Search

This thesis deals with an emergency incident in which a burn trauma occurred in a large number of people. The theoretical part of the thesis describes both the legal framework of emergencies and especially the recommended procedures of the components of the Integrated Rescue System for dealing with this type of emergency. A large part of the theoretical part of the thesis and the whole practical part is focused on the procedure of the emergency medical service. The document shows how burns are treated from the point of view of emergency medicine, but also from the point of view of disaster medicine. The practical part of the work responds to the Concept of dealing with an emergency with a large number of patients with thermal injuries in the Czech Republic, published by the Ministry of Health in 2020. I focused on how paramedics know it. Does their knowledge affect the length of practice or the level of their acquaintance with the Concept? I found out using questionnaires filled out by 42 rescuers from different regions.

This bachelor thesis deals with the education of paramedics regarding to the issue of emergencies with mass disability. The theoretical part of this work focuses on basic knowledge about the medical emergency service, it contains a description of its individual workplaces such as the educational and training center and a workplace of crisis preparedness. Further on, the theoretical part deals with a description of the procedures on how the employees of the medical emergency services are prepared for an exceptional event with a mass disability of people and what their activities are in the case of such an event. The practical part of this work was realized on the basis of a qualitative research through interviews with representatives of individual medical emergency services. The interviews were carried out with the employees of the educational training center or with the workplace of crisis preparedness. Fourteen semi-ctructured interviews were done between 1st December 2021 and 1st June 2022. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to monitor the approach of individual providers of the medical emergency services regarding to the issue of the preparation of primarily non-medical health care workers for emergencies with mass disability of people. The research part of this work reflects the level of preparation of individual providers dealing with the issue of educating and training of medical emergency service employees. The aim of this work is to submit a general overview of the method of preparation of individual medical emergency services in the Czech Republic for exceptional events with mass disability of people.

The aim of the present diploma thesis was forming a general list about emergencies focused on specifics of emergency medical service with mass disability. The theoretical part includes basic terms and legistative. The individual chapters include summary information about the integrated rescue system and the position of the emergency medical service in dealing with emergencies with an emphasis on an emergency with a mass disability. The work deals with the acceptance of the call at the medical operating center, the reporting of departure crews from the place of occurrence and the emergency management structure. The research was done using a qualitative method using a semi-structured interview focusing on the issue of emergencies with mass disabilities, patient classification and personal experience of the staff of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemia with emergencies. After a detailed analysis of the interviews, we realized that the majority of informants have a sufficient to above-average amount of theoretical knowledge in this area. The knowledge of paramedics regarding the general overview and sorting methods (START, Identification and sorting card) was at a very good level. On the contrary, lower knowledge was reflected in the issue of trauma planning. Most of the interviewed paramedics pointed to good theoretical teaching, in preparation for dealing with an emergency, but the respondents emphasized the need to increase the frequency of practical training. Adapting training and practical exercises for the current needs of paramedics would certainly help.

Providers of the emergency medical service are the basic bodies of the integrated rescue system. The paramedics that work in the emergency medical service participate in dealing with emergencies in cooperation with other bodies of the integrated rescue system. Unlike the common operations of the emergency medical service, during emergencies it is necessary to perform the rescue and clean-up work according to the appointed rules of the integrated rescue system. An essential part of the paramedics´ duty are various emergency activities exercising. The aim of the diploma thesis is to introduce a concept of an emergency and participation of paramedics in emergency and distress events. Furthermore, the thesis highlights frequent flaws in paramedics´ knowledge and points at such mistakes that might appear straight during an operation. It should contribute to improvement of an educational system for the paramedics who participate in dealing with emergencies. There are two research questions and two hypotheses set up for this aim. Research question 1: How do the paramedics perceive an emergency? Research question 2: What kind of experience of emergency solutions do the paramedics have? Hypothesis 1: The knowledge of a paramedic concerning the procedures during an emergency is influenced by the length of their practical duty. Hypothesis 2: The knowledge of a paramedic concerning the procedures during an emergency is influenced by the experience in dealing with the procedures. The research part comprises interviews with ten paramedics who practise their profession at least one year. Furthermore, a questionnaire construction with 106 respondents who work as paramedics at least the same time. The set of respondents and informants is composed of some members of the regional emergency medical services of the Czech Republic and other/private providers of the emergency medical services. The results of the thesis provide some flaws in paramedics´ knowledge from the field of the integrated rescue system as well as in cooperation with its other bodies, especially in operations coordination during the emergencies. The results provide an observation that even with a longer practical duty in emergency medical services and with better experience in dealing with emergencies, the knowledge and often also communication and coordinating skills of the paramedics will not improve. The weak points are the fields of terminology, function and structure of the integrated rescue system and their implementation in practical duty. The thesis fully reveals that during an operation of the professional bodies of the integrated rescue system in emergencies, mistakes occur in coordination and communication. It happens that the set competencies are not respected by individual bodies.

