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Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Soil Science is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of technology elements on the yield and quality of oil from various varieties of oilseeds, in particular, sunflower, rapeseed, safflower, camelina, and brown mustard. The effectiveness of various agricultural techniques (types of fertilisers, protection systems, and agrotechnical measures) to improve the quality and quantity of these crops was evaluated. The study was conducted for three years on the basis of the educationalscientific-practical centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. The methodology included conducting field experiments with various agronomic technologies, laboratory analysis of the obtained plant samples, and determining the oil content. According to the results, the use of an optimised nutrition system and a combined protection system increases the yield of sunflower seeds by 15%, the quality of oil by 10%, and the use of innovative elements for growing flax increases the oil content of seeds by 8%. For rapeseed, it was determined that the use of adopted nutrition and protection systems increases the yield by 20%. The mustard examination showed a substantial improvement in the crop’s resistance to diseases when using integrated plant protection. The findings confirmed the importance of choosing the optimal elements of the technology that contribute to improving the yield and quality of oilseeds. This issue is relevant since oilseeds occupy a substantial place in the agro-industrial complex. Increasing the efficiency of growing oilseeds not only provides stable profits for farmers but also has a positive impact on the food security of the country in general. Thus, the introduction of scientifically based agronomic measures is a critical factor for achieving sustainable development of the agricultural sector and diversification of oilseeds

Soybean, as an important oil crop, is one of the main sources of high-quality protein and edible oil. Soybean yield and seed quality are closely related to growth-period traits, which are mainly controlled by a series of genes associated with the growth period. In this study, 16 near-isogenic lines (NILs) of E1-E4 were developed using Harosoy as the genetic background and were planted in experimental fields in Shijiazhuang and Hefei. The growth period, seed quality, and yield traits were investigated to understand the adaptability of different combinations of E1-E4 mutants to mid-latitude planting areas. The results showed that the 16 NILs had different photoperiod sensitivities and flowering times. WT and e4 NILs were unsuitable for planting in Shijiazhuang due to late flowering and low yield, while all NILs matured normally when planted in Hefei. Different allelic combinations of E1-E4 also affected plant height, node length, yield per plant, and seed quality. We found that e3 or e4 mutations could lead to early flowering under long-day conditions and simultaneously induce a shading response, resulting in taller plants and longer node lengths. We measured the protein, oil, and sucrose content of the seeds and found that the seeds of WT could not mature normally, exhibiting the lowest oil content and the highest sucrose content. Overall, seeds from the other NILs, when planted in Shijiazhuang, showed higher oil and sucrose content compared to those planted in Hefei but lower protein content. Therefore, to evaluate the latitude adaptability of soybean cultivars, it is necessary to comprehensively examine the effects of growth-period genes on photoperiod sensitivity, seed quality, and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a three-year field study that was conducted in Poland to evaluate the yield and quality of seeds and oil from traditional (SAM) and canola-quality white mustard (SAC) in response to different N fertilizer rates (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha–1). Seed yields were 25% higher in SAM than SAC. The seeds of SAC contained more crude fat (by 3%) and crude fiber (by 6%) than the seeds of SAM. In turn, the seeds of SAM were a richer source of total protein (by 7%). The content of glucosinolates (GSLs) was 8–10 times lower in the seeds of SAC than SAM. The seeds of both mustard cultivars were most abundant in γ-tocopherol (γ-T) (90–94%). The seeds of SAC were characterized by a higher content of γ-T and a lower α-T/γ-T ratio than SAM seeds. White mustard oil contained mostly MUFAs (69–75%). However, C22:1 accounted for more than 50% of MUFAs in the oil SAM. In the oil SAC, the proportion of C22:1 did not exceed 6%, whereas C18:1 accounted for nearly 85% of total MUFAs. Nitrogen fertilization induced a significant increase in seed yields (by 33%), a decrease in crude fat content (by 3–4%), and an increase in total protein content (by 4%), and crude fiber content (by 7%). Nitrogen decreased GSL levels by 31% in SAM seeds. In SAC, N fertilization induced differences in the qualitative composition of GSLs, but did not affect the total GSL content of seeds. Higher N rates increased the content of α-T and γ-T, the α-T/γ-T ratio, and total T content. Nitrogen fertilization decreased the content of C18:3 in the seeds of the SAM. In SAC, the application of N decreased the content of C18, C18:1, and C18:3, and increased the biosynthesis of C18:2, C20:1, and C22:1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) can offer an alternative for staple food considering its tolerance to abiotic stresses and high seed quality. However, its cultivation in temperate regions has not been successful due to its photoperiod sensitivity and low seed yield. This study investigated the agronomical performance and quality traits of 48 accessions for cultivation in northern Europe. We conducted two-year field trials and phenotyped traits related to phenological development, plant architecture, yield components, seed quality, and disease resistance. The major determinants of seed yield in this study were days to flowering, days to maturity, thousand-kernel weight, and panicle density, while downy mildew susceptibility and stem lodging showed a negative correlation with seed yield. We developed a selection index to enable simultaneous selection based on different important agronomical traits. We evaluated the stability of different accessions over the two years of the experiment. Finally, we provided a list of 10 selected accessions that can be directly integrated and serve as new crossing parents in quinoa breeding programs for temperate regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of technology elements on the yield and quality of oil from various varieties of oilseeds, in particular, sunflower, rapeseed, safflower, camelina, and brown mustard. The effectiveness of various agricultural techniques (types of fertilisers, protection systems, and agrotechnical measures) to improve the quality and quantity of these crops was evaluated. The study was conducted for three years on the basis of the educationalscientific-practical centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. The methodology included conducting field experiments with various agronomic technologies, laboratory analysis of the obtained plant samples, and determining the oil content. According to the results, the use of an optimised nutrition system and a combined protection system increases the yield of sunflower seeds by 15%, the quality of oil by 10%, and the use of innovative elements for growing flax increases the oil content of seeds by 8%. For rapeseed, it was determined that the use of adopted nutrition and protection systems increases the yield by 20%. The mustard examination showed a substantial improvement in the crop's resistance to diseases when using integrated plant protection. The findings confirmed the importance of choosing the optimal elements of the technology that contribute to improving the yield and quality of oilseeds. This issue is relevant since oilseeds occupy a substantial place in the agro-industrial complex. Increasing the efficiency of growing oilseeds not only provides stable profits for farmers but also has a positive