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"Between God and Hitler: Military Chaplains in Nazi Germany" by Doris Bergen is a comprehensive study of the role of chaplains in the Wehrmacht during World War II. The book explores the circumstances in which chaplains operated, including the destructive violence of the German military and the persecution and killing of millions of people. The author investigates why chaplains did not object to the atrocities committed by the Nazis and argues that they legitimized the ideology and individuals responsible for genocide. The book also examines how chaplains sought to strengthen their position within the Nazi regime and how they continued to manipulate narratives after the war. The study sheds light on the role of the Church and Christianity in the murder of six million Jews and highlights the need for further research on military chaplaincy. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When the Second World War broke out, Romania was undergoing in a rather difficult economic, political, military and especially diplomatic situation. Germany’s territorial expansion triggered the fall of the system of alliances Bucharest was relying on, given that France signed the armistice in April 1940. That is why the pressures exerted by Germany forced Romania’s entry under Berlin’s sphere of influence, an actual example being that the German Military Mission was sent into our country, with the clear purpose, among others, to take over oil resources and processing capacities in the Ploiești area. The act of 23 August 1944, through which Romania turned its weapons against Germany, with the clear intention of joining the United Nations, led to a state of confusion among Romanian and German troops deployed in Valea Prahovei. However, the dynamic orders of the Romanian General Staff were to annihilate any German resistance in the area, even by the force of arms, if needed. This mission was assigned to the 18th Oilfield Guard Detachment, commanded by Brigadier General Grigore Moșteoru. This large unit was subordinated to the 5th Territorial Army Corps, commanded by Major General Constantin Vasiliu-Rășcanu. The conclusion of this study illustrates the effort and heroism of Romanian troops, who annihilated, between 31 August and 1 September 1944, sometimes after heavy battles and human losses, any resistance of the German units who were thus forced to retreat to the North and lose all control over the oil resources in the Ploiești area. These aspects are highlighted from a military, economic and socio-historical perspective, by using the documentation technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even after the First World War, the British and German armies remained strongly influenced by Clausewitz, for whom personality rather than mass was the best means to reduce friction. This article explores how this was reflected in their military doctrine between the two world wars. The German regulations showed a clear alignment with Clausewitz's thinking. The British tended to focus on the characteristics Clausewitz had argued were necessary for the troops, rather than for their commanders. The campaigns of 1939/40 caused the Germans to place even greater emphasis on boldness, while the British focused on steadiness and caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Johnson begins with the crisis year 1918-1919 when a defeated Germany faced Bolshevik Russia in the east. Johnson argues, surely rightly, that historians have underestimated the importance of earlier collaboration with Germany in explaining who was targeted by the Stalin purges. Johnson, Ian Ona Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War, Oxford University Press: New York, NY, and Oxford, 2021; xvii + 350 pp.: 9780190675141, $29.95 hardback So much has been written about the origins, significance and consequences of the pact made between the Soviet Union and Germany in August 1939 that it is a bold historian who claims to have found anything left to say. [Extracted from the article]

The article "What is rarely in focus: Thoughts on the Second World War" by Wolfram Wallraf raises questions that are often neglected in the public memory of the Second World War. It argues that the war was not only a European conflict, but also had implications for East Asia, particularly China. China lost millions of soldiers and civilians and played a significant role in the defeat of the Axis powers. The article also examines the motives and relationships of the Axis powers Germany, Italy, and Japan, as well as the stance of the Western Allies towards the Soviet Union and Germany. The article describes the reactions of France and Great Britain to Germany's invasion of Poland and its impact on the Polish people. It is mentioned that the United States supported the Soviet Union with military supplies to tie down German military power in the East. The two-front war was delayed until the Soviet army successfully advanced in the East and the Allied landing in Normandy took place. The article also compares the leadership styles of Hitler and Stalin and describes their foreign policy goals. Finally, the conclusion of the Second World War is described, in which Japan unconditionally surrendered. [Extracted from the article]