Medical rescue workers are routinely employed in emergency medicine. In emergencies where a large number of people are affected, knowledge of medical disaster practices is necessary. Within a second, the intervening crews should switch to another mode with a different approach to the patients than they use daily. The diploma thesis has set the following goals: to map the level of knowledge of medical rescuers in the field of emergency response with mass health impairment, their personal experience and, last but not least, education and training. Three research questions were asked to reach these objectives. What are the skills of medical rescuers in dealing with emergency health issues with mass health impairment? How do medical rescuers assess incidents with mass health impairment at which they were present and what is their attitude towards training and education in the field of dealing with emergencies with mass health impairment? The research part consists of interviews with two groups of participants: eight medical rescuers of the Medical Rescue Service of the Pardubice Region and the same number of medical rescuers of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. These interviews supplemented the information provided by the crisis preparedness managers of both medical rescue services. The survey used a qualitative research strategy, conversations were recorded on a dictaphone, then processed into categories, subcategories, tables and evaluated. From the results of the work, a great difference in the knowledge of health rescuers in the field of emergency health problems can be seen. Participants of the South Bohemian Medical Emergency Rescue Service showed shortcomings in both the basic terminology and the solving of extraordinary events in particular, from reporting the situation with a report form to the classification of the disabled. On the contrary, the majority of participants in the Paramedical Rescue Service of the Pardubice Region would be able to file an initial emergency report and categorize and transport patients correctly. On the basis of the evaluated results, this difference in knowledge can be attributed mainly to the frequency and content of the training provided. In the case of South Bohemian participants, we can find the cause in the absence of practical training. The alarming results were noted in the participants' ability to use the START sorting method, from all of the sixteen respondents only one was able to answer there. The elaborated case report of an extraordinary event points to the fact that theoretical shortcomings can subsequently be transferred into practice.

This diploma thesis deals with the topics of "protection of human beings for current risks and incidents", which are part of the individual subjects taught in primary and secondary schools. These topics are currently a very important component of primary and secondary education. Pupils or students need to improve their knowledge of these issues related to the protection of the population. In case of these emergencies, pupils or students are required to show responsible behavior, to be able to orientate themselves in the given situation, to help the affected people and to call the rescue forces to the site. Teachers at elementary and secondary schools who have education in the field of population protection and pass on information to pupils or students using teaching aids and aids. I asked the individual teachers about the subjects they are teaching. Themes are integrated into many subjects, such as education for health, man and the world of work, man and his world, civic education, but also primary education at elementary school, natural science or biology, chemistry or physics. Framework education programs for primary and secondary schools include topics related to the protection of the population. At the school level, they present school education programs issued by the individual school heads, and according to these programs, the education is carried out at individual schools.

The goal of this thesis was to analyze processes of the Emergency Medical Dispatch Center of the Emergency Medical Service of the Pilsen Region (ZOS ZZS Pk) when dealing with a mass casualty incident. The theoretical part of the thesis provides basic information relevant to the Pilsen Region, the Emergency Medical Service of the Pilsen Region, basic information on operations and general work processes of an emergency medical dispatch center during a normal work regime, and specific activities performed when dealing with a mass casualty incident. The research part of this thesis analyses activities and processes of an emergency medical dispatch center as described in the Mutual Mission Types Manual for Integrated Rescue System forces while at a mutual incident - Activities of Integrated Rescue System Forces at a Mass Casualty Incident (STČ 09/IZS). Further on the thesis evaluates activities of the ZOS ZZS Pk taken while dealing with two mass casualty incidents. These were a bus accident nearby Rokycany town in 2013 and a two trains collision nearby Horažďovice town in 2015. In order to make the analysis of readiness of the ZOS ZZS Pk to deal with mass casualty incidents more complex, SWOT analysis was added to the results. Based on the results of the STČ 09/IZS-manual analysis and of the SWOT analysis, suggestions for new manuals were made, that should make all the actions taken by employees of the ZOS ZZS Pk while dealing with a mass casualty incident more efficient and more effective. The goal of this thesis: to analyze activities of the ZOS ZZS Pk while dealing with a mass casualty incident, and to create suggestions of which inadequacies to remove and how to make operations of the ZOS ZZS Pk more efficient and more effective when dealing with mass casualty incidents; has therefore been fulfilled. The main outcome of the thesis are the final recommendations for making operations of the ZOS ZZS Pk more efficient and more effective when dealing with a mass casualty incident.

This thesis deals with the Integrated Rescue System. The first part describes the history of IRS, legislation, individual components, public administration tasks in the IRS, stable authorities of IRS, documentation, degree of alarm and coordinating rescue and relief work. The second part focuses on the functioning of the fire station in Valašské Klobouky and on the shortcomings of the IRS.

The aim of my thesis was to find out the readiness of the South Bohemian Emergency Medical Service to deal with a potential extraordinary event of radiological nature. The content of the bachelor thesis is to analyze professional, material and technical readiness. The theoretical part deals with characteristics of integrated rescue system, exceptional events, ionising radiation and, last but not least, pre-hospital urgent care for irradiated persons. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis investigated the level of rediness of the Emergency Medical Service of the South Bohemian Region both in professional and material and technical level. There were two hypotheses in the thesis, H1: "Medical rescuers have knowledge how to treat patients contaminated with radiological agens," and H2: "The emergency medical service has material equipment for the treatment of patients contaminated with radiological agents." In order to achieve defined goals and to verify hypotheses, a questionnaire was put together and a survey was carried out. A statistical investigation was made using descriptive and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire consisted of closed questions. It contained 11 informative questions, 9 questions focused on problematics of treating patients contaminated with radiological agens, and 4 questions focused on the material and technical equipment of the medical rescue service. Respondents' questions were addressed with 3-5 possible answers, only one of which was correct. Data was collected during March 2017. Respondents were members of medical staff of the South Bohemian Emergency Medical Service. Sixty anonymous questionnaires were distributed in the South Bohemian Region, more precisely in the territorial centre České Budějovice and the regional resorts Jindřichův Hradec, Český Krumlov and Tábor. Total of 42 respondents participated in the survey. The results of the survey show that the knowledge of paramedic in this area is below average. The arithmetic mean of knowledge was 5.79 points out of 9, for material and technical equipment it was 1.79 points out of 2. The results of the survey show that the goals of the thesis were fulfilled, one (it intended hypotheses H1: Medical rescuers have knowledge how to treat patients contaminated with radiological agens) hypotheses was rejected and one (it inteded hypotheses H2: The emergency medical service has material equipment for the treatment of patients contaminated with radiological agents) accepted. The benefit of the bachelor thesis is mainly the preparation of a basic comprehensive overview of the readiness and materiál and technical support of the South Bohemian Emergency Medical Service for the treatment of patients contaminated with radiological agents.