impact on the food security of the country in general. Thus, the introduction of scientifically based agronomic measures is a critical factor for achieving sustainable development of the agricultural sector and diversification of oilseeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and implementation of energy-saving technologies for growing sunflower hybrids is a relevant area of research to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector and environmental protection. The study aimed to analyse the impact of different tillage methods on sunflower yields in southern Ukraine. To achieve this goal, a field study was conducted in the fields of the Educational and Research Centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University in 2021-2023. The study determined that the method of soil cultivation has a significant impact on its density, moisture reserves and structural stability. Reducing the intensity of cultivation, especially when using no-till, preserves moisture in the soil more effectively, but increases its density. With no-till, before sowing sunflower, it was 1.11 g/cm³ at a depth of 0-10 cm and 1.21 g/cm³ before harvesting, while with conventional tillage, the soil density was 1.02 g/cm³ and 1.1 g/cm³, respectively. In addition, no-till tillage provided the best sunflower productivity indicators, including 1000-seed weight (47.3 g), basket diameter (20.2 cm) and yield (2.6 t/ha). No-till cultivation also improves the quality of the sunflower crop, increasing the content of oleic acid (86.5%) and crude fat in the seeds (48.3%). The obtained results contribute to the development of integrated approaches to the introduction of energy-saving technologies in the cultivation of sunflower hybrids in southern Ukraine, which will increase production efficiency and reduce production costs

The development and implementation of energy-saving technologies for growing sunflower hybrids is a relevant area of research to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector and environmental protection. The study aimed to analyse the impact of different tillage methods on sunflower yields in southern Ukraine. To achieve this goal, a field study was conducted in the fields of the Educational and Research Centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University in 2021-2023. The study determined that the method of soil cultivation has a significant impact on its density, moisture reserves and structural stability. Reducing the intensity of cultivation, especially when using no-till, preserves moisture in the soil more effectively, but increases its density. With no-till, before sowing sunflower, it was 1.11 g/cm³ at a depth of 0-10 cm and 1.21 g/cm³ before harvesting, while with conventional tillage, the soil density was 1.02 g/cm³ and 1.1 g/cm³, respectively. In addition, no-till tillage provided the best sunflower productivity indicators, including 1000-seed weight (47.3 g), basket diameter (20.2 cm) and yield (2.6 t/ha). No-till cultivation also improves the quality of the sunflower crop, increasing the content of oleic acid (86.5%) and crude fat in the seeds (48.3%). The obtained results contribute to the development of integrated approaches to the introduction of energy-saving technologies in the cultivation of sunflower hybrids in southern Ukraine, which will increase production efficiency and reduce production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the formation of seed yields and seed quality depending on the timing of sowing and seeding rates. On average, over three years, seed yields significantly decreased when sown at late sowing dates compared to the optimal date of September 25. The influence of the "sowing time" factor on seed yield was the largest and amounted to 86.6%, while the influence of the "seeding rate" factor was insignificant and amounted to only 4.3%. It was found that the germination energy and germination rate of seeds did not change significantly depending on the sowing date and seeding rate of winter wheat: when sown at the optimal time of September 25 with a seeding rate of 3 mln/ha, the germination energy was 96%, germination rate was 96%, and when sown later on October 5, these indicators were the same, and when sown on October 10, they were 92 and 95%, respectively. Depending on the seeding rates, the yield of winter wheat varied, but no significant difference was found within each sowing period. Seed quality -- germination energy and germination rate -- did not change significantly depending on the sowing date and seeding rate of winter wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment studied the effects of seed weight and mulching material on the growth and productivity of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis), an important leafy vegetable crop widely cultivated in southern Nigeria. The study aimed to optimize the conditions for improved fluted pumpkin cultivation in Nsukka area of Enugu State, Nigeria. A field experiment with a 2 x 3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted to evaluating two factors: seed weight (1-9.9g vs >10g) and mulching material (dry grass, black polyethylene sheet, and no mulch). Parameters measured included vine length, number of nodes and leaves, vine girth, survival count, and above-ground biomass at 5, 7, and 9 weeks after planting. The results showed that while mulch type did not significantly influence the measured agronomic parameters, seed size had a considerable impact. Larger seeds (>10g) consistently outperformed smaller seeds across all growth parameters, with significant differences observed in survival count and vegetative traits. The interaction effects revealed synergistic benefits when combining larger seeds with polyethylene mulch, enhancing leaf production, node development, and vine extension. Additionally, the combination of larger seeds with shredded grass mulch boosted vine girth and biomass accumulation, likely due to improved soil moisture conditions. The study recommends utilizing larger Telfairia seeds (>10g) in combination with shredded grass mulch to maximize vegetative growth development and yield. These findings provide practical recommendations to local farmers for optimizing seed quality and mulching practices in fluted pumpkin cultivation in Nsukka and regions with similar agro-ecological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance. Salvia officinalis L. is an important essential oilseed crop with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Providing the pharmaceutical industry with raw materials of Salvia in full is possible due to the expansion of production areas and the availability of the maximum amount of highquality seed material of new promising varieties.Methods. In 2019-2022 in the conditions of the North Caucasus branch of VILAR on a new variety of Salvia Fioletovy aromat II year of vegetation by staging small-scale experiments were conducted to study the systematic application of organomineral fertilizer – EcoFus and growth regulators of different mechanism of action – Zircon, Epin-extra, retardant Hardy to increase seed productivity and seed quality. The area of the experimental plots was 12 m2. Treatment with EcoFus was carried out at the beginning of regrowth, and with bioregulators – during the budding phase. The consumption of the working solution is 300 l/ha. Control variants of medicinal crops were treated with water.Results. Application of EcoFus in the phase of regrowth contributed to the activation of the intensity of photosynthesis and increase in the accumulation of plastic substances, which allowed plants to enter the generative phase earlier, the budding phase came 2-3 days earlier than in the control. Subsequent treatment of budding plants with growth regulators led to earlier and more friendly flowering, the time of seed ripening was reduced by 3-4 days. The highest efficiency was observed in the variants of joint application of EcoFus with Zircon or Hardy, where the number of inflorescences on plants increased, seed setting and seed productivity increased by 37-42%, seed quality also improved – weight of 1000 seeds increased by 9-10% and germination by 6-7%.

