Search

Zingiber zerumbet affords the essential oil having important application and its rhizomes are the main ingredient in traditional Indian Ayurveda formulation. We report here the impact of enzymes on the isolable yield of oleoresin and essential oil (EO) from Zingiber zerumbet. The impact of enzymes like cellulase, amylase, bio-protease, pectinase, hemi-cellulase and enzyme for herbal extract is evaluated. Viscozyme affords the highest oleoresin (16%) and essential oil (7.1%), a betterment of 138% and 24% respectively. Zerumbone, a principal bioactive component of zerumbet, was afforded in 8.98% and 5.7% from oleoresin and essential oil. Box Behnken Design has been employed to optimize parameters to get the highest oleoresin and EO yield. The EO was tested for its inhibitory activity on α -amylase and α-glucosidase. The EO collected from viscozyme-assisted extraction inhibited α -amylase with IC 50 26 µM while the same from enzyme for herbal extract-assisted extraction inhibited α -glucosidase with IC 50 274 µM. The extraction efficiency of all the enzymes used here is reported. [Display omitted] • Viscozyme treated zerumbet affords high oleoresin & essential oil. • Zerumbone from oleoresin & essential oil was respectively 7.5% & 5.7%. • Zerumbet essential oil showed potent α -amylase and α -glucosidase inhibition. • Optimized the extraction method by RSM. • Quantified zerumbone by Gas Chromatography (GC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation can lead to skin damage and premature skin aging known as photoaging. This work found that UVA irradiation caused an imbalance between dermal matrix synthesis and degradation through the aberrant upregulation of transgelin (TAGLN) and studied the underlying molecular mechanism. Results: Co-immunoprecipitation and proximal ligation assay results showed that TAGLN can interact with USP1. USP1 can be retained in the cytoplasm by TAGLN in UVA-induced cells, which inhibits the interaction between USP1/zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), promote the ubiquitination degradation of ZEB1, and lead to photoaging. TAGLN knockdown can release USP1 retention and help human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) resist UVA-induced damage. The interactive interface inhibitors of TAGLN/USP1 were screened via virtual docking to search for small molecules that inhibit photoaging. Zerumbone (Zer), a natural product isolated from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, was screened out. Zer can competitively bind TAGLN to reduce the retention of USP1 in the cytoplasm and the degradation of ZEB1 ubiquitination in UV-induced HSFs. The poor solubility and permeability of Zer can be improved by preparing it as a nanoemulsion, which can effectively prevent skin photoaging caused by UVA in wild-type (WT) mice. Zer cannot effectively resist the photoaging caused by UVA in Tagln−/− mice because of target loss. Conclusions: The present results showed that the interaction of TAGLN and USP1 can promote ZEB1 ubiquitination degradation in UV-induced skin photoaging, and Zer can be used as an interactive interface inhibitor of TAGLN/USP1 to prevent photoaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for chemical fingerprinting of Zingiber zerumbet and quantitative estimation of zerumbone. Thirty-six batches of Z. zerumbet were collected from five eco-regions of eastern India. Zerumbone content varied from 52.4 to 214.6 mg/g (dry weight) in methanolic extract of Z. zerumbet rhizomes. Zerumbone content was in the following order: moist deciduous forests of the lower Gangetic plains > Brahmaputra valley evergreen forest > Odisha semi-evergreen forests > Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests > moist deciduous forest of the eastern highlands. Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of the relative peak areas (RPA) and relative retention times (RRT) of eight characteristic peaks in repeatability and stability test were <3%, and the fingerprinting method was confirmed to be suitable for Z. zerumbet rhizomes. Chemometric approaches like hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to classify Z. zerumbet samples based upon their eco-region. Consistent results were achieved showing Z. zerumbet samples could be effectively grouped according to their eco-region. The PCA loading plots identified three probable chemical markers, which might be useful in discriminating the samples. This combinative approach could be used for quality assessment of Z. zerumbet and for the formulations containing zerumbone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zerumbone exhibited various biological properties including in vitro immunosuppressive effects. However, its modulatory activity on the immune responses in experimental animal model is largely unknown. This investigation was