Risk analysis is a very important keystone for preparation of the rescue system during a disastrous situation. It defines risks which are needed for the rescue system in given timeline. It also provides basic data regarding necessary preparation of rescue forces and resources within the defined area. Of course it is not the most perfect instrument for crisis set-up as it cannot, on the whole, express the risks and threats while talking about recent phenomenon such as terrorism etc. In these cases risk analysis can only come out from scenarios and geopolitical situations or experiences from previous disasters that the world has already experienced. Risk analysis answers questions such as - what can happen, how it will happen, where this could happen, how many people can be in danger or affected. The result is a model system of an operation during this nonstandard disastrous situation for the whole system which is ready to help the people in danger. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis describes characteristic of the area, where the risk analysis was made for Integrated Rescue System set-up, risks according to specific industrial activities and public health risks. The following chapters are dedicated to specific basic and other elements of the Integrated Rescue System, the basic elements are stated in further details. The most detailed part is the paramedics, because the risk analysis focuses primarily on their activities within the framework of incidents affecting public health. Within this topic the legislative basis is written in detail, in the meaning of Type Activities, levels of alarms, trauma plans, activation of forces and resources of Integrated Rescue System in case of public health affection report and other law-based keystones for the operation of basic elements, laws, regulations, statutory rules, declaratory regulations and other documents, complemented by Crisis Management problems. The operation of Fire Fighter Department, Police of the Czech Republic and other elements of the Integrated Rescue System is also stated up according to the thesis topic including a chapter about a co-operation of all above mentioned elements in a place of mass people endangerment. Health Care Crisis Management chapter closes the theoretical part of the thesis, and it is an integral part of managing disastrous situations in order to maintain the standard care administration even outside the area of disastrous incidents. The trauma plan of Paramedic provider and in-patient or day-care providers is being studied trough in detail right in this chapter. Summarized data within the health care securement in municipalities with extended effectiveness including the surrounded medical facilities can be found in the practical part of this thesis. According to data collection the summary of the most critical events the Paramedics had to deal with in Kralupy nad Vltavou selected municipalities with extended effectiveness in the last fifteen years. Ten years ago the methodical Integrated Rescue System training with focus on operational cooperation was carried out as a terroristic attack in Kralupy nad Vltavou. The results of this training came out as comments with actual risks and threats in the chapter called "Results". The core of the practical part is Medical Risk Analysis according to FMEA risk analysis compared with risk analysis from municipality with extended effectiveness listed in the Emergency plan of Central Bohemia Region. Based on the research forces and resources of basic integrated rescue system components are mentioned, which were the first to be sent to solve a disastrous situation including medical equipment. In conclusion of the practical part risk modelling with situation review is mentioned.

This thesis deals with issue of preparedness of EMS Central Bohemia on multiple victims' emergencies. In addition to preparedness of EMS Central Bohemia the thesis also analyses the system of training and education of employees in the management of mass casualty. The theoretical part discusses the legislation on EMS, files from Catalogue of model activities related to this issue, coordination of parts of Integrated Rescue System (IRS) on site of event and role of EMS on-site emergencies. Further, the specifics of EMS Central Bohemia are described, the development of EMS Central Bohemia since its establishment (inception) to the present, organizational structure, mass casualty's emergencies preparedness, EMS dispatch (medical operations center), system of emergency calls management and finally Traumatology plan of EMS Central Bohemia. Aim of the thesis was based on analysis of the current status to propose optimal system of deployment and activation of forces and resources, and to propose system of employees' education and system of testing exercises. Based on research, SWOT analysis was developed (composed) and the results were compared with pre-established hypotheses. From obtained findings the comprehensive overview of forces and resources of EMS Central Bohemia region for mass casualty management was prepared. In particular, the number of available resources on duty, system of backups, modules and containers for mass casualties and their deployment. When evaluating resources for mass casualty management also an economic aspect was taken into consideration, as well as ambulance crews' knowledge on possible use of these resources. Based on this review, it was found that in terms of securing forces and resources, the readiness of EMS Central Bohemia is appropriate. Hereby the hypothesis nr.1, which presumed that EMS Central Bohemia has sufficient number of forces and resources to deal with emergencies with multiple victims has been confirmed. The hypothesis nr.2, which presumed that forces and resources deployment is not ideal, on the contrary has not been confirmed. In this thesis the current status of employees' preparation for mass casualty was also discussed. It was found that the base of this preparation is Course for leading employee of rescue service, organized by Department of crisis preparedness. At the same time the conception is set that after first four pilot courses this education system will be applied to particular areas, thereby should be secured sufficient education of crews of EMS Central Bohemia region in this issue. Other education options were also defined, which are now already available in the organization. The hypothesis nr.3, which presumed that system of preparation and training focused on mass casualty is not appropriate, have thus managed to disprove. However it was found that although a clear conception and education options in this field exist, it's not well known to ordinary employees. One of the conclusions is therefore also a recommendation to managers of EMS Central Bohemia to more inform their employees about these options. One of the goals of this thesis was to suggest a system of learning and testing exercises. This proposal is described in the conclusion the proposed number of testing exercises is at least 4 times a year. The total number of employees of the organization and the number of those who may have the capacity and operational reasons to participate on similar exercises has been taken into consideration here. The education system was found appropriate, only with above mentioned objection regarding to awareness of ordinary employees about it.