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the technology of kharif onion production with the use of improved kharif onion variety Bhima Super during kharif seasons of the years 2020-2021 and 2022-2023 at farmer's field of various locations under the guidance of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Birauli, Samastipur, Bihar. The investigation included measures like yield and economic performance, technology gap, extension gap, frontline demonstration technology index, and respondent farmer's degree of adoption of the demonstration. Over the course of the study's two years, it was found that there was a 19.74% enhancement in bulb yield above local check and that the average B:C ratio under the demonstration plot was 3.98 which was higher than that of control plots 2.19. When enhanced quality seed was adopted, the extent of adoption increased to 47.12 percent. The study displays the technology index (22.64%), the average technical gap (81.22 q/ha), and the extension gap (62.98 q/ha). Current research highlights the potentiality of frontline demonstration for dissemination of technology at the grassroots level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a prominent seed crop grown in most of the northern part of India. It is also grown in different cropping systems where sowing time differs as per availability of vacant field prior to preceding crop. Being a rabi season (winter) crop its physiological as well as morphological developments are markedly influenced by temperature condition. Methods: An investigation was carried out during rabi season of 2010-11 and 2011-2012 at Oilseeds Research Farm, Kanpur (UP) with 4 sowing dates (30th Sept. 11th 21st, 31st Oct.) and 5 genotypes (Kranti, Maya, PAC-437, PBR-357, Rohini) of mustard on sandy loam soil under irrigated condition to study different physiological and yield attributing characters. Result: The results shown that among the sowing dates, 11th October registered the highest values of specific leaf weight (SLW), Crop Growth rate (CGR) estimated at 60-90 DAS, seed yield and oil content. The early sowing at 30th Sept. registered significantly lowest seed yield (1880 Kg ha-1) and seed oil content (38%). In case of genotypes, PAC-437 registered highest values of SLW (29.60 mg cm-2), NAR (113.3 mg dm-2 day-1), RGR (26.7 mg g-1 day-1), CGR (0.94g plant-1 day) at 60-90 DAS, seed yield (2079 kg ha-1). The interaction effect of sowing date X genotypes was found significant in most of the cases. Thus, the results concluded in Indian condition specially the northern part, 11th October proved to be the optimum sowing time of mustard. As far as the genotype is concerned, Kranti perform well of this date of sowing while PAC-437 proved its superiority over other genotypes as well as different sowings date of October month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybeans are a major crop in Brazilian agribusiness, with cultivar selection, location, and sowing date significantly impacting seed yield and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of soybean seeds under different growing environments, combining sowing time and location in tropical floodplain conditions in Tocantins in 2022. Four field experiments were conducted in two locations, with sowing dates of May 17 and May 31 in Lagoa da Confusão, TO. The cultivars Bônus, Extrema, Domínio, SYN1687, and SYN2282 were assessed. Each experiment followed a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. After full maturity, the crops were harvested and evaluated for yield parameters and seed physiological quality. The cultivars Bônus, Domínio, and SYN1687 produced the highest yields, unaffected by sowing dates. However, the growing environment influenced seed vigor and viability, with the May 31 sowing favoring seed quality.

The article provides the results of comparative tests on growing mini-tubers of potato in greenhouse culture using the pots with soil substrate and in the conditions of air hydroponics without hard substrates by treatment of root system with water-air nutrient mixture. The results of field testing of seed qualities of mini-tubers obtained by various methods are given. The experiments were carried out in Moscow region in potato varieties Fioletovy and Severnoe siyanie. On the basis of the research, it has been established that using the method of obtaining mini-tubers in the conditions of air hydroponics it is possible to increase the seed reproduction coefficient raising the quantitative characteristics of the yield. When growing in the conditions of air hydroponics in the Severnoe siyanie variety there was recorded two time increase of reproduction coefficient and obtained 19.2 mini-tubers per plant. At the same time, in greenhouse culture the average yield was 9.2 mini-tubers per plant. In Fioletovy variety, the reproduction coefficient in air hydroponic plants was 1.8 times higher than in greenhouse culture, 29.1 and 16.1 mini-tubers per plant, respectively. In the yield of greenhouse mini-tubers there were no seeds of small fractions, while in air hydroponic parts there were 25 % of them in Severnoe siyanie variety and 19 % in Fioletovy one. The number of fractions of large seeds more than 30 mm in size was much higher in greenhouse parts than in air hydroponic ones, 49.9 % against 1.82 % in Severnoe siyanie variety and 38.5 % against 1.3 % in Fioletovy variety. By comparative field tests of plants obtained from seed greenhouse and air hydroponic mini-tubers there has not been established significant differences in their yield and reproduction coefficient.

Background: Seed quality of fenugreek is determined by its primary metabolites and an alkaloid diosgenin. Apart from these fenugreek seeds contains total oil, saponins, carbohydrates, protein and major nutrients. Seeds are bitter in taste due to presence of an alkaloid “trigonelline”. In India, major cultivated area of fenugreek is still dependent on conserved moisture and moisture stress conditions reduces its productivity. Methods: A field experiment was carried out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications during Rabi 2016-2017. Performance of ten fenugreek genotypes was evaluated on the basis of seed quality parameters under normal and water stress condition. Seed samples from both normal and water stressed plant were used for quality analysis in laboratory. Analysis of different quality parameters was done by using standard methods and protocol. Result: Water stress was found to increase seed total oil, saponins and diosgenine content in all the genotypes. Genotypes RMt-1, RMt-305 and RMt-143 were able to accumulate significantly higher total oil and diosgenine content in normal as well as water stress conditions. Water stress condition induced more saponins synthesis in genotype RMt-361 and RMt-351 while crude protein and total carbohydrate declined in all the genotypes. The minimum decrease in crude protein and carbohydrate due to water stress was recorded in genotype RMt-351 and genotypes Hisar Sonali respectively. Moisture was found to decrease in all the genotypes under influence of water stress conditions, minimum (13.75%) being observed in genotype RMt-305. Maximum seed yield was recorded in genotype RMt-361 both under normal as well as water stress conditions. Genotype RMt-1 had least reduction in yield under water stress condition (3.54%). Results suggested that a significant genotypic variation in seed quality parameters of fenugreek genotypes induced through stress may be utilize to introduce novelty of different purpose for developing new cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current markets, the primary uses for soybean seeds are in products derived from their oil or protein content. However, growers are compensated based on seed yield, so a more valuable crop is one that does not compromise on yield when compared with existing options, with an optimum combination of protein and oil. A negative correlation of seed protein with seed yield and oil makes the simultaneous improvement of these traits difficult but not impossible through conventional breeding. Selections of lines with exceptional yield and seed composition were made from two recombinant inbred line (RIL) soybean mapping populations to identify high protein and/or high oil lines with yields comparable to elite cultivars. The performance of these RILs was evaluated in multiple environments, and