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The article has the objective of reconstructing the different conceptualizations about the knowledge of work in Argentina, in recent times. The methodological design adopted is of a qualitative-descriptive type that develops a bibliographic and documentary review, aimed at finding relationships and meanings between different conceptual and legislative contributions on the subject, from the 1990s to the present. The conclusions indicate that the idea of knowledge for work is not neutral, rather, it implies understanding it in connection with social, political and economic dimensions, within the framework of certain education models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We draw on Current Population Survey data to analyze the spatial wage gap among women. [•] Metro women earn 17% more per hour than nonmetro women. [•] Nonmetro women earn less than women who live in both central cities and other metro areas. [•] As women’s education increases, the spatial wage gap increases. [•] Nonmetro women with college degrees are crowded into lower-paying occupations and industries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Skills are key to improving economic performance at individual and macro levels. [•] Education and training is the key to improving skills. [•] Projections can help ensure education and training delivers the right skills. [•] Systematic anticipation of the future can help inform career choices and decisions. [•] But education is not just about preparing people for work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time allocation of children and adolescents is widely discussed in international academic literature, especially time allocation in work activities. This specific work intends to contribute in the debate about factors historically associated with children and adolescents work in Brazil, bringing arguments linked to different analytical perspectives -- household economics, life course theory and economic sociology -- by testing a series of derivate hypothesis. Empirically, the data used were the PNAD -- Pesquisa Nacional por Amostragem Domiciliar -- the brazilian annual national household survey, conducted by IBGE -- Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística -- available between 1988-2005, selecting the children aged 10-15 years. With a series of descriptive statistics, we explored the extensive dataset with a closer look to differences and similarities between the four possible time-allocation categories -- just work, school and work, just school, and neither one of the two -- and with a multinomial logit regression modeling proposal we tried to measure the level of association of children and adolescents to time-allocation categories according to specific variables assumed as proxy for testing the intended hypothesis. The main results shows ascendant concentration - at the end of the period, an almost exclusive one - of individuals that worked at this age group in the category school and work; high association of children's time allocation in work activities and a family history of early work; the crescent association between occupied mothers and fathers -- especially the mother -- and work activities; the great difference in the dynamics of historically associated factors to time allocation in the conjugation of school and work and just in work activities. This work registers a social phenomenon that had clearly and profoundly changed, in terms of associated factors, over the analyzed period; besides, shows how diverse are the scenario of associated factors to children and adolescents allocation of time in work activities in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is organized in accordance with 7 questions which statements come from a mix of knowledge, beliefs and general "common sense" doubts about the relation between education and work. The answers provided come from an exhaustive analysis of the research done in Mexico since the 80's, taking also in consideration research conducted in other countries that help to clarify the answers that are currently offered. 1. More schooling, better jobs? Better income? Bigger economic development? 2. Is it true that the schooling system doesn't measure up, both in quantity and quality, to the needs of the labour market? 3. Who plans the country's process of work training? 4. How are Mexico's schooling growth and diversification related to the labour market's heterogeneous growth and transformations? 5. How equitable and how good is the process of work training? 6. How do different population groups live the process of work training? 7. Where's the better place to learn how to work? Is it school? The workplace? Some points are stressed: the emphasis given in the educational policy to the causal role of education in the country's economic development and improvement in the population's life conditions; the dominant idea of education circumscribed to the school system and to quantitative indicators; the fact that educational research has shown this relation in a linear way and it opens up a complex space for relations and multiple significance between two autonomous fields, education and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the nature and significance of learning by experience during work, both paid and unpaid. Data about the relationship between costs, especially labour costs, and output have come to be interpreted as evidence of learning by experience, but these grouped data are unable to explain the nature and process of individual experience or learning. Direct and detailed evidence from recent case studies, analysed using theories of the open employment contract and continuous cognitive reformulation, illustrates an active, reiterative relationship between work and learning that generates productivity. The analysis of individual behaviour modifies concepts and theories of human capital and mobility, and also has wider implications for economic and social theories, and for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the topic of spiritual injury and the possible influences and relationships it might share with education-to-work transitions of young adults. Students of both dominant and minority cultural backgrounds were interviewed to gain a detailed understanding of how perceptions of transitions came about. Further, I sought to understand what role spirituality and experiences of spirit injury have in the decision-making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of