Apart from million fold death and suffering, the battle of Stalingrad is also a testament to the failure of the military elite who did not oppose the criminal Nazi regime even when its unscrupulous actions were directed against subordinate soldiers and their own person. This happened upon the Volga not for the first and by far not the last time. On the contrary, Stalingrad was to become the writing on the wall for a German warfare that increasingly lacked military sensibility and ideological alternatives. In this respect, it is not completely without justification that today the historical place is generally regarded as a code for the turn of World War II in the European theatre. The efficacy of the Battle of Stalingrad in the German culture of remembrance has various causes. The course of military events was just one of them. In particular, because the German military planning and conduct of operations needs to be viewed with scepticism, the staging of the collapse of the 6th Army became all the more important. From the very beginning, "Stalingrad" was more of a "felt" turn of the war than an actual one. This was another reason why the perishing of an entire German army put the Nazi regime under pressure for an explanation which they wanted to solve primarily with pathos. The heroisation of "fighting to the last" worked surprisingly well until 1945 and was reflected in the Germans persevering until the end of the war despite the increasingly obvious defeat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity of the German Military Mission in Romania in 1940 consisted mainly of training the Romanian armed forces in accordance with the new techniques of war. The efficiency of this military mission was strongly reflected among the Romanian armed forces from the perspective of the Romanian soldier’s training and morale. These defining aspects are addressed in the present article, using the method of historiographical investigation and comparative analysis. The objective historical analysis of Romanian-German relations during the German Military Mission in Romania highlights a legal issue, because between the two countries there were no alliance treaties or military conventions as the legal basis for Romania’s participation alongside Germany in the war, most of the subordination of the Romanian armed forces to the German echelons of command being done by verbal agreement. At the same time, the German Military Mission had a dominant influence on the activities of the General Headquarters and the General Staff, minimising their responsibilities for the design and command of the Romanian armed forces in the theatre of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kulturstudier is the property of Dansk Historisk Faellesraad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Military sociology in Germany showed itself in the studies after the Second World War, and as in most countries of the world, American sociological models formed the basis of early German Military Sociology. In particular, the work of Janowitz and Huntington has had a significant impact on German Military Sociology. In addition, research centers funded by the German Armed Forces and publicly-funded foundations, often affiliated with a German political party, carried out military sociological research at certain times. The studies carried out in these centers were not limited to applied research on urgent military problems, but also basic, theory-oriented research on the relationship between the army and society. In this article, the foundational motives, academic institutionalization adventure and basic methodological and theoretical orientation of German Military Sociology are examined. In addition, compared to its Anglo-Saxon counterpart, inadequacies of German Military Sociology through the eyes of German military sociologists are discussed. This study aims to contribute to military sociology studies, which are few in number in Turkish literature. It is also evaluated that along with the American Military Sociology, German Military Sociology can also offer an alternative for research in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Second, it shows that the violence in these German military brothels existed within a broader framework of pervasive and ongoing sexualized violence that accompanied German occupation, which impacted all aspects of the German occupation regime in Rostov-on-Don. After this, soldiers waited in the main floor hall until a woman was available, at which point they would accompany them upstairs to the woman's assigned "cabinet."[24] Voronina reported that there were sometimes brawls involving soldiers in the downstairs hall, but that the commandant quickly calmed the men down.[25] As soon as one soldier left, a woman would immediately proceed to her next client. "In her work at the casino", Voronina explained, "she saw the only hope of escape from physical torture and begged [that I] help her get a job as a 'waitress.'" Knowing how the "waitresses" at the "casino" were treated, Voronina worked hard to calm the girl down and convince her not to work in the brothel.[69] Fear of deportation for forced labor seems to have been the animating motivation for many Rostov residents to volunteer to work in the city. On Christmas Eve 1942, in the Russian city of Rostov-on-Don, a soldiers' brothel opened its doors for business.[2] Set up and run by the occupying German army (the Wehrmacht), this establishment provided military men a place to pay for a brief sexual encounter with a local woman. [Extracted from the article]

