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1. Conservation of Moroccan manuscript papers aged 150, 200 and 800years. Analysis by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS)

Author

Maria Luísa Carvalho, Gilbert Mille, Latifa Hajji, Pierre Doumenq, Abdelali Kerbal, Jamal Assouik, Abdellatif Boukir, and Hamid Lakhiari

Subjects
Paper, Manuscripts as Topic, Time Factors, Chemistry, Scanning electron microscope, Atr ftir spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Infrared spectroscopy, History, 19th Century, History, 18th Century, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Morocco, X-Ray Diffraction, Alkaline reserve, Energy dispersive spectrometry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, X-ray crystallography, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Instrumentation, History, Ancient, Spectroscopy
Abstract

The preservation of manuscripts and archive materials is a serious problem for librarians and restorers. Paper manuscript is subjected to numerous degradation factors affecting their conservation state. This research represents an attempt to evaluate the conservation restoration process applied in Moroccan libraries, especially the alkaline treatment for strengthening weakened paper. In this study, we focused on six samples of degraded and restored paper taken from three different Moroccan manuscripts aged 150, 200 and 800 years. In addition, the Japanese paper used in restoration has been characterized. A modern paper was also analyzed as reference. A three-step analytical methodology based on infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) analysis was developed before and after restoration in order to determine the effect of the consolidation treatment on the paper structure. The results obtained by XRD and ATR-FTIR disclosed the presence of barium sulfate (BaSO4) in all restored paper manuscripts. The presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in all considered samples was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The application of de-acidification treatment causes significant changes connected with the increase of intensity mostly in the region 1426 cm−1, assigned to the asymmetric and symmetric C O stretching mode of calcite, indicating the effectiveness of de-acidification procedure proved by the rise of the alkaline reserve content allowing the long term preservation of paper. Observations performed by SEM magnify the typical paper morphology and the structure of fibbers, highlighting the effect of the restoration process, manifested by the reduction of impurities.

Published
2015

2. Forensic differentiation of paper by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy

Author

Valerio Causin, Luigi Ripani, Rosario Casamassima, Antonio Marigo, Giuseppe Peluso, and Carla Marega

Subjects
Forensic science, Questioned documents, Paper, Cellulose, Polymers, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Paper, Diffraction, Polymers, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Questioned documents, IR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, Forensic science, Cellulose, Law
Abstract

The possibility to discriminate between sheets of paper can be of considerable importance in questioned document examinations. 19 similar types of office paper were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to individuate the most discriminating features that could be measured by these techniques. The discriminating value associated to them was also assessed. By using a sequence of these two techniques, all the samples could be differentiated.

Published
2010