informal learning and work has quickly become a staple in contemporary work and adult learning research internationally. The narrow conceptualization of work is briefly challenged before the article turns to a review of the historical origins as well as contemporary theories and methods involved in researching informal learning and work. I review leading theoretical models by Livingstone, Eraut and Illeris, and summarize established methods in terms of case study, ethnographic and interview approaches, survey approaches and situated micro-analytic approaches. I argue that no single theoretical model or methodological approach has yet established dominance, and that these models and methods largely speak to distinctive, not wholly incompatible, features of the phenomena in question. I argue this suggests the potential for cross-fertilization of ideas is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the results of an investigation carried out in public university in Cali (Colombia), using about 30 different- careers-students' representations and actions on employability. It was based on a similar study performed in Brazil. A questionnaire was applied and the content analysis technique was used to interpret data. It was found that students' actions are closely connected to modality of employment. At the same time, they investigate about environment and organizational demands. The subjects emphasized the network establishment and work experience before being graduated as fundamental; the learning of a second language and aesthetic aspects such as the personal presentation remain in the background. They related the fact of being employable with capacities, abilities and knowledge allowing a person to accede to a job. Finally, there are differences among careers and network establishment, the execution of practices before graduation, and expanding the field of action by complementary studies, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing is a situated activity. Adopting a practice-based approach, this article describes a workplace characterized by technologically dense practices as a setting in which human actors and technological objects work "together." The case of remote cardiological consultation is paradigmatic of how information and communication technologies (ICT) enter workplaces and reshape them as "systems of fragmented knowledge:" that is, learning settings in which people, symbols, and technologies work jointly to construct and reconstruct understanding of social and organizational action. Working at a distance, therefore, requires the acquisition of skills relative to the mobilization of fragmented knowledge, and the latter's alignment into a fully-fledged work practice. Knowing-in-practice is accomplished by discursive practices: Framing and postscripting, as practices that generate a "space" of signification for the subsequent action; footing, as the dialectic that enables people to align themselves within a predetermined frame and disrupt its coordinates; and delegation to the nonhuman, as the ability of humans to delegate the performance of clinical practice to nonhuman systems, which come to be regarded as active subjects within the remote consultation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first aim of this article is to present a characterization of the techno-mathematical literacies needed for effective practice in modern, technology-rich workplaces that are both highly automated and increasingly focused on flexible response to customer needs. The second aim is to introduce an epistemological dimension to activity theory, specifically to the notions of boundary object and boundary crossing. We draw on ethnographic research in a pensions company and focus on data derived from detailed analysis of the diverse perspectives that exist with respect to one symbolic artifact, the annual pension statement. This statement is designed to facilitate boundary crossing between company and customers. Our study shows that the statement routinely failed in this communicative role, largely due to the invisible factors of the mathematical-financial models underlying the statement that are not made visible to customers or to the customer Enquiry Team whose task is to communicate with customers. By focusing on this artifact in boundary-crossing situations, we identify and elaborate the nature of the techno-mathematical knowledge required for effective communication between different communities in the pensions company, and suggest the implications of our findings for workplaces more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the facilitation of the school-to-work transition in Romania. School-to-work transition is defined generally as a process consisting of three separate but interrelated stages: preparation through education and training, actual transition, and outcomes in the labor market. This article focuses on the first stage within the Romanian arts and trades school (ATS), a vocational route that prepares students for the labor market and/or further education. The ATS was implemented in the Romanian educational system as an extension of compulsory schooling beginning with the 2003-2004 school year.

The article focuses on training in education and in business, and finding a balance between the two in the factories of Tijuana, Mexico. The articulation between school and work is discussed, as is the idea of the role of educational institutions in career preparation training. It is said that educational institutions have an important, but limited role in the transmission of work-related knowledge. The growth of industry in Tijuana and its reliance on productivity is explored, as well as its effect on the educational offerings and the labor market.

This article explores two related topics: the recent effects of women in Spain entering the labour market and the current transformation of time management at home and at work. There are important movements in both fields with correlating consequences. These changes will greatly affect the role of women in our society determining the quality and evolution of not only women's lives, but also of our society in general. This article discusses some basic questions about time management and its impact on people's lives, the important changes in the culture and work of women in the last two decades and the transformations in the management of work time with specific attention given to its effects on women and domestic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]