This thesis is divided into two basic parts a theoretical and a practical one. Its aims are to evaluate the emergency preparedness of the chosen regional emergency squad to emergencies and the efficiency of the feedback on an emergency as well as to compare the amount of human forces and the means used in chosen emergencies. Hypotheses are added to individual aims. The theoretical part constitutes an introduction to the topic. The Integrated Rescue System and the classification of incidents are mentioned in the first chapter. The second chapter is focused on an emergency, its definition and a possible procedure of rescue squads dealing with an emergency as well as on the way the injured are sorted. Following chapters deal with crisis management in health care with an emphasis on crisis management planning and preparation of individual. Last two chapters of the theoretical part are devoted to the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region and material and technical equipment important for a successful dealing with emergencies is mentioned there. In order to achieve the first goal, i.e. to evaluate the emergency preparedness of the chosen regional emergency squad to emergencies, I made a survey via questionnaires which was divided into two parts: The purpose of the first part was to evaluate the preparedness of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region as a whole, which was achieved via a questionnaire survey conducted among medical employees working in leading positions. In order to compare the survey results with those of the South Moravian and South Bohemian Regions, the questionnaire was borrowed from Mgr. Zuzana Němečková after her personal consent. The second part is based on a survey via questionnaires the target group of which was the medical personnel of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region. The questionnaire was designed according to a questionnaire by Mgr. Zuzana Táchová after her personal consent in order to compare her results received in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. České Budějovice Hospital. The results of both surveys are thoroughly analysed in the discussion part. However, as regards the preparedness of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region, there was no difference found compared to the preparedness of medical facilities of the South Moravian and South Bohemian Regions. On the other hand, there was quite a surprising outcome of the survey conducted among the medical personnel of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region. From the statistical measurement, it was revealed that the results achieved by the medical personnel working for the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region for a longer time were worse than those achieved by the medical personnel with a shorter work experience. For the purposes of the second and the third aim of this thesis, namely the evaluation of the efficiency of the feedback on an emergency and the comparison of the amount of human forces and the means used in chosen emergencies, I have chosen two emergencies which took place in the Central Bohemian Region. Consequently, I compared both of them with the Recommended Procedure No. 18 issued by the Czech Society for Emergency and Disaster Medicine within the Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně Health Affected in Disasters coping with the situation on scene by the emergency medical service. The outcome of the comparison is thoroughly analysed in the discussion part. In conclusion, it is possible to state the importance of the final report on the intervention.

This bachelor thesis deals with the changig of identifycation medical members and group at a place of emergency incidents. There were changins in legislative in these identifications in 2012. These changigns influenc work of Emergency Medical Servis and other members of Integrated Rescue System during emergency incidents. The emergency situacions and numbers of persons that are involved on health are graduated. That increase pretension to medical care from individual to urgent. Because all people have their right to medical care. That is why the cooperation of all subjects the Integrated Rescue System has to be effective. One part of this bachelor work is also an analyse of documents that deal with the basics factors of IRS during emergency incidents.

In the diploma work, we familiarised the reader with the basic theoretical starting points concerning emergency medical services and preparedness for emergencies. First of all, in this part, we elaborated a basic overview of the organisational structure of the emergency medical services of the Ústecký kraj region, and of its subdivisions. Next, we outlined the educational system of the paramedical staff of the emergency medical services of the Ústecký kraj region, focused on the area of crisis management. The crisis management competence of paramedical staff involved in emergency medical services was the subject of a separate sub-chapter. We linked these chapters with the issue of the formation of the department of disaster medicine. Here, we defined the tasks and aims of disaster medicine. To create a better understanding of the issue, a part of the chapter consists of the basic terminology used in disaster medicine. The main aim of the diploma work is the analysis of the knowledge of the paramedical staff of the emergency medical services of the Ústecký kraj region in terms of preparedness for emergencies. The sub-objectives of the thesis are the analysis of the knowledge of the medical rescue workers of the emergency medical services of the Ústecký kraj region in terms of preparedness for emergencies, and the analysis of general nurses' knowledge of, and qualifications in, the specialist anaesthesiological-resuscitative care of the emergency medical services of the Ústecký kraj region in terms of preparedness for emergencies. The methodology of the work lay in the quantitative analysis of statistical data that we gathered from questionnaires that were filled in by randomly selected respondents among the paramedical staff of the emergency medical services of the Ústecký kraj region. We prepared the content of the questionnaire in the context of the issues studied. The respondents chose from a number of pre-defined answers to a total of 20 questions. The data obtained underwent statistical analysis with the use of statistical research methods, scaling, measurement in descriptive statistics, elementary statistical processing, non-parametric testing, estimation theory, and parametric testing. From the results of the practical part of the diploma work, it is evident that the knowledge of the medical rescue workers of the emergency medical services in terms of the preparedness for emergencies of the Ústecký kraj region is close to the normal frequency distribution N (mi and sigma). Also the general nurses' knowledge of, and qualification in, the specialist anaesthesiological-resuscitative care of the emergency medical services of the Ústecký kraj region, in terms of preparedness for emergencies, is close to the normal frequency distribution N (mi and sigma).