conducted to explore the effects of daily treatment of zerumbone (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) isolated from Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes for 14 days on various cellular and humoral immune responses in Balb/C mice. For measurement of adaptive immunity, sheep red blood cells (sRBC) were used to immunize the mice on day 0 and orally fed with similar doses of zerumbone for 14 days. The effects of zerumbone on phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) release, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, proliferation of T and B cells, lymphocyte phenotyping, cytokines release in serum by activated T cells, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and immunoglobulins production (IgG and IgM) were investigated. Zerumbone downregulated the engulfment of E. coli by peritoneal macrophages and the release of NO and MPO in a concentration-dependent manner. Zerumbone showed significant and concentration-dependent suppression of T and B lymphocytes proliferation and inhibition of the Th1 and Th2 cytokines release. At higher concentrations of zerumbone, the % expression of CD4+ and CD8+ in splenocytes was significantly inhibited. Zerumbone also concentration-dependently demonstrated strong suppression on sRBC-triggered swelling of mice paw in DTH. Substantial suppression of anti-sRBC immunoglobulins antibody titer was noted in immunized and zerumbone-treated mice in a concentration-dependent manner. The potent suppressive effects of zerumbone on the immune responses suggest that zerumbone can be a potential candidate for development of immunosuppressive agent. • Zerumbone downregulated the engulfment of E. coli and release of NO and MPO. • Zerumbone showed suppression of cytokines release, T and B lymphocytes proliferation. • Zerumbone significantly inhibited the % expression of CD4+ and CD8+ in splenocytes. • Zerumbone demonstrated strong suppression on sRBC-triggered swelling of mice paw in DTH. • Zerumbone suppressed anti-sRBC immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG) antibody titer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rhizome of Zingiber roseum has been used as traditional medicines for the treatment of gastric ulcer, skin diseases, and liver infections. Zerumbone is an essential sesquiterpenoid previously isolated from different species of Zingiberaceae and possesses numerous pharmacological properties. Based on previous reports, the aim of the current study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of extract, fractions, and isolation of zerumbone from Zingiber roseum. The antimicrobial activity was determined using disc diffusion method. The serial tube dilution technique was used to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the samples. Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and open column chromatography were used for separation. The methanol extract exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger in both methods. VLC of the extract yielded five fractions (Fr. 1 to Fr. 5). Fr. 1 exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity compared to the other fractions. Column chromatography of Fr.1 generated 47 fractions. Fraction 1 to 9 were combined and crystallized in n-hexane to isolate zerumbone as the most abundant source (yield 6.5 % from dried MeOH extract). Zerumbone showed good activity against all tested bacteria. The results of our study might validate the ethnobotanical use of Zingiber roseum rhizomes in the treatment of infectious diseases. Moreover, Zingiber roseum could be one of the most abundant sources for the isolation of natural zerumbone to study different pharmacological studies in the field of new drug discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zingiber zerumbet is a type of wild ginger known worldwide for its medicinal values. Its constituents found in the rhizome suggest potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. As such, this study investigated the possible curative effects of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome ethanolic extract (ZZ) on Paracetamol (PCM)-induced hepatotoxicity. The plant was obtained from Sendayan, Negeri Sembilan and had been identified by the Biodiversity Unit of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia. Its rhizomes were processed and extracted with 80% ethanol. The chemical profile of the extract was determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, while hepatotoxic rats were treated orally with varied extract doses (250, 350, and 450 mg/kg bwt) for a week, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) was used as reference drug. At the end of the treatment, sera samples were collected for liver function tests (LFTs). The chemical profile of the extract determined via GC-MS analysis revealed three major