several genotypes were identified with yields comparable to those of high-yielding check cultivars with seed protein and/or oil content superior to the checks. These genotypes will provide breeders with additional sources of germplasm for continuing efforts to improve seed composition traits without compromising seed yield and provide growers with more profitable cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop used for food, feed, medicinal, and industrial applications. Inherently low genetic yield potential and susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses contribute to low productivity in sesame. Development of stress resistant varieties coupled with high yield is a viable option to raise the genetic potential of sesame. Conventional phenotype-based breeding methods have made an important role in the last couple of decades by developing several sesame varieties with improved quality, yield, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, due to adverse environmental effects, time consuming to develop new variety, and low genetic gain, conventional phenotype-based approach is not adequate to satisfy the rising population growth. In this context, advanced method of genotype selection via modern techniques of biotechnology plays essential roles in reducing the constraints and boosting sesame production to satisfy the huge demand. In line to this, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping is considered as a promising method to address the problems of sesame breeding. Previously, huge data have been generated in the practical use of QTL for sesame improvement. Therefore, this paper aims to review recent advances in the area of QTL mapping for yield and yield related traits in sesame for enhancing and sustaining sesame production. In this section, we present an intensive review on the identification and mapping of the most desirable potential candidate genes/QTLs associated with desirable traits. Moreover, this review focuses on the major QTL regions and/or potential candidate genes and associated molecular markers that could provide potential genetic resources for molecular marker-assisted selection and further cloning of functional genes for yield and yield-related traits as well as various biotic and abiotic stress tolerances. Finally, the summarized QTL mapping data shed light on future directions for enhanced sesame breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising temperatures impact different developmental stages of summer crops like mung bean, particularly during the crucial seed-filling stage. This study focused on twomung bean genotypes, categorized as heat-tolerant [HT] or heat-sensitive [HS]. These genotypes were grown in pots in an outdoor natural environment (average day/night temperature 36°C/24.3°C) until the onset of podding (40 days after sowing) and subsequently relocated to controlled-environment walk-in growth chambers for exposure to heat stress (42°C/30°C) or control conditions (35°C/25°C) until maturity. For all measured attributes, heat stress had a more pronounced effect on the HS genotype than on the HT genotype. Heat-stressed plants exhibited severe leaf damage, including membrane damage, reduced chlorophyll content, diminished chlorophyll fluorescence, and decreased leaf water content. Heat stress impeded the seed-filling rate and duration, decreasing starch, protein, fat, and mineral contents, with a notable decline in storage proteins. Heat stress disrupted the activities of several seed enzymes, inhibiting starch and sucrose accumulation and consequently decreasing individual seed weights and seed weight plant-1. This study revealed that heat stress during seed filling severely impairedmung bean seed yield and nutritional quality due to its impact on various stress-related traits in leaves and enzyme activities in seeds. Moreover, this research identified potential mechanisms related to heat tolerance in genotypes with contrasting heat sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common beans are very significant for poor countries, because they provide high nutritional value, especially in terms of protein, calories, and trace nutrients, to people who cannot afford more expensive forms of nourishment. The current experiment was performed to investigate the influence of four different levels of organic fertilizer (compost) in the presence of mineral N fertilizer, i.e., T1: 25% M‑RDN +75% O‑RDN; T2: 50% M‑RDN +50% O‑RDN; T3: 75% M‑RDN +25% O‑RDN; and T4 (control): 100% M‑RDN (O-RDN, M‑RDN = recommended dose of N in organic and mineral forms, respectively; RDN: 60 kg N/fed.) and foliar spray with salicylic acid (SA) at 0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm, as well as of their interaction, on vegetative growth, productivity, and seed quality of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Nebraska. Obtained results showed that the tallest plants, the highest number of branches per plant, and the heaviest leaf fresh and dry weight per plant were scored using the combined treatment comprising T4 (100% M‑RDN) and SA at 150 ppm in the two seasons. T4-fertilized and 150 ppm SA-sprayed plants induced the highest values of leaf N, P, K, and total carbohydrates (%). The highest seed yield per plant and hectare as well as the highest average weight of 100 seeds were achieved by plants fertilized with T4 or T3 treatments (75% of M‑RDN +25% O‑RDN) and sprayed with 150 ppm SA in the two seasons. The combined treatment of T4 and SA at 150 ppm caused the statistically highest values of seed N%, P%, total protein (%), K%, and total carbohydrate (%). In addition, the lowest values of seed nitrate content were achieved by plants fertilized with the T1 treatment (25% M‑RDN +75% O‑RDN) and receiving 150 ppm SA foliar spray. In conclusion, for enhanced growth, productivity, and quality of common bean plants, it could be safe to fertilize with 75% M‑RDN +25% M‑RDN and spray these plants with SA at 150 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn kernels are characterised by the presence of all the nutrients, macro- and microelements necessary for growth and development in an easily digestible form. Considering the differentiation of soil and climatic zones of cultivation, the breeding process is designed to establish hybrids of different maturity groups. The research purposes to evaluate maize hybrids of different maturity groups for a set of economic and biological traits of productivity, high-yield stability, and further cultivation in production conditions suitable for mechanised harvesting. Methods used in the research include informational, theoretical analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison and generalisation; research identification, and measurement. During the research, a systematic analysis was applied, considering the uniqueness of technical, productive, and economic conditions for growing hybrid corn. The research results demonstrate that to achieve successful regulation of maize hybrids productivity and improve their quality, it is necessary to select for suitability for specific soils and climatic zones, considering the biological requirements for seeds and developing effective agrotechnical means designed for processes occurring at different stages of growth and development. The seeds of corn hybrids, formed by breeding, were determined by a high nutrient content: In mid-early corn, the content of crude protein was 9.2-9.9%, crude fat – 4.2-4.4%, BER (nitrogen-free extractives) – 82.5-83.3%, starch – 71.4-73.7%; in the medium-late group, the content of crude protein ranged from 9.8-10.4%, crude fat from 4.1-4.6%, BER from 80.6-82.2%, and starch from 70.2-74.1%. The medium-early group of hybrids obtained the optimal height of 245-276 cm, the weight of 1000 seeds – 308-344 g, the ratio of node height to plant height – 0.445; the medium-ripening group respectively 296-351 cm, 318-382 g, 0.455