During the Second World War, in 1941–1944, Nazi German troops held the frontal responsibility of the Arctic front in Finnish Lapland. In this paper, we present the first zooarchaeological study of the wartime faunal remains from German military camps in Lapland. This illustrates the supply situation of both the German soldiers and their multinational prisoners. The official military supply was substantially supplemented with local food sources, namely, with the local semi‐domesticated reindeer that dominates the bone assemblage. Bones of cattle, ovicaprines, and pig occur in lower numbers and appear to represent the German long‐distance supply chain stretching from the Mediterranean to the Arctic Ocean. The remains of reindeer and wild species remind of the close interactions with locals and of the prisoners' hunting activities to supplement their meager diet. Even if the reindeer bones dominate both the soldiers' and prisoners' faunal assemblages, there are notable differences in the body parts, with bones from meatier portions always found in the soldiers' food waste. Besides highlighting a tension between the military supply and everyday demands, the faunal remains can draw attention to wider anthropological questions that reach beyond the information available in historical documents, such as adaptations into an alien northern environment. This emphasizes the importance of zooarchaeological analyses of recent past faunal materials from superficially familiar contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As soon as the German military authority established temporary administration for the occupied Polish area in September 1939, its main administrative centre was located in Łódź. The decision was made in accordance with Hitler's will in order to degrade the status of Warsaw. Łódź was the headquarters of Chief of Administration Hans Frank, who was personally appointed by Hitler and later, after 26 October, became Governor-General. His headquarters still remained in Łódź after the establishment of the General Government (at the end of October and at beginning of November). It was there that he made his firsts decisions concerning the entire area of the General Government. Hans Frank only moved to Krakow on 7 November. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi is the property of Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Yet the fact that the defeat of Nazi Germany could only be achieved at the expense of millions of anonymous workers from east of the Urals has been all but ignored not only by Western audiences but even in the official Soviet (and later Russian) narrative of the war. Operation I Barbarossa i , Nazi Germany's attack on the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, is without a doubt one of the most momentous events of the 20th century. They considered the war they fought a continuation of the 1939/40 Winter War, rather than a new war that was fully in line with Germany's aims. [Extracted from the article]

Bastiaan Willems' impressive new study examines the Wehrmacht's contribution to the suffering of civilians in Germany itself during the war's final months. Yet Wehrmacht forces in East Prussia in 1945, from senior command levels down to the rank and file, were dismissive of civilian needs and subordinated them to the dictates of "military necessity". Willems begins by examining East Prussia's broader experience under the Third Reich, emphasizing, among other things, the region's long tradition of animosity towards "the East". [Extracted from the article]

Public security is caused by various factors: from crime prevention to global security needs. Public security includes public relations regarding liquidation of dangerous consequences for human health and lives caused by criminal offences and natural disasters and elimination of reasons causing such consequences. According to A. Maslow, security is a primal need arising after struggle for survival; thus, other needs can be satisfied only after meeting the security need. The First and the Second World Wars as well as dislocation places of Russian military forces are the main reasons of Lithuanian territories contamination with explosives. Military conflicts and armed struggle are key factors in discussion regarding contaminated territories all over the world. Lithuanian territories contamination with explosives has been still a relevant problem because news is coming in of human encountering explosives remaining from war that was 70 year ago. These findings are threatening public security, health and life. Danger to security occurs due to the fact that explosives can be hit while digging ground and sometimes people do not recognize explosives or think that they are not dangerous. These thoughts can be denied by the numbers of dead or injured people, who treated war findings without precaution. Therefore, the aim of this article -- to discuss influence of contaminated territories with explosives on public security. In order to do this, the following objectives are identified: to discuss the concept of explosives and the risk to public; to describe the relevance of the problem in other countries in the world; to estimate the relevance of the problem of contamination with explosives in Kaunas city and Kaunas district. In order to discuss the danger of remaining explosives from war to public, concepts of explosive and explosions are described as well as danger of unexploded ordnances and their occurrences in Kaunas city and Kaunas district. These territories were chosen due to the fact that battles of the First and the Second World Wars took place more or less in these territories; in addition, separate German military troops and Russian military forces were dislocated there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Prussian tradition in Ottoman military modernization began with Captain Helmuth von Moltke. Approximately a century after the activities of the delegation headed by Helmuth von Moltke in the Ottoman army, advisors from Germany were re-assigned by the Republic of Turkey at various levels of the army. Compared to previous military delegations, German consultants, whose duties were limited to lecturing at military academies on paper, resigned from their official duties in Germany. They have signed special agreements with the Turkish Armed Forces that do not bind their own countries and military institutions, and have served in Turkey for a wage higher than the salary they earned in their country. Between 1925 and 1939, apart from the military attachés in the German embassies in Turkey, 36 German served in Turkish Military and Naval War Schools. Among these, Hilmar von Mittelberger is the most prominent name with his works that he left behind