compounds that contributed to the bioactivity of the plant. Zerumbone had the highest component concentration (95%) in the extract for GC-MS study. Significant improvements in LFT parameters (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total protein (TP) levels) were also observed in groups that received 350 and 450 mg/kg bwt extract, wherein the 350 mg/kg bwt dose appeared to be the most effective dose that reduced liver enzyme markers in PCM-induced hepatotoxic rats. Overall, Z. zerumbet exhibited the most optimum hepatocurative potential in enhancing liver functions amidst PCM-induced hepatotoxic rats at 350 mg/kg bwt dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) can form biofilms in the colon mucosal membrane and may promote chronic infection and tumor formation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of zerumbone extracted from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, on B. fragilis biofilm formation. Inhibitory effects of zerumbone on planktonic cell growth and biofilm formation were examined by crystal-violet biofilm assays and XTT metabolic assays. Results showed that zerumbone significantly inhibited biofilm formation and eradicated established biofilms. Furthermore, B. fragilis biofilms inhibited by zerumbone were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. qRT-PCR was used to support the phenotypic results and to investigate the expression levels of an efflux pump-related gene (bmeB). Specifically, among the efflux pump-related genes, zerumbone significantly suppressed the expression level of bmeB12. These results indicate that zerumbone might be a promising candidate as an anti-biofilm and antimicrobial agent to treat and prevent biofilm-related infections caused by B. fragilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oil of twenty-five germplasms of Zingiber zerumbet from different accessions of Eastern India were analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). A total of 29 constituents were identified representing between 72.45-98.93% of total area. Zerumbone content was found to be in a range of 60.1-79.59% for the tested rhizomes. Acc. Haroa (W.B) was found to contain highest amount of zerumbone (79.59%) in its rhizome oil. α-humulene, (0.62-7.15%), camphene (0.91-6.2%), α-fenchene (0.76-5.05%), eucalyptol (0.21-1.8%) and camphor (0.79-2.0%) were found as the other major constituents in all tested oils. According to agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and principal component analysis (PCA), the essential oil from collected accessions were divided into two major groups. Furthermore ISSR analysis showed 59.6-100% polymorphism among the tasted samples. The PIC value and the resolving power (RP) were found to be in a range of 0.37-0.71 and 3.76-12.48 respectively. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis divided the germplasms in to two major clusters. Nei's genetic diversity (h) of 0.2874± 0.1592 and Shannon's informationindex (I) of 0.4421± 0.2046 describes a low genetic diversity in Z. zerumbet. Furthermore ISSR analysis showed 59.6-100% polymorphism among the tested samples. The PIC value and the resolving power (RP) were found to be in a range of 0.37-0.71 and 3.76-12.48 respectively. The results of this study will be helpful in the assortment of appropriate genotypes for different climatic conditions as well as for the conservation and enhancement programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, which is used as a spice globally has a long history of medicinal use that stimulates investigators to assess its potential roles as an adjuvant therapy or alternative medicine in a range of diseases. Anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiulcer effects of ginger have been proven in many scientific studies, and some of the ancient applications of ginger as a home remedy has been confirmed in human. In this review, we summarized the current evidence on the effects of ginger consumption on gastrointestinal disorders based on clinical trials. Our data indicate that divided lower daily dosage of 1500 mg ginger is beneficial for nausea relief. Because of limited number of studies on some other gastrointestinal disorders, the results may not be as much powered as to find significant results. Therefore, more extensive and well‐controlled human studies of ginger or its standard extracts are required to demonstrate its efficacy as a gastroprotective agent. Dose‐finding studies should be undertaken to accurately determine the effective dose and preparation of ginger in further clinical trials protocol. This review shows that ginger is a useful supplement for many gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, bloating. It can be used at 1000 mg/day without any side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. (Family: Zingiberaceae) traditionally