To improve the soybean breeding of Sichuan Province, data were analyzed on the changing of yield, quality, disease resistance and related agronomic traits of 28 spring and 25 summer soybean cultivars released in 2011- 2022. Results showed that the average yield of spring and summer cultivars were 2583.75 kg·hm-2 and 1784.70 kg·hm-2 respectively, the average days from VE-R8 were 113.2 d and 129.9 d respectively, and the average protein contents were 44.59% and 46.61% respectively. Their effective branches per plant, effective pods per plant, and grains per plant decreased linearly with the years. But their 100-seed weight increased linearly with the years, and showed extremely positive correlations with the year. The days from VE to R8 decreased linearly with the years, and showed negative correlations with the year. Correlation coefficient between 100-seed weight and yield was the highest among the agronomic traits, indicating that the increase of 100-seed weight might be an important factor for yield. 13 spring cultivars had higher protein contents, and 18 summer cultivars had higher protein contents (both ≥45%). Variation ranges of quality traits of spring and summer cultivars were small, showing quadratic function and linear function with the years respectively. Protein content had extremely significant negative correlation with fat content. The total content had extremely significant positive correlations with protein content, while had no significant correlation with fat content. The yield had extremely significant negative correlations with the duration of VE-R8, and plant height had extremely significant positive correlations with the number of main stem nodes. For soybean mosaic virus resistance, among the 11 and 14 spring and summer cultivars released in 2017-2022, 2 (18.18%) and 3 (21.43%) were moderate resistant to soybean mosaic virus (strains SC3 and SC7). Thus the breeding emphasis should be focused on increasing yield, virus resistance and seed quality for spring soybean; while increasing yield, good quality, moderate maturity and high protein with virus resistance for summer soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was conducted at Jute Research Substation, Kalapara, Patuakhali from July 2022 to February, 2023 to find out the appropriate sowing time for BJRI Deshi pat-10. The study consisted of five different sowing time at 15 days interval starting from 1 July to 15 September by following Randomized Complete Block Design with three trials. Sowing date had substantial impact on growth, yield attributes, seed yield and quality of BJRI Deshi pat-10. The maximum plant population (563.33), base diameter (6.54 mm), branch plant-1 (5.20), seeds pod-1 (37.80), seed yield (677.00 kg ha-1), and percentage germination (98.00 %) were recorded in 16 July. After 16 July, decreasing trends of all parameters were recorded in the investigation. The least results were recorded at 15 September sowing treatments. BJRI Deshi pat-10 is the light sensitive crop, after subsequently reduced in day length, the seed yield and quality were hampered. Finally, it would be summarized that the sowing BJRI Deshi pat-10 at 16 July will be better practice for attaining maximum seed yield and ensuring quality of seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat is the most important crop in Pakistan being influenced by delayed sowing and delayed harvesting of rice and cotton owing to rainfall at maturity is the key factor behind late sowing of wheat. Furthermore, seed quality is another predicament for growers in the country. Graded seed can be a contributing factor to overcome the yield losses due to delayed sowing because it enables a healthy stand establishment to crop. Therefore, an experiment was executed to evaluate the effectiveness of three different seed sizes [Bold (>2.7 mm), Medium (2.4-2.7 mm) and Small (<2.4 mm)] and three different sowing dates (20th November, 10th December and 30th December) in randomized complete block design (RCBD ) split plot arrangement 2019. Data for different growth and yield parameters was recorded and analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques and treatments means were compared using least significant difference LSD test at 5% probability. Bold seed and sowing on 20th November produced supreme results regarding net assimilation rate (NAR) (5.42 gm-1/day), productive tillers (379.67), biological yield (t/ha), seed index (46.52 g), spike length (12.50 cm), grain yield (4.35 t/ha) and harvest index (32.55%). It is concluded that wheat sowing in mid-November produced the best results, whereas bold seed performed its positive role significantly in comparison to other seed sizes even under delayed sowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water stress is a major constraint for crop productivity and culturing right cultivars may produce a considerable yield under such stressful condition. An experiment was conducted inside a vinyl house to evaluate the effect of water stress on dry matter distribution, yield, and seed quality of eight soybean genotypes, viz. G00006, BD2336, AGS383, PK472, BCS-1, NCS-1, BU Soybean-1 and BARI Soybean-6. They were grown in pots and subjected to water stress (20% of field capacity, FC) and control (80% of FC). The water stress reduced plant height, leaf number, leaf, stem, and root dry matter by 23, 45, 46, 45 and 19%, respectively, across the genotypes. Under water stress, the soybean genotypes G00006, BCS-1, NCS-1 and BARI Soybean-6 beard only 6 to 30% pod and 5 to 34% seed compared to the control condition. The results further indicated that yield of BD2336 and AGS383 were less affected by the stress than those of other genotypes. Interestingly, water stress exerted positive effect on seed germination, viability, speed of germination and vigor index in BD2336 and AGS383, respectively. Nitrogen and seed protein content were found the highest in BCS-1 under control (9.82 and 58.42% respectively) followed by AGS383. Phosphorus content in seed also reduced by the stress in the tested genotypes, except BD2336 (0.29% in control and 0.96% in water stress) and BARI Soybean-6. Potassium content in seed was reduced by the stress in the tested genotypes, except G00006 and BARI Soybean-6. Based on the findings related to water stress effects on yield and seed quality, particularly seed protein of the tested eight soybean genotypes, it was concluded that genotypes AGS383 and BD2336 might be considered for field trial under water deficit condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce negative factors (excessive technogenic pressure, deterioration of moisture and nutrient regimes and humus condition of soils) and improve systems of sunflower nutrition, other than traditional (mineral and organic) fertilizers, the use of microfertilizers and growth regulator for plants should be broader. Regulators of plant growth (bioformulations) enhance the development of the leaf surface by activating essential biochemical processes of sunflower vitality: photosynthesis, respiration, nutrition, functioning of enzymatic systems, membrane processes, cell division, and promote ramification of root system with increased absorbing ability. The objectives of the study were the effects of growth regulator with different action principle on morphogenesis, growth, development, and productivity of sunflower of various groups with various readinesses to harvest in the conditions of the Steppe Zone of Ukraine. Field experiments were carried out in 2019–2021 in the Research Field of the National Scientific Center of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University in a stationary experiment of the Department of Horticulture in five-section field crop rotation (pure vapour – winter wheat – maize – barley – sunflower), studying efficacy of modern elements of technologies of cultivating cereals, legules and oil crops. Agrotechnology of growing sunflower is generally accepted throughout the Steppe Zone. Formation of the largest leaf surface of sunflower was seen after using Tseron growth regulator (0.5 L/haга) up to 70.9–78.1 thou m2/ha, or 5.5–10.2% greater than the control. The substance also promoted the formation of capitula of greatest diametrs (23–26 cm, which was 11.5–30.4% larger than the control) and highest number of seeds in them (863–925 seeds, or 3.4–5.6% more than the control). The greatest weight of thousand seeds was seen for average-early hybrid Sumico HTS (54–60 g), the lowest – for average-late hybrid Subaro HTS (51–55 g), which is explained by biological peculiarities of the hybrids. Use of bioformulations on sunflower promoted 1.01–1.70 increase in yield of the oil crop. Highest increase in seeds in all hybrids of sunflower was observed after utilizing Tseron (0.5 L/ha) – 0.16–0.75 T/ha, or 8.2–43.3%. Using Tseron (0.5 L/ha) and Architect (0.5 L/ha) promoted 3–8% nd 4–6% increases in oil respectively.