The theme of my thesis is the System of logistical support for emergencies in the Emergency Medical Service in selected regions of the Czech Republic. I chose this theme mainly because of the fact that I work as a rescuer in the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region. In the first part of the thesis, there is specified the essential terminology which is included in the whole project. There is described the historical summary of the beginning of the Emergency Medical Service and the logistics. Other chapters concern the description of the Integrated Rescue System and the essential cooperation of its elements during the intervention. I also analyse the issue of the logistics and public health disabilities on the place of the intervention. In addition, I describe individual Emergency Medical Services in three selected regions of the Czech Republic. It included the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region, the Prague Emergency Medical Service and the Emergency Medical Service of the South Bohemian Region. In chapters which deal with these Emergency Medical Services, there are expounded their forces, (medical) facilities and material support for coping with emergencies. In last chapters, I submit the summary of activities of the Ministry of Health. Furthermore, I mention activities of the allowance organization of Medical Support for the State of Emergency and also activities and roles of the Administration of State Material Reserves ? Czech Republic. Lastly, I summarize findings of the whole thesis in the chapter called ?Discussion?. I also evaluate the accomplishment of set goals and answer to scientific questions which I have already put before the formation of this thesis in the Groundwork for the thesis. In the part ?Results?, I illustrate the amount of exit positions of EMS in individual regions through the use of tables and graphs and I add an overview of the average number of exit positions and rescue teams related to the area of the territory and the number of inhabitants in the region. The aim of my thesis (was): ? to describe the state of the logistical support of the Emergency Medical Service in three selected regions of the Czech Republic (the Central Bohemian Region, Prague, the South Bohemian Region) ? to choose the most appropriate model of the logistical support for emergencies Questions of research: ? What are differences in logistical support for emergencies in the Emergency Medical Services in selected regions of the Czech Republic? ? Which aspects influence the selection of the most appropriate model? The main aim of my thesis ? to describe the state of the logistical support of the Emergency Medical Service in three selected regions of the Czech Republic ? was accomplished. I go into details in chapters 6, 7 and 8. In the chapter ?Discussion?, I described differences in logistical support and in this chapter I write that the mathematical quantification of the material support is not as important as the fact that there is a logistical planning of support for emergencies based on an analysis of risks which are the part of an emergency medical plan of concrete Emergency Medical Services in all selected regions of the Czech Republic. Each of mentioned EMS has special modules for the solution to eventual emergencies and in their usage employees are regularly schooled. In my opinion, this is the most important fact.

This diploma thesis deals with problematic of emergency medical service preparedness in the Czech Republic, in the place of disaster and during this situation especially in bus accident with large number of injuries and casualties. Bus accident can create high risk of forming mass disaster due to many people transported in small area with low safety components. High risk of many injuries and casualties with chaotic first call make hard decision to activate plans to solve this situation for emergency services. Theoretical part of diploma thesis maps transformation of Czech paramedic system organization from districts to regions and new legislations for emergency medical service that solve preparedness, organization and duties during large incidents. Due to this new legislations were formed offices for emergency preparedness which ensure this preparedness. Practical part of diploma thesis is analysis of Czech paramedic preparedness that solve bus accidents as disaster. For this analysis were used data from regional emergency medical service headquarters (EMS HQ) - bus accident reports, drills for staff and special material equipments. But only 3 EMS HQ provided acceptable data and 1 EMS HQ partly acceptable data. Aim of this study is assessment in preparedness change for disaster during examined time (2000 - 2011) and comparison of real event to training drills. This part of thesis is supplied by statistic data (transformed into graphs) of bus accidents with injuries and casualties from department of Transportation Police of the Czech republic and Fire Rescue Service Directorate. Whole practical part is made by analysis of primary (documents, EMS HQ personal visits) and secondary information (information servers, journals). Within this analysis was made evaluation of Czech emergency medical preparedness for bus accidents with large number of injuries and casualties. This analysis shows that in area of the Czech Republic is missing central directorate for Czech paramedic system. Which is shown in varying material, drill and whole preparedness for disaster situation. This problem is also made by new legislation that were not here before (law for emergency medical system and law notices). High variation of equipments and procedures in solving disasters can cause difficulties during accident intervention on the borders of paramedic regions. For comparison to other countries preparedness is in this thesis mentioned Poland - special training course for specialist in disaster management, USA - Medical Alert Center (MAC) and Israel - control system for disaster drills.

The frequency of emergency incidents and the expanding spectrum of all possible mass casualties require preventive and safety precautions and fast professional respond to their occurrence. Emergency prevailing medical complication requests from Medical Rescue Service providers a different attendance to intervention than is usually requested in their daily routine activities. Daily routines of Medical Rescue Service providers include medical treatments of one or two patients using urgent care medicine methods, which present a full medical treatment to a particular patient from the first contact to their handing over to other medical services providers. In emergencies with mass casualties? incidence, it is impossible to attend one particular patient at a time, but it is necessary to adjust priorities in medical attendance to patients in dispatch and as well to transfer all patients to other medical service provider facilities. Shall there be an emergency with mass casualties, there are few concomitant circumstances in their solving, and these are: lack of time for decision making and rescue works co-ordination, panic, delay in treatment and transport of patients to other medical facilities. Especially at the rescue work start of all integrated rescue system units, forces and equipments are insufficient, as for example lack of professional medical staff, rescuer and medical equipment including medicaments. The ration of rescue forces and medical equipment to a number of patients optimizes in following process, when a successful outcome is conditioned by the rescue work in the first thirty to sixty minutes. It is, thus, very important to paying attention to the organization and control of rescue works of all integrated rescue units right from the start. An intergrated rescue system is mentioned in theoretical part of the thesis. On the strenght of valid legislation, the provider of Medical Rescue Service is generally described, particularly focused on preparedness and solving of emergency incidents by the Medical Rescue Service of South Bohemia. Furthermore, the organisation trauma plan,the START asset classification of casualties with the follow-up method using identification and sorting cards (medical classification) are described. The theoretical part of thesis is closed up by an outlined exterior emergency plan of the nuclear power plant Temelin with focus on its trauma plan related to the Medical Rescue Service of South Bohemia activities solving emergency situation in the connection with an outflow of radioactive substance. The thesis was written on the ground of a qualitative research using the method of a semi-led interview of seven superintendant medical doctors of Medical Rescue Service from different areas in South Bohemia. The content of the research was an evaluation of possible development and potentional changes in preparing and also consequential activities of medical units at emergency situations with mass casulties. Research questionaire was focused on competence and funcion of medical dispatching centre, establishing work process of first paramedics attending at the place of an emergency situation, also co-operation of medical units with other units of an integrated rescue system and as well the tie-in system to other medical facilities. The aim of the research was establishing hypotheses in terms of Medical Rescue Service of South Bohemia preparadness to solution of emergency situations. Created hypotheses attached to a chapter ¨Discussion¨ may be verified, in the future, by a quantitative research. Other thesis aims are included in attachment part. It represents an interpretation of tactical and testing practise of Medical Rescue Service of South Bohemia from 2006 to 2012 and topics focused on emergency incidents and mapping incidence and solution of emergency incidents with mass casualties in South Bohemia region from 2003 to 2012.

