacing saturated fats, or serving as templates for the controlled release of bioactive compounds. Structural design principles are being applied more frequently to develop innovative emulsion micro-gels. In this paper, whey protein concentrate (WPC), κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate (SA) were utilized for preparing emulsion micro-gels. To reveal the regulation mechanism of the structural and physicochemical properties of emulsion micro-gels on lipid digestion, the influence of SA additions on the structural, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion behavior of κ-carrageenan/WPC-based emulsion micro-gel were explored. The FTIR results suggest that the emulsion micro-gels are formed through non-covalent interactions. With the increase of SA addition (from 0.7 g/100 mL to 1.0 g/100 mL), the decreased mean droplet size, the increased hardness, elasticity indexes, and water holding capacity, the reduced the related peak times all indicated that the emulsion micro-gels exhibit enhanced rheological, stability, and mechanical properties. It can be concluded from the microstructure, particle size distribution of the emulsion micro-gels during simulated digestion and free fatty acid release that both κ -carrageenan/WPC-based emulsion micro-gel and κ -carrageenan/WPC/SA-based emulsion micro-gel can inhibit lipid digestion due to the ability to maintain structural stability and hindering the penetration of bile salts and lipase through the hydrogel networks. And the ability is regulated by the binding properties the gel matrix and oil droplets, which determine the structure and physicochemical properties of emulsion micro-gels. The research suggested that the structure of emulsion micro-gels can be modified to produce various lipid digestion profiles. It may be significant for certain practical application in the design of low-fat food and controlled release of bioactive agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]