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) maize is dominant in countries where it is grown. Significant, adverse effects of glyphosate application to GR maize have been reported, but few data from robust studies exist to determine if such effects are common. In this study, the effects of recommended application rates (single and sequential applications) were used on GR maize grown at two locations for one season and for two seasons in a third location. No significant effects of glyphosate on mineral content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in leaves or grain, plant height, stem diameter, ear parameters, or yield were found at any location or in any growing season. Likewise, harvested grain quality, as determined by percent starch, protein, and total lipids, was unaffected by glyphosate treatment at any location. Neither glyphosate nor aminomethylphosphonic acid, the primary degradation product of glyphosate, were found in grain from any treatment at any location, except for 20 ng g−1 of glyphosate found in grain from one season at one location. These results support the view that recommended applications of glyphosate have no significant effects on growth, grain composition, mineral content, grain quality, nor yield of GR maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeds with a certain embryo shape have a variation in germination, some are more productive, others are not. This phenomenon has become the impetus for the systematization of seed groups by embryos. We have identified 8 groups (1a, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), there are strong and weak seeds structured according to this hierarchy. One of the problems of vegetation and the formation of the desired crop is the impact of factors that are regulated. The seed material is heterogeneous and, therefore, its development is unpredictable. Seeds of any agricultural crop, no matter whether it is a variety or a hybrid, have external and internal properties and signs that affect the stability of their ontogenesis. The economic and biological qualities of seeds depend on the genetic characteristics of the variety obtained as a result of breeding. The external qualities of seeds characterize the properties of seeds, which are determined by the adaptive landscape component, agrotechnology of cultivation and the equipment used. Yield losses are difficult to control and it is important to reduce. The yield is affected not only by their initial biological potential, but also by the further mechanical impact of agricultural machinery from pre-sowing treatment to sowing. The purpose of the research is to assess the damage of the seed material by various mordants. The objectives of the research are the preliminary systematization of winter hard wheat grains by the germ morphotype, as well as further pre-sowing processing by various machines. The objects of the study are winter hard wheat grains and picklers PNSh-3, PKS-20, PS-10A, PNU-4, mixer-inlay «EcoMix-5». As a result of the research, the most productive varieties of winter hard wheat (Amazonka (8.32 t/ha) have been identified, Kristella (8.27 t/ha), Yantarina (8.07 t/ha), Yakhont (7.81 t/ha)) and the EcoMix-5 device with the least damage to seeds during their pre-sowing treatment.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant with important properties and is used as an alternative crop in many countries of the world because of its medicinal, economic, industrial, and nutritional importance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of low water availability on seed production and seed quality of five cultivars of basil (Mrs Burns, Cinnamon, Sweet, Red Rubin, and Thai). Irrigation levels and cultivars affected seed yield and thousand seed weight. In addition, plants that were exposed to low water availability produced seeds that germinated in a greater percentage. Additionally, root length was increased as the PEG concentration was increased in the germination solution and was affected by the low water availability of the mother plants. The length of the shoot, the length of the root and the seed vigor could not be used as indicators of low water availability on the mother plants, but these characteristics and especially the seed vigor could be used as indicators of low water availability of the seed. Furthermore, the root length and the seed vigor indicated that there is a possibility of an epigenetic effect of water availability on the seed produced under low water availability, though more work is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology is a novel and emerging approach that can be utilized in the agriculture sector for biotic and abiotic stress management, disease detection, and nutrient absorption. Various metal oxide nanoparticles such as zinc, titanium, silicon oxides were found to have a positive effect on seed quality attributes in various crops. Therefore, a study was carried out on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with the objective to study the effect of nanoparticles on seed quality attributes including germination, seedling growth, vigour and yield. The seeds were dressed and infused with each of nano and bulk forms of zinc oxide, titanium oxide, silicon dioxide@ 50, 100, 250, 500 and 750 ppm along with the two controls i.e. untreated and thiram treated seeds (recommended package of practices) and were evaluated for various seed quality parameters and yield attributes. The study revealed that significantly the highest radicle emergence percentage, germination percentage, seedling length, vigour index-I, vigour index-II, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, field emergence percentage, seed yield per plant, and the lowest electrical conductivity were recorded for the seeds treated with dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm, significantly the lowest pathogen infection percentage was recorded in seeds treated with dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm, dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 500 ppm and dry formulation of nano form of TiO2 nanoparticle at a concentration of 100 ppm and the lowest insect infestation percentage was observed in seeds treated with dry nano ZnO@ 250 ppm and dry nano ZnO@ 500 ppm compared to both controls. The conclusion drawn from the study that the dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm was found to be most effective treatment for enhancement of seed quality attributes and yield in chickpea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of expired herbicides to suppress weeds growth is becoming prevalent among farmers. Hence the need to investigate and compare the effect of expired and non-expired pendimethalin and hand weeding on weed suppression, growth, yield and composition of groundnut. The experiment was carried to investigate seven weed treatments during the rainy season in 2020. These were sole pendimethalin non-expired at 0.75 kg ai/ha (T1), pendimethalin non-expired at 0.75 kg ai/ha + one hand weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (T2), pendimethalin expired at 0.75 kg ai/ha (T3), pendimethalin expired at 0.75 kg ai/ha + one hand weeding at 6 WAS (T4), two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS (T5), weed free check (T6) and weedy check (T7). Desmodium trifolium, Amaranthus spinosus and Commelina benghalensis were the most preponderant weed species. Both expired or non-expired pendimethalin and their integration with one hand weeding reduced weed population than other treatments. Pendimethalin nonexpired + one hand weeding at 6WAS and two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS significantly increased the growth parameters and yield when compared with other treatments. There was marked increase in protein, fat and ash contents of the seeds in all the weed control treatments than the weedy check. Also, the mineral elements (Fe, Ca, K and N) with the exception of zinc (Zn) were significantly higher in weed control treatments compared with the weedy check. The study established in spite of positive influence of all weed control treatments on seed quality, two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS and non-expired pendimethalin + one hand weeding 6 WAS, should be reinforced for weed control and the use of expired pendimethalin should be discouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality seed is an essential input for the production of quality