in a short period of 7 years, with his last position in Germany with the rank of lieutenant general. The German general, who returned to his country with the beginning of the Second World War, attended the talks about Turkey at the headquarters of his country's general staff, where he informed the generals of the German army about Turkey's defense power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period immediately following the Second World War, during which Germany was occupied by the four victorious Allies, fierce competition erupted between them over the spoils of German military science and technology. Among this four-power squabbling, the British and Soviet authorities engaged in a particularly desperate struggle, especially over recruitment of expert German personnel, which they felt might give them the edge in any future conflict. This article explores the policies which arose from this struggle and shows that the first act of the Cold War arms race played out most vividly amongst the ruins of the Third Reich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botulinum toxin is nowadays approved as an effective medication for various neurological disorders. The extreme toxicity of this toxin-inducing botulism, a severe lethal muscle-paralyzing illness, has been well known since the seminal works of the end of the 19th century. Because of this toxicity, botulinum toxin was one of the first agents to be considered for use as a biological weapon. The Second World War was a crucial period for the first attempts to weaponize this toxin even if many unknown factors about botulinum toxin still existed at the outbreak of the war. Using documents from the British National Archives and other published sources, we discuss the main points of the attempts to weaponize this toxin in German and Allied armies. During WW2, Allied intelligence services regularly reported a major German threat related to the potential use of botulinum toxin as a biological weapon, especially during the preparation of Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion to liberate Europe. All these reports would ultimately prove to be inaccurate: botulinum toxin was not part of the German military arsenal even if some German scientists tried to use the results of the French pre-war military research. Misinformation spread by intelligence services stimulated military research at Porton Down facilities in England and at Camp Detrick in the USA. These studies led to a succession of failures and myths about the weaponization of botulinum toxin. Nevertheless, major progress (purification, toxoid) arose from the military research, providing useful data for the first steps of the therapeutic use of botulinum toxin in the post-war years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why to go back to 1985 to discuss present-day key concerns of international relations from the perspective of World War II history during the Cold War? The May 5, 1985 Bitburg cemetery celebrations, when US president altogether with German chancellor (Helmut Kohl) paid tribute to WWII veterans (of both sides of the conflict) was an example of the Ronald Reagan administration's public relations fiasco: the "Great Communicator" failed to refer to WWII history in a manner that would save him from harsh criticism. Importantly, the 1985 debate concerning the Bitburg ceremony and the moral aspects of a homage to German (Axis) WWII soldiers gave an incentive to "Historikerstreit" in Germany, a dispute regarding WWII history in a manner comparable to Holocaust responsibility as a collective burden carried by Germans. The Bitburg cemetery, since the 1930s a monument (Kolmeshöhe Ehrenfriedhof) to WWI German military victims, and then to their younger colleagues during WWII (Wehrmacht and, controversially, Waffen-SS) remained a broadly commented upon focal point of Cold War disputes, allowing such questions that might bring about a possibility of ground-breaking change in present-day political rivalries caused by failed (or successful) Cold War propaganda related to WWII choices. The Bitburg case presents itself as a particularly illustrative one and could also shed more light on the post-Soviet Russian effort to increase its influence by relying on the myths of the "Great Patriotic War". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asia Minor Studies is the property of Asia Minor Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Following the end of World War II the U.S. Army Map Service distributed maps captured from the German military to research libraries across the United States, where they have remained largely hidden collections. One focus of the University of California Berkeley's German World War II captured maps digitization project has been the creation of detailed metadata for the German military map series. Data-rich catalog records with information about source maps and the need to do authority work for related corporate bodies provided entry points for exploring issues of provenance. The topographic map series that make up the bulk of this collection reflect the fragmentary nature of German cartographic history, with varying contributing corporate bodies, diverse source material, and a range of sophistication and technique. All of these characteristics evolved between 1936 and 1945 when the Nazi regime ramped up production of military maps. The authors make the case that it is worth the time and effort for libraries to invest in creating rich bibliographic descriptions for these map series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Crimen: Journal for Criminal Justice is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) is the property of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Armeegruppe “Heinrici”, i.e. army-sized military formation that was named after its commander, Colonel General Gotthard Heinrici, was