The aim of the dissertation was to assess and evaluate the readiness of the emergency medical services to respond to a potential extraordinary event of a chemical, biological, irradiating or nuclear character. The scope of the dissertation was to map professional, material, technical and legislative preparation in this regard. This data offers an overview of the experiences of emergency personnel from a practical standpoint, gained through action or training, and is enriched by additional specific data from the Emergency Medical Services of the South Bohemian Region. The information gathered for the purpose of authoring the dissertation was obtained by utilisation of quantitative and qualitative research methods. In the case of quantitative research, data was gathered by means of an anonymous questionnaire, where the research file was constituted by physicians and medical emergency personnel. In the case of qualitative research a form of directed interview with the deputy of the crisis management team of the emergency medical services was used.

Comparing the operation of the Police, Fire Brigade and Ambulance Service in the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria and Slovakia. Various authorities and different assignments of the members evoked an impulse to make a coordinated progress at rescue and liquidation works in MU - the joint rescue service. Joint rescue service integrates the daily needs in the cooperation of firemen, medics, the police and other departments at solving MU, for example fires, disasters or traffic accidents. The police, firefighters and the medical rescue service are governed by law No. 239/2000 Sb., about an Integrated Rescue System and about the change of some laws in the constituent parts. These components have also their own personal law and regulations, according to which they governs themselves. Law No. 238/2000 Sb., about firefighters in the Czech Republic and about the change in some laws, law No. 273/2000 Sb., about the police of the Czech Republic and law No. 374/2011 Sb., about the medical rescue service. The Bachelor thesis describes how individual forces are managed, their organizational structures and the way important tasks are performed. Every state has its own system, according to whose firemen, the police and the rescue service are in place and some differ from the system in the Czech Republic. Step by step, the thesis compares the systems of these forces from the point of view of authorities, legislative measures, arrival times or numbers of professional substitution of the employees. After establishing the criteria and their subsequent analysis, it came to light that the Czech Republic does not lag substantially behind in comparison with Germany, Austria and Slovakia, but in certain matters some countries appear to have a more elaborate system.

We live in a time when people are increasingly threatened by emergencies that affect the health or lives of everyone. To prevent or delay the dangerous effects of these emergencies and crisis situations, our society has created a system eliminating these effects. The thesis is focused on this system, which is tailored and ready to address emergency situations by using its forces and equipment. In the Czech Republic such situations are managed by using some of components of the Integrated Rescue System. The objective of the thesis was to identify the readiness of forces and equipment of basic components of the Integrated Rescue System, which are the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, the Police of the Czech Republic, the Emergency Medical Service and other components of the Army of the Czech Republic to manage emergencies. In order to determine how the individual components, members of individual components respectively, view the readiness of forces and equipment of basic components of the Integrated Rescue System and the Army of the Czech Republic, I personally distributed questionnaires focused on this issue. I made up one hundred questionnaires, and because I myself handed them out and collected them, the return rate was 100 %. Each file contains twenty-five questionnaires. Questionnaires were processed into tables and graphs and in this manner an overview was created showing how each of the components sees the readiness of forces and equipment to manage emergency situations.

First aid represents the first and extremely important stage in the emergency medical procedure. The necessity to provide first aid may arise at any time as the current modern era poses numerous new risks which may cause many extraordinary events with consequences for individuals and groups of people or even for entire populations. Therefore the professional training of the population should stress first aid as it may reduce vulnerability and improve resistance of the population against extraordinary events, the number of which keeps growing. The objective of the thesis was to assess whether the civilian population is prepared to provide first aid in case of an extraordinary event. The research methods to meet the mentioned objective and to obtain the information necessary for results processing included a questionnaire and analytical examination. The questionnaire consisted of 15 previously prepared questions. The questions in the questionnaire were divided into four parts based on specific formulated objectives. The questionnaire survey was conducted in the South Bohemian region in the town of Tábor. The target group consisted of 250 respondents of both sexes, selected at random in four different age categories. The first group of respondents consisted of respondents aged 10- 20, the second category 20- 40, the third category 40- 60 and the last one consisted of respondents over 60 years of age. The preparedness of the population was examined at three levels, i.e. at the level of knowledge, level of emotions and experience level and the level of motivation. The formulated hypothesis: ?Civilian population is ready to provide first aid in agreement with applicable first aid standards? has been confirmed only partly at those three levels. The thesis also produced some secondary results concerning assessment of vulnerability and resistance of the population during the provision of first aid under extraordinary circumstances. One of the secondary outcomes was a finding that seniors seem to be by far most vulnerable and, on the contrary, the category aged 20- 40 seems to be the most resistant. Within the possibilities and scope of my thesis I have attempted to contribute to identification of important aspects that potentially influence the willingness of people to provide first aid and to highlight the importance of first aid training.

