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In this article, we present an overview of the application of X-ray self-emission methods for the imaging of hydrodynamic astrophysical phenomena in laboratory-scale experiments. Typical diagnostic approaches, their advantages, drawbacks, and application perspectives are considered. We show that X-ray imaging and spectroscopy methods with 2D and even 1D spatial resolution are valuable for numerous laboratory astrophysical problems. Furthermore, the methods revealed the hydrodynamic evolution, the spatial shape and structure, and spatial features of important parameters such as electron density and plasma temperature of astrophysical objects and related phenomena, which are also required for the verification of astrophysical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monochromatic soft X-ray femtosecond pulses of the Free Electron Laser (FEL) with wavelengths of 17.2-61.5 nm were applied for measurements of optical features of point defects photoluminescence in LiF crystals. It was observed that peak of photoluminescence spectra appears near 530 nm and is associated with emission of F3+ centers. Our results suggest that a shortening of the applied laser pulses down to pico - or femtosecond duration causes redistribution of photolumi-nescence peak intensity from the red to the green part of the spectra and does not depend on the energy of EUV or X-ray photons. Dependence of peak intensity of photoluminescence spectra on the fluence of FEL radiation was measured. Even for relatively high fluencies a quenching phenomenon was not observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]