later retitled to the 1st Panzer Army (1. Panzerarmee) when General Walther Nehring took its command. During 10 to 23 March 1945, the army was involved in the first phase of the Battle of Moravská Ostrava during which fought against 4th Ukrainian Front, Soviet army group, that opened offensive with its goal to defeat German forces and to break into central Moravia. Based on the newly gained pieces of information in documents of German Military Archives (Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv) that enable the access to the decision-making process of German command, the study tries to describe the course of the battle from the point of view of German forces and to answer the question why did the Soviets failed to fulfil their task despite their numerical superiority in men and in equipment. The reasons were that German command was aware of Soviets aims and even the exact time of offensive of 4th Ukrainian Front; they also concentrated their units in the main direction of Soviet advancement; and especially they were able to relocated their units according to the development at the battlefield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the restitution process that took place after 1945 in Czechoslovakia in relation to the property occupied in 1939-1945 in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia for the creation of German military exercise areas. They were supposed to be used for the Germanization of the Czech lands. To create these spaces, the Nazis abused the legal order of the Czechoslovak Republic from 1918 to 1938. The restitution process subject to this territory after 1945 was governed by the separate Directive of the Settlement Office and the National Renewal Fund of 2 December 1947. It was generally based on the principles contained in the Act No. 128/1946 Coll., on the invalidity of certain propertyright acts from the time of oppression and of some other intervention into property-rights, as amended by the Act No. 79/1948 Coll. This directive was, generally speaking, more favorable to restituents than analogous legal regulations. Attention is paid not only to the content of the Directive of 2 December 1947 and related legislation, but also to its application from the end of World War II to the present. The article also refers to the professional literature, which was devoted to the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism to the historical film "The Captain" directed by Robert Schwentke is presented. It mentions that the film is based on a German army deserter, who finds a Nazi captain's abandoned uniform during the final weeks of World War II. It also notes that he also takes command of a camp that holds German soldiers accused of desertion.

This article examines the detention of German prisoners of war in Canada between 1940 and 1945. More specifically, it examines Canada-UK relations regarding this wartime captivity. Relatively unexamined in historiography, relations between Ottawa and London concerning the treatment of enemy prisoners reveals the political dynamic existing between the two Commonwealth allies as the conflict progressed. Examining intra-Commonwealth relations surrounding the issue of German prisoners and its consequences allows us to highlight the interactions as the basis of this cooperation, and the constraints they imposed on the Canadian government. In so doing, the study shows that the position imposed by the War Office in London regarding its authority over the detention in Canada was strongly questioned by Canadian authorities. These authorities went so far as to reject certain British policies by invoking Canada's national sovereignty. The nationalism defended by the Mackenzie King government, that is the duality of the predominance of Canadian interests and Ottawa's contribution to the allied war effort, clearly influenced the Dominion's positions and its relations with Great Britain. Through discussions about the detention of German soldiers in Canada between 1940 and 1045, Canada's international status emerges as a central issue. Cet article examine la détention des prisonniers de guerre allemands au Canada entre 1940 et 1945. Plus précisément, l'analyse examine les relations canado-britanniques concernant cette captivité de guerre. Encore peu abordés par l'historiographie, les rapports entretenus entre Ottawa et Londres au sujet du traitement des captifs ennemis révèlent la dynamique politique présente entre les deux alliés du Commonwealth au fil du conflit. L'étude des relations intra-Commonwealth qui entourent la question des prisonniers allemands et des mesures qui en résultent permet de faire ressortir les interactions qui se trouvaient à la base de cette coopération de même que les contraintes qu'elles imposaient au gouvernement canadien. Ce faisant, elle montre que la position imposée par le War Office à Londres quant à son autorité sur la détention au Canada sera fortement remise en question par les autorités canadiennes. Ces dernières vont même jusqu'à refuser certaines politiques britanniques en invoquant la souveraineté nationale du Canada. Le nationalisme défendu par le gouvernement de Mackenzie King, c'est-à-dire la dualité entre la primauté des intérêts canadiens et la contribution d'Ottawa à l'effort de guerre allié, va clairement influencer les positions du dominion, ainsi que les rapports qu'il entretient avec la Grande-Bretagne. À travers les discussions entourant la détention des militaires allemands au Canada entre 1940 et 1945, le statut du Canada à l'international forme un enjeu central. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the successes and failures of the Axis alliance led by Germany in coalition warfare. Tactical and operational levels of the warfare; Effectiveness of the German-Romanian air defense system; Success of the Winter Warfare School established in Finland.