KREJČOVÁ, M., The Effect of Current Stress on Human Psyche. Graduation theses České Budějovice: ZSF JU, 2011.100s. Stress is nothing exeptional and if it occurs, there are certain wals how to eliminate it. I present here some information which can be in my opinion suitable when coping with stressful situations in emergencies and eliminating the negative effects on human psyche. The text is conceived as a general view of this issue. For this reason, I did not incorporate any examples into the text, but I just suggested possible solution procedures. What steps should be taken to maintain the mental preparedness to stressful stimuli associated with solving an emergencys and its individual parts. The answer is not simple, but at least I tried it indicate it.

A set of documents, called the Index of Model Activities of the Integrated Rescue System Forces was compiled to improve coordination of these forces. The Index describes organizational procedures of the IRS forces during ten cases of emergency. However, are members of basic IRS forces familiar with these documents? Are the IRS workers aware of procedures and needs of the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) staff? The objective of this thesis is to survey views and findings of the IRS workers regarding the above mentioned issues, evaluate possibilities to improve knowledge of these issues.

This bachelor degree thesis focuses on cooperation between the emergency medical service, social services and volunteer organizations. The objective of the thesis was to determine whether the emergency medical service cooperates with volunteer organizations and social services. The research part involved distribution of questionnaires to 74 members of staff of the emergency medical service and 69 volunteers from volunteer organizations and social services in the South Bohemian region. The first part of the thesis describes the Integrated Rescue System, related terminology and situations and cases in which the individual components of the system may cooperate and the importance of such cooperation between the organizations. I also described basic components of the Integrated Rescue System and their tasks. Subsequently, I focused on volunteering, related terminology and I described volunteer and social services organizations, their main objectives and tasks. The second part of the thesis contains results of my research which used a quantitative method of inquiry; to each target group were distributed 100 questionnaires. Members of the emergency services of them returned 74 (74%) and from voluntary organizations and social components of 69 (69%). The research and the results represent a major part of the thesis and they demonstrate that the emergency medical service cooperates with volunteer organizations and social services in a sufficient extent and that the cooperation is of a sufficient quality. Further, the results have confirmed that volunteer organizations and social services have special means and equipment, not available to the emergency medical service, and that without such equipment the activities of the emergency medical service would be in some cases less effective or would not be possible at all. The conclusions of the thesis include suggestions for improvement of the quality of cooperation between the mentioned organizations.

To deal with and prepare for extraordinary events, the Czech Republic has the Integrated Rescue System, which is not an individual organization as such, but rather a system of co-ordinated activities of basic bodies, namely the Fire-Brigade of the Czech Republic and fire prevention units included in the area coverage, the Police of the Czech Republic and the Medical Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. It is the coordination of the Integrated Rescue System{\crq}s basic bodies what is absolutely essential for the effectiveness of the intervention in the place of an extraordinary event. To make the process of rescue and liquidation work really effective, type activities for the basic bodies during a collective intervention have been put together for selected extraordinary events. These activities focus mainly on the co-ordination of the bodies in the place of the extraordinary event as well as the co-ordination of the related bodies by their operations centres. This thesis aimed to analyze the work of the Czech Police as a body of the Integrated Rescue System in the area of extraordinary events as well as to point out possible insufficiencies and propose some ways of improvement. The findings gained can be used in the professional training of individuals, particularly from the ranks of the Czech Police, which handle the question of dealing with extraordinary events. The thesis includes a list of these type activities approved by the Integrated Rescue System{\crq}s bodies with reference to the effective legal documents and the analysis of responsibilities performed by the Police of the Czech Republic within the individual type activities. The conclusion indicates disparities between the theory and the practice, which arose during the elaboration of the thesis, particularly insufficient knowledge of the type activities on behalf of the policemen and deficient material facilities of the Czech Police as an Integrated Rescue System{\crq}s body, mainly protective aids for performing tasks related to potential contamination of the policemen by various chemical, biological and radioactive substances etc.

Rescue people from the means of transport in the liquidation of the consequences of mass disaster Abstract This work brings the view of how people are rescued at accidents and the subsequent liquidation of the consequences of mass disaster. The first part of the work is focused on the current number of accident rate in the Czech Republic. The other part deals with the methodology that can be used by the fire units and other units of the Integrated Rescue System and the subsequent liquidation of the extraordinary events in the traffic. In the bachelor´s work, the proposal of situations how to practise the training and competions at rescuing people from the crashed vehicles is processed and from that is possible to come out at the real action at the accidents.

The thesis deals with the issue of cooperation between the Fire-Brigade{\crq}s machinery service and the fire protection bodies within the area of municipalities with extended scope of powers of Český Krumlov and Kaplice. Being one of the special services, the machinery service ensures the reliability of the automobile machinery and material means of the fire protection as well as other machinery of the Integrated Rescue System. Faultless operation of this service is of key importance in effective fighting of fires and other extraordinary events along with the safety of the intervening bodies and the persons rescued. The thesis is divided into several parts describing the activities of the machinery service on one side and the fire protection bodies on the other within the area covered. Explaining the base the machinery service originated from, legal regulations related to the machinery service and its scope of operation, the thesis also evaluates material and technical equipment as well as the level of its provision. Furthermore, it analyses proce-dures and activities when taking action in the case of three events with a reaction on technical preparatory work. The thesis aims to scrutinize the responsibilities, activities and work organisation of the Fire-Brigade{\crq}s Machinery Service of the Czech Republic when dealing with extraordinary events and crisis situations within the scope of the Lo-cal Division of the Fire-Brigade of Český Krumlov. Moreover, the thesis evaluates the readiness, facilities and further advancement of the machinery service.