onion bulbs. However, lack of quality vegetable seeds including onions are the major obstacle to producing a better yield and quality. Therefore, the research was carried out to study the influence of blended fertilizer rate and variety on onion seed yield and quality. Treatments contained seven blended fertilizer rates (0, 30.5, 61, 91.5, 122,152.5 and 183 kg ha-1 Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Sulphur: Boron (NPSB)) and two onion varieties (Bombay red and Nafis). Data were collected on growth, yield and quality parameters and analyzed using SAS version 9.4. Most parameters were significantly influenced by the main and interaction effects of variety and blended fertilizer. Bombay red gained the maximum seed yield (2.3 tonne ha-1) planted at Kobo with the application of 183 kg blended fertilizer ha-1. The highest germination percentage (92%) was recorded on both Bombay red and Nafis at Libso and Kobo with the application rates of 183 and 61 kg ha -1 NPSB, respectively. The partial budget analysis showed that Bombay red planted at Kobo with the application of 183 kg blended NPSB fertilizer ha-1 gave a maximum net benefit of 1,857,967.5 ETB ha-1 with a marginal rate of return of 48,186.14%. Therefore, Bombay red with combination of 183 kg NPSB blended fertilizer and 34.4 kg Urea ha-1 is advisable for better yield and quality of onion seed production in the study area and similar agro ecologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legumes are of great economic importance. Depending on the species, they are cultivated for food, fodder, green manure, and even as ornamentals. Legume seeds contain many valuable nutrients and also anti-nutritional substances. The aim of the study is to compare important seed quality traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). It was shown that the obtained parameters were significantly affected by the interaction of species with the years of study. Soybean was characterized by high seed and protein yield and favorable seed chemical composition (protein, fat, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and micronutrients, except manganese). Faba bean yields were high but varied over the years. Faba bean seeds were rich in phosphorus and copper. Pea yielded satisfactorily, and the seeds contained high iron and low fiber contents. Of the three lupin species, white lupin yielded the highest, while narrow-leafed and yellow lupin yields were low. However, yellow lupin seeds had a favorable chemical composition because they were rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, and zinc. In conclusion, legumes are valued worldwide and could be a base for the development of many functional foods to promote human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted consecutively during 2018-19 and 2019-20 cropping seasons at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur. The study was carried out in split-plot design having two sowing dates (November first week and December first week) in main plot, and foliar spray (no spray, spray of tap water, Zn @ 0.5% (ZnSO4.7H2O), Fe @ 0.5% (FeSO4.7H2O), B @ 0.2% (Borax 10.5%), Zn @ 0.5% + B @ 0.2%, Zn @ 0.5% + Fe @ 0.5%, B @ 0.2% + Fe @ 0.5% and Zn @ 0.5% + Fe @ 0.5% + B @ 0.2%) in sub-plots with three replications. Pooled results of two years experiment clearly indicated that November sown crop produced significantly (P>0.05) higher growth attributes, yield attributes and yield. November sown crop recorded 52.9%, 58.3%, 11.3% and 3.0% higher number of pods, seed yield, stover yield and test weight compared to the crop sown in December. Foliar spraying of micronutrients, viz. B @ 0.2% + Fe @ 0.5% produced significantly higher seed and stover yield of 1438 kg/ha and 3981 kg/ha respectively, which were 58.3% and 27.0% more than that obtained from the control treatment (772 and 3134 kg/ha). Delay in sowing of crop from November to December reduced the crop duration by 11.4 days (113.4 days vs 101.7 days) which affected the yield of the crop. Overall, it can be concluded that lentil sown during November along with foliar spray B @ 0.2% + Fe @ 0.5% can improve the yield in new alluvial zone of West Bengal, India.

In Mexico, corn (Zea mays L.) is the most important crop due to its sown area, its consumption of more than 200 kg per person per year, as well as due to the role it plays in the economy. Every year more than 12 million tonnes of corn are imported, so it is urgent to increase grain production, for this, improved varieties with good productivity are required, such as the H 49 AE hybrid, which was generated in the Corn Genetic Improvement Program of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research based in the Valle de México Experimental Field, the H 49 AE hybrid, with androsterility in its progenitors, solves the problem present in the production of hybrid corn seed, since it limits the detasseling, which favors maintaining the genetic quality of the seed; saves from 24 to 50 daily wages ha-1, work that causes economic loses in seed companies and waste of registered seed, in addition to limited grain production, for not using the best hybrid corns. The average yield of H 49 AE, in the validation, in the State of Mexico was 10 700 kg ha-1, with a variation from 8.5 to 12.5 t ha-1. On average the behavior is higher by 23.7% with respect to the control hybrid ‘H-48’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field beans (Vicia faba L.) are the most extensively grown grain legume in the UK but their contribution to farming and food systems could be improved if their yields were enhanced. Average on‐farm bean yields have varied between 3 and 4 t ha−1 for four decades but with much variation between individual crops. A "Bean Yield Enhancement Network" (Bean YEN) was initiated in 2019, supported by industry sponsors, to promote crop monitoring, sampling, and sharing of data between farms, thus learning about key yield‐affecting factors. Bean YEN continues, gathering new data annually; data from crops harvested in 2019 to 2021 are reported here. For each crop entered, data were collated on agronomy, soil, and weather, samples were analysed for height, nutrient content, yield components, and seed quality, and accurate yields were recorded. A localised biophysical yield potential (Ybp) was also estimated based on the best (repeatedly observed) resource capture and conversion coefficients and harvest index for beans, after accounting for costs of nitrogen (N) fixation. Over the three seasons, yields were collated from 26 winter bean and 63 spring bean crops, all well dispersed across the British Isles, with sufficient supporting information to make 87 estimates of Ybp. Average winter bean yields were 5.1 t ha−1 (range 1–8 t ha−1) and spring bean yields were 4.9 t ha−1 (range 1–7 t ha−1), respectively 38 and 43% of Ybp (13.7 & 11.2 t ha−1); yield shortfalls from Ybp averaged 7.2 t ha−1 (range 2.4–12.6 t ha−1). Yields correlated positively with plant height, thousand seed weight, total biomass shoot−1, seeds pod−1, harvest index and total straw biomass (t ha−1) in both winter and spring crops. In spring crops, the number of pods shoot−1 was also positively correlated with yield. Correlations suggested that growers could enhance yields by favouring an ideotype with deep roots, tall, multi‐noded stems, and prolonged canopy survival. This ideotype will be subject to modification and improvement after data are collected through future seasons of Bean YEN. The accumulating Bean YEN dataset is enabling benchmarks to be derived for crop attributes that should guide growers in their quest for sustained yield enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seed priming is controlled hydration and dehydration that results in improved seed quality and yield. However, hydration-dehydration of fresh seeds would result in soaking injury especially in legumes. The disadvantage reported in pulses can overcome through pre-conditioning of seeds which allows the seeds to slow hydration and prevent the soaking injury. The conditioning of seeds in large scale is tedious and skill oriented. To overcome this problem, an innovative seed priming technology is essential for pulses to enhance the seed germination, vigour and seed yield. Methods: Experiment was carried out at National Pulses Research Centre, Vamban during 2016-18. Seed priming technology was developed by using marginal vigour lot of blackgram. The marginal vigour seeds