known as bitter ginger or shampoo ginger in India is cultivated mostly in tropical and subtropical regions all across the world. All the plant parts of Z. zerumbet have wide applications for traditional as well as medicinal purposes. The present communication phytochemically analyzes different plant parts of Zingiber zerumbet viz. leaves (ZZLEO), cone (ZZCEO), root (ZZREO), and rhizomes (ZZZEO) cultivated in the foothills of Uttarakhand providing all the agroclimatic conditions. GC-MS analysis confirms (E)-nerolidol as the major compound in ZZLEO and ZZCEO with 49.44% and 52.67% contribution respectively while zerumbone was found to be the major compound of ZZREO and ZZZEO constituting 72.23% and 70.25% of the total oil respectively. Four of the collected oils were dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes viz. 81.61% in ZZREO, 78.16% in ZZZEO, 65.42% in ZZCEO and 51.50% in ZZLEO. Principal component analysis (PCA) presented a total variance of 98.0% showing a positive correlation with zerumbone (63.9% variation along PC1) and with (E)-nerolidol (34.1% variation along PC2). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed two clusters grouped by a set of compounds from that of roots and rhizomes while another cluster characterized by the compounds obtained from leaves and cones due to their high chemical diversity in a number of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Therefore, there are significant differences in the chemical compositions of the different plant parts of Z. zerumbet. • The study analyzes the chemical composition of different plant parts of Zingiber zerumbet. • Leaf and cone oils were rich in (E)-nerolidol (49.44%–52.67%). • Zerumbone (70.25–72.23%) was identified as the major rhizome and root oil compound. • PCA showed the relation between EOs constituents and different plant parts used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as bitter ginger, has long been used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatments of inflammations, rheumatism, sprains, colic pain, diarrhea, tonsillitis and various other ailments. The aim of the present study was to assess the chemical composition of the rhizome essential oil of Zingiber zerumbet grown in the foothills of northern India using GC-FID, GC–MS, IR and NMR, and to evaluate the antibacterial and antiproliferative potential of the rhizome essential oil and its major constituent. Altogether, thirty-four constituents were identified representing 98.0% of the essential oil composition. Zerumbone (72.86%), α-humulene (7.09%), camphene (5.04%), humulene oxide I (2.45%), humulene oxide II (1.8%), and camphor (1.41%) were the major constituents. The potential of the rhizome essential oil of Z. zerumbet and zerumbone was tested against nine pathogenic bacterial strains. The results showed that both essential oil and zerumbone, possessed significant antagonist activity against Staphylococcus aureus -96 (MIC: 52.0–166.6 μg/mL), Streptococcus mutans (MIC: 62.5–208.0 μg/mL), and Escherichia coli (MIC: 104.1–208.0 μg/mL). Zerumbone was found more active compared to the essential oil. Moreover, the antiproliferative potential of Z. zerumbet oil and zerumbone was evaluated against various human cancer and normal cell lines (A549, MDAMB-231, A431, K562, WRL-68, COLO-205, HaCaT, and HEK-293). Results showed that, both essential oil and zerumbone possessed antiproliferative activity against tested cell lines, where zerumbone was more competent then essential oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. is an important perennial medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia. In this communication, the physicochemical differences in essential oil yield and chemical composition are investigated in relation to different comminution methods of Z. zerumbet rhizomes. The essential oils were extracted from the rhizomes using different comminution methods, namely grating (GR), chopping (CR), slicing (SR), using a mixture grinder (MR), and using a pestle mortar (PR). The essential oil of fresh rhizomes (FR) was also extracted to look for chemical variations depending on the respective comminution methods. Over thirty-three compounds were identified in the collections using GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. Zerumbone (69.66 ± 2.17 %- 73.9 ± 3.76%) was identified as the major compound in the collections followed by α-humulene (5.40 ± 1.38–14.99 ± 0.74%), humulene oxide-I (3.10 ± 0.23–3.81 ± 0.46%), humulene oxide-II (2.05 ± 0.06–2.47 ± 0.63%) and camphene (3.33 ± 0.68–3.56 ± 0.33%). • The physicochemical variation in the EOs due to different comminution methods was studied. • Over thirty-three compounds were identified in the collections using GC-FID/GC-MS. • Zerumbone (69.66 ± 2.17 %- 73.9 ± 3.76%) was identified as the major compound. • α-humulene (5.40–7.80% for 3 samples vs 13.41–14.99% for 2 samples) varied substantially. • PCA showed relation between EOs constituents and different comminution methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The extraction of bioactive compounds from herbal materials requires optimization in order to recover the highest active dose. Response surface methodology was used to optimize variables affecting the microwave extraction of zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet using the Box-Behnken design. The influence of variables, such as ethanol concentration (X), microwave power (X), irradiation time (X), and liquid-to-solid ratio (X), on the extraction of zerumbone was modeled using a second-order regression equation. The antiproliferative activity of optimized and non-optimized extracts was evaluated against the HeLa cancer cell line using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: Two linear parameters, X and X, and their quadratic parameters were highly significant at the P < 0.01 level. Two interaction parameters, XX and XX were significant, whereas interactions of XX, XX, XX and XX were insignificant (P > 0.05). The optimum microwave extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 44%; microwave power, 518 W; irradiation time, 38.5 s; and liquid-to-solid ratio, 38 mL/g. Under these conditions, the maximum zerumbone yield was 5.88 mg/g DM, which was similar to the predicted value (5.946 mg/g DM). Optimized and non-optimized Z. zerumbet rhizome extracts exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against HeLa cancer cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) values of 4.3 and 7.8 μg/mL, respectively, compared with 1.68 μg/mL for the anticancer drug cisplatin. When the extract concentration increased from 4.3 to 16.0 μg/mL, the inhibition of cancer cell growth increased from 50.0 to 79.5%. Conclusions: In this study, the optimized microwave protocol developed for extracting zerumbone from Z. zerumbet was faster and consumed less solvent than previous methods, while improving and enhancing the antiproliferative activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volatile oil (1.12%) from theZ. zerumbetrhizomes were extracted using Clevenger’s distillation. The GC and GC-MS profile of theZ. zerumbetvolatiles revealed several components of which Zerumbone was the principal compound (49.8%) followed by α-Caryophyllene (20.1%) and trace of other compounds. The antifungal property of volatiles was studied againstAspergillus flavusandAspergillus ochraceus. The fungal species were susceptible to volatiles, and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was 160 ppm forA. flavusand 175 ppm forA. ochraceus.The studies with the food toxigenic organisms treated with volatiles were significant. It revealed substantial inhibition of mycelia, spore germination, reduction in biomass, carbohydrate, protein, chitin and genetic constituents. The inhibitory action of zerumbet volatile oil onA. flavusandA. ochraceusinvolves cell wall damage and distortion in the metabolism. The SEM ofA. flavusandA .ocharceusillustrates that treatment with the oil leads to distortion of hyphae and the absence of conidiophores. TheZ. zerumbetvolatiles (100 ppm) were found to be antimycotoxin on maize as food substrates and were dose-dependent on confirmation by HPLC.Z. zerumbetoil is potentially useful as biopreservative because of its antifungal and antimycotoxin efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Several signaling pathways have been implicated as causative and progression agents. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α protein plays a dual role in promoting and inhibiting cancer depending largely on the pathway initiated by the binding of the protein to its receptor. Zerumbone, an active constituent of Zingiber zerumbet, Smith, is known to act on the tumor necrosis factor pathway upregulating tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptors and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Zerumbone is a sesquiterpene that is able to penetrate into the hydrophobic pockets of proteins to exert its inhibiting activity with several proteins. We found a good binding with the tumor necrosis factor, kinase κB (IKKβ) and the Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) component proteins along the TNF pathway. Our results suggest that zerumbone can exert its apoptotic activities by inhibiting the cytoplasmic proteins. It inhibits the IKKβ kinase that activates the NF-κB and also binds to the NF-κB complex in the TNF pathway. Blocking both proteins can lead to inhibition of cell proliferating proteins to be down regulated and possibly ultimate induction of apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We investigated the effects of zerumbone on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic hamsters. [•] Zerumbone lowered plasma and hepatic lipid accumulation in hyperlipidemic hamsters. [•] Zerumbone increased fecal lipid excretion in hyperlipidemic hamsters. [•] Zerumbone modulated the hepatic genes expression involved in the lipolytic and lipogenic pathways of lipids metabolism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Zerumbone is a phytochemical compound derived from Zingiber Zerumbet (L.) Smith rhizome that has a potential of anticancer. Previous study showed the nanoencapsulation of zerumbone in the oleic acidmodified chitosan increased the entrapment efficiency of the active compound. Objectives: The aim of this study was to optimize the preparation of zerumboneloaded oleic acid-chitosan nanoparticles formed by ionic gelation method. Material and Methods: Zerumbone nanoparticles was prepared in eight formulas by ionic gelation method, using sodium tripolyphosphate as crosslinker agent. The optimization was conducted using an experimental design (Simplex Lattice) to study the effect of two variables, oleic acid-chitosan concentration (0.04-0.1%), and zerumbone concentration (0.005- 0.02%) on the average particle sizes, polydispersity index, percentage of transmittance, and entrapment efficiency of the nanoparticles. The physical characteristics of nanoparticles was evaluated using particle size analyzer and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, whereas the zerumbone concentration was determined using HPLC. Results: The results showed that zerumbone nanoencapsulation of the eight formulas had a range of sizes of 126.33 to 202.13 nm, the polydispersity index of 0.440-0.563 µm; the transmittance of 94.4-95.8%, and the encapsulation efficiency of 18.66-89.55%. Conclusion: The optimized formulation was found with the desirability of 0.881, with the ratio of oleic acid-chitosan to zerumbone was close to F1 (2:1). The verified and the predicted responses of the optimum formulation displayed good compromise (p>0.05). The optimized formulation has a potential for delivery of zerumbone as anticancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Phytochemicals and their synthetic derivatives are making a significant contribution in modern drug discovery programs by targeting several human diseases, including cancer. Most of these natural compounds are often multitargeted in nature, which is generally a very desirable property for cancer therapy, as carcinomas typically involve dysregulation of multiple genes and associated cell-signaling pathways at various stages of initiation, progression and metastasis. Additionally, these natural agents generally have lower side-effects, are readily available and hence are cost effective. One such natural compound is zerumbone, a cyclic eleven-membered sesquiterpene, isolated from the tropical plant Zingiber zerumbet Smith that has attracted great attention recently for its potent anticancer activities in several tumor models. This review summarizes the data based on various in vitro and in vivo studies related to the effects of zerumbone on numerous pivotal molecular targets in cancer and its reported chemopreventive/therapeutic effects in different models of cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The anti-inflammatory activity of zerumbone (1), a natural cyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith was investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma tissue formation test in mice. It was demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of 1 at a dose of 5, 10, 50 and 100mg/kg produced significant dose-dependent inhibition of paw edema induced by carrageenan. It was also demonstrated that 1 at similar doses significantly suppressed granulomatous tissue formation in cotton pellet-induced granuloma test. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the variables affecting the Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC–CO2) extraction of non-polar compounds from Zingiber zerumbet using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Dependent variables were the percentage of the chemical components in the ginger vis a vis α-caryophyllene (y 1), camphene (y 2), and zerumbone (2,6,10-cycloundecatrien-1-one, 2,6,9,9-tetramethyl-) (y 3). Pressure was the most significant parameter affecting the amount of each compound extracted. When temperature was kept constant and pressure was increased, all of the dependent variables increased concomitantly. Since pressure and temperature are two of the major influential factors in the extraction using SC–CO2, any combination of these two parameters could be selected to ascertain the optimum combination for a particular compound in the extract. Extraction at 30°C and 55MPa with total amount of 30g of CO2 used was found to maximize all the responses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]