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This paper presents a hybrid model constituting dynamic smoothing technique and particle swarm optimization techniques to optimally size and control battery energy storage systems for wind energy ramp rate control and power system frequency performance enhancement. In today's modern power system, a high-proportion renewable energy grid is inevitable. This high-proportion renewable energy grid is a power system with abundant integration of renewable energy resources under the presence of energy storage tools. Energy storage tools are integrated into such power systems to balance the fluctuation and intermittence of renewable energy sources. One of the requirements in a high-proportion renewable energy grid is the fractional power balance between generation and load. One of the requirements set by power system regulators is the generation variation between two time points. A power producer is mandated to satisfy the ramp rate requirement set by the grid owner. This paper proposes dynamic smoothing techniques for initial size determination and particle swarm optimization based on optimal sizing and control of battery energy storage systems for ramp rate control and frequency regulation performance of a power system integrated with a large percentage of wind energy systems. Wind energy data taken from Zhangjiakou wind farm in China are used. The results indicate that the battery energy storage system improves the ramp rate characteristics of the wind farm. In addition, the virtual inertia capability of the battery energy storage system enabled the transient and steady-state frequency response of the test power system to improve significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's modern power system, the proportion of renewable energy generation is increasing. The inherent frequent variability of these energy sources creates a power balance and frequency stability problem within the power system. Planning energy storage technologies for the mitigation of this fluctuation requires an analysis of large datasets whose competition is difficult as it increases the computation burden due to the increased variable size of the dataset. The generation of wind energy scenarios based on two notable wind energy generation characteristics and the use of representative data for the generated scenarios is proposed for the optimal sizing of energy storage tools. The IEEE-30 bus system with a one year hourly average wind data of the Northern Ireland wind resource was considered for the sizing of a pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) system. Fifteen data sets were generated and used in the emission constrained optimal sizing process using code written in MATLAB R2017a and particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used as the searching algorithm. The result proves that data grouping based on the combined average and variation method gives a better optimal storage size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]