were packed in gunny bag up to 3/4th level and soaked in water for 2 h and 4 h and incubated for 2 h, 4 h and 6 h. After the incubation period, seeds were dried back to original moisture content (9.0%) and seed quality parameters were analyzed. The best performing organic priming concentrations under laboratory were forwarded to field trial and yield parameters were assessed. Result: Marginal vigour lot of blackgram seeds packed in gunny bag and soaked in seaweed extract @ 0.4% for 2 h and incubated for 4 h significantly increased the seed quality parameters. Among the various organic priming, marginal vigour lot of blackgram seeds packed in gunny bag and soaked in seaweed extract @ 0.4% for 2 h and incubated for 4 h significantly increased the seed quality parameters and yield over hydro priming and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agro-Knowledge Journal / Agroznanje is the property of University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study pertained to environmentally-friendly methods in the cultivation of cereal, and aimed to manage the quality of rye and triticale seeds and determine the impact of seed conditioning using effective microorganisms (EM), red light (RL), and a combination of the two (RL × EM) on the yield of grain and straw. Moreover, the seeds were sown into soil with and without EM conditioning, designated as 0 and PEM. The yield fluctuations depended mostly on the studied rye and triticale cultivars. The best effects we observed in soil without EM conditioning for Dańkowskie Złote rye and Moderato triticale. The increase in grain and straw yields was, respectively: 26% (RL), 31% (RL × EM), 40% (EM), and 17% (RL × EM), 23% (RL), 32% (EM) - Dańkowskie Złote, 27% (RL × EM), 44% (EM), 46% (RL), and 17% (RL × EM), 51% (EM), 78% (RL) - Moderato. In turn, seeds exposed to the experimental treatment and sown into soil containing EM produced reduced yields in both of the above cultivars. It is noteworthy that the conditioning methods employed in the field experiment can facilitate increased yields but most importantly contribute to the resilience of agrosystems and can therefore have environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its multiple uses: in human and animal nutrition but being also successfully used in rotations with the main cereal crops, soybean is one of the most valuable crops in the world. Seed germination can be influenced by a number of factors: genetic, technological, age of storage but also by the presence of pathogens inside or outside the seeds. Seeds infected with pathogens may have low storage capacity, low germination and weight, and low quality of oil and food. There are a number of pathogens that attack soybean seeds and can greatly affect the quality of the seeds. The most common pathogens are: Phomopsis sp., Cercospora kikuchii, Cercospora sojina, Colletotrichum sp., Pernospora manshurica but also a number of pathogens and secondary saprophytes, including Alternaria, Fusarium, Cladosporium and Penicillium (Telenko, 2018). The paper aimed to present the effects of seed age on soybean germination, fungal load and chemical composition. Seeds of Onix soybean variety, from 4 years (2017-2020) were stored in laboratory conditions and used in the experiment. Germination, chemical composition and also sanitary quality were significantly influenced by storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the effects of Ginkgo biloba pollen concentration on the yield and quality of G. biloba seeds. Eight concentrations( weight ratio of pollen to clean water) of G. biloba pollen [ 1 : 1 000 ( HF1) ; 1 : 2 000 ( HF2) ; 1 : 3 000 ( HF3) ; 1:4 000 ( HF4) ; 1:5 000 ( HF5) ; 1:6 000 ( HF6) ; 1:7 000 ( HF7) ; and 1:8 000 ( HF8) ] were used to evaluate the controlled pollination effect. To provide an accurate scientific reference for pollen concentration control, we identified the most suitable pollination concentration based on G. biloba yield and quality. The results revealed that low pollination concentrations enhance seed quality, albeit with a low yield. Reducing pollen concentration was found to promote the increase in vertical diameter, transverse diameter, and thickness of the G. biloba seed kernel and had little effect on fruit shape, kernel percentage, or almond percentage. The average yield of fresh seed kernel was highest in the HF5 treatment at 8 204.6 kg•hm-2. Similarly, the contents of pullulan, crude protein, and soluble sugars in the almond of G. biloba plants subjected to the HF5 treatment were also high. On the basis of comprehensive technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution ( TOPSIS) evaluation, used to compare the performance values of the vector functions for each assessed index in experimental treatments, we established the comprehensive effects of each treatment, which could be ordered as follows: HF5>HF6>HF4>HF7>HF3>HF8>HF2>HF1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, plant breeders of Siberia and the Urals have created a series of spring wheat varieties that combine high yields with good grain quality, early ripening, resistance to lodging, germination of grain in the ear, and other economic characteristics. Considering the current situation in the production of seeds of varieties of valuable and strong wheat, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of different forecrops on the yield and quality of seeds of spring wheat varieties in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region (Russia). The paper presents the results of the forecrops' influence on the yield and seed quality of wheat varieties Omskaya 36, Tyumenskaya Yublieynaya, Novosibirskaya 31, and Iren in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. It has been established that the best forecrops are annual grasses and corn. In the fields with the aforementioned forecrops, a seed yield of 2.5-3.0 t/ha with a protein content of 14-16%, germination energy of 68.8-69.3%, laboratory germination of 92.8-94.7%, profitability of 124-176% has been obtained. The third position in importance as a forecrop is occupied by rapeseed. In exceptional cases, it can also be used as a forecrop to seed crops. After spring wheat, the studied varieties had sharply reduced yields and seed quality indicators, especially for varieties Omskaya 36 and Novosibirskaya 31. The Iren and Tyumenskaya Yubileynaya varieties tolerate the grain forecrop better, but at the same time, the seeds obtained have low protein content, germination energy, and laboratory germination. The Omskaya 36 variety was inferior to all the studied forecrops in terms of yield and seed quality, so there is every reason to reduce the area of sowing of this variety and possibly replace it with a new variety adapted to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. production trends have increased throughout the past century due to its versatile use in food, feed, and fuel industries. The selection of soybean cultivars with higher yields coupled with consumer-preferred seed quality has become a priority to sustain economic advantage. In this study, eighteen popular soybean cultivars from different maturity groups (MG III to V) were phenotyped for yield and quality traits under optimum water and nutrient conditions. Significant phenotypic variability was observed for days to flowering, yield, and seed quality traits. The late flowering soybean cultivars (MG V) recorded 14% lower seed weight than the early flowering (MG IV). Under optimum growing conditions, protein content increased with the MGs, but oil content decreased. Further, significant negative correlations between protein and yield, oil, and sucrose were observed. In contrast, the oil content was positively correlated with yield. Cultivars 539-T3 and GT-477CR2 were classified as high-yielding short-duration soybean cultivars. Based on the cultivar performance index, MS 4616 RXT and 7547XT were found to have a combination of desirable industry traits such as high protein, and oil content with high yield compared to other cultivars. The current research provides prospective benchmark seed weight and quality parameters under sunlit and temperature conditions with optimum water and nutrient conditions for many soybean cultivars grown in the US Mid-South. Furthermore, it can assist growers and breeders in selecting soybean cultivars with high protein and oil specific to their regional demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]