I have chosen the topic ``Knowledge of Work with a Traumatological Plan by Workers of the Medical Rescue Service{\crqq} due to topicality its content. Nowadays so called extraordinary events are still more frequent. The most frequent ones in the Czech Republic are floods, windstorms and traffic accidents, both on railways and roads. Also danger of terrorist attacks is still more frequent, not only in the world, but also in our territory. The extraordinary event is practically always connected with higher number of wounded people. Therefore it is necessary for us to be better prepared for these situations (events), especially as far as providing timely and effective pre-hospital immediate care is concerned, i.e. providing expert medical first aid in the spot of the extraordinary event. For these reasons the traumatological plan of the medical rescue service has been developed, which is updated twice a year in compliance with the latest pieces of knowledge. The objective of my thesis was to map knowledge of work with the traumatological plan in pre-hospital immediate care at workers of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. There have been established two hypotheses for research. The hypothesis 1, i.e. that workers of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region have theoretical knowledge of the traumatological plan, have been confirmed by the total share of 71 % of all correct responses provided by all respondents. In my opinion this number is in the low limit of capacity in order to confirm this hypothesis. However I consider this value sufficient for confirmation of theoretical knowledge of the traumatological plan, and consequently also of the hypothesis 1. The hypothesis 2, i.e. that workers of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region can use theoretical knowledge of the traumatological plan in practice, has not been confirmed based on the 52% share of respondent, who during their work in the medical rescue service participated in practical exercises in the framework of the traumatological plan. However I do not consider the share of 52 % as sufficient for confirmation of the hypothesis 2. This results in disproving of hypothesis 2. This bachelor thesis could be used as a study material for students in medical specializations in higher educational institutions and colleges.

The thesis deals with activities of components of the Integrated Emergency Management System of the Czech republic in the event of an anonymous bomb threat on the dam of Římov reservoir and evaluates preparedness and professional conduct of individual fundamental components of the Integrated Emergency Management System (IEMS) in this emergency incident. The content of the thesis is based on findings obtained by reading up available materials and information about actions of components of the IEMS in the course of individual bomb threats from the past. The objective of the thesis is to analyse the problem of an anonymous bomb threat, to assess preparedness of individual components of the IEMS to manage the situation in the event of anonymous bomb threat on the dam of Římov reservoir and to suggest possible procedures of the IEMS as a response to this criminal activity. Evaluation of preparedness of components of the IEMS is performed by questionnaire research the results of which are presented in charts. I also describe possible scenarios of this emergency incident and a scenario of the response of components of the IEMS, possibly resulting in state of emergency. In the last part of the thesis I evaluate preparedness of the Integrated Emergency Management System components in this emergency incident and I point out possible shortcomings which could occur in reality and which resulted from the analysis.

The diploma thesis deals with problems of collaboration of the Integrated Rescue System at coordination of its units intervention in larger traffic accidents, to be specific in coach traffic accidents with a bigger number of the injured and the dead. In the thesis two significant traffic accidents and cooperation training of the units of the Integrated Rescue System are compared at intervals of last five years. Following the analysis it is possible to monitor not only the increasing level of technical and material equipment of single units, but also the increasing level of coordination of their activities. The main aim of the thesis is evaluation of the current level of collaboration of the units of the Integrated Rescue System in a larger traffic accident, eventually a proposal of possible adjustment or modification of currently already used type activities of the units of the Integrated Rescue System.

This bachelor{\crq}s work is concerned with the principles of crisis management and planning in the area of health service. A special attention is paid to the Rescue Service as the crucial link of the Integrated Rescue System. The theoretical part of the work provides a kind of simplified summary of information from the area of the theory of crisis management and planning. Subsequently, the basic principles of crisis management in health service are defined. The core part of this work deals with specific conditions of the Plzeň Region, unveils the basic features of the crisis plan of this region, as well as analyses the traumatological plan of the Plzeň Region and verifies its effectiveness. The work ends with the assessment of the standard of crisis management in the territory of the Plzeň Region.

The main goals of this dissertation were to discover wheather there exists some methodology for actions of the integrated emergency system in this king of emergency and to create planning for and responding to the emergency. This work includes a simple instrument for basic orientation for members of the Police of the Czech republic and members of other emergency services that may deal with the emergency arising after an explosion of a dirty bomb. The work presents a concrete model situation of the above mentioned emergency and the function of each emergency service, especially the Police of the Czech republic and description of their work, with the references to present legislation. This work points out the differences between theory and practice, which emerged after thorough examination of the single actions and facilities of each part of the integrated emergency system. It also contains suggestions for future solution.

In my bachelor work I dealt with problems of medical rescue service and its medical emergency service rescue groups and with emergency rescue help and times within which members of these rescue services make their activity. Medical rescue service provides affected people with a professional pre-clinical urgent care where they were injured or where a sudden disorder happened. All this happen during their transport to other professional treatment and also during their forwarding to a health service. Members of rescue services provide affected people with pre-clinical urgent care. Members of rescue services of medical emergency service are a group of emergency medical help (EMH), medical emergency service (MES) and a group of air rescue service (ARS). The system of medical rescue service is made on the principle of a sequence and refilling possibilities of particular levels providing urgent pre-clinical care and on the principle of an organization of medical rescue service in a way so that the accessability of pre-clinical urgent care and its providing within 15 minutes from receiving emergency call except for the cases worthy special respect is ensured. The rescue system on the level of districts should be able to treat 50 affected people (in county boroughs up to 150 people) at the liquidation of consequences of exceptional events with a rise of mass medical casualties.