Examines the ideology and motivation that influenced average German soldiers to fight in defense of their country during the World War II. Satisfaction of certain primary personality demands afforded by the social organization of the army; Importance of ideology for a hard-core minority of fervent Nazis in the German Army; Belief in the good intentions of Hitler as a leader.

Expounds on the military historical background of the delay in the deployment of the V-2, the world's first ballistic missile developed by the German Army rocket program. Adolf Hitler's skepticism about the missile perceived to have had the ability to make a significant difference in the war; Disarray in the weapons procurement and priority systems of the war economy; Origins of the German Army Rocket program; Priority battle.

There are still a lot fewer academically sound studies German military leaders in World War I compared to those in World War II. Against this backdrop, the German Army, including the Army Group Crown Prince Rupprecht, maintained flexibility and innovation capacity through a diverse and open exchange of experiences, despite increasing control on all command levels. Jonathan Boff's biography on the Bavarian heir to the throne, Crown Prince Rupprecht, one of the most famous German military leaders in World War I, can thus be regarded as an important contribution closing this research gap. [Extracted from the article]

This article argues that Nazi ideology had a profound impact upon the German officer corps in the Second World War not just for their well-established complicity in criminal activity, but also in their approach to warfare. This article demonstrates that Nazi ideology radicalized pre-existing notions of the German military ethos and conceptions of war, leading to an often irrational world view in which impractical, and even impossible, military undertakings could be ‘rationally’ explained, accepted, and understood. At the same time, seventy years after the war, a National Socialist influence upon German military thinking has seldom been discussed in the proliferation of Anglo-American operational histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In both World Wars, the German armies enacted a prostitution policy in all the occupied territories of Western and Eastern Europe. Through a comparative study, this article uses archival research in Poland, France, Belgium and Germany as well as existing studies in five languages to examine the continuities and discontinuities in German prostitution policies between the Western and the Eastern territories during both wars. In exploring the question of continuity, we consider the interaction of local authorities with occupation forces and how prostitution policies in Western and Eastern countries differed from the German 'home front'. Strong continuities existed between the First and Second World War, including a severe backlash against the abolitionist trend in Europe and the extension of regulatory controls beyond the prostitutes to include other 'suspect' women, often justified by concerns over the spread of venereal diseases and public morality and health. Despite these continuities, prostitution policies were even more regressive during the Second World War, with the racial ideology of Nazism as the main trigger for the brutalisation of prostitution policies. German authorities pushed the system to greater extremes, overseeing its evolution from control to terror. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Deutsche Krieger. Vom Kaiserreich zur Berliner Republik - eine Militärgeschichte" by military historian Sönke Neitzel deals with the history of the German military from the time of the Kaiserreich to the present day. The focus is on the land forces, particularly the army. The book examines the political framework, the internal structure of the armed forces, and the practical level of the military. It shows that the continuity of the German military goes beyond the year 1945. The Bundeswehr of the Berlin Republic had to fight in Afghanistan, and soldiers once again saw themselves as archaic fighters. The author suggests that Germany should acknowledge itself as a civilian power in order to recognize the rupture in the relationship between Germans and the military after World War II. [Extracted from the article]