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This note reports the first finding of the reduviid bug Nagusta goedelii (Kolenati, 1857) in Sardinia and is first ascertained case of the human-mediated introduction of this species. In fact, Nagusta goedelii is showing an expansion of its geographical range from the east to the west, however the causes are still unknown and further studies are needed. A brief review of the European distribution of this species is given. An update of its regional occurrence in Italy, based on verified records available online, is also provided. The species was observed in co-occurrence with the invasive bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855), which would appear to be one of its possible predators.

Type specimens of Neotropical Chrysopidae are currently held in two Italian natural history museums. Four are in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali (MRSN), Torino, and five are in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” (MSNG), Genova. Together, these nine specimens also represent all of the known New World types of Chrysopidae housed in Italian museums. All were described by Longinos Navas between 1922 and 1932, and all are now in relatively good condition. Here, we catalog and provide images of each specimen, designate lectotypes, and offer current taxonomic and nomenclatural information on the species represented by each. Two nomenclatural changes are proposed: (1) Chrysopa mainerii Navas, 1929, previously considered incertae sedis, is synonymized with Ceraeochrysa everes (Banks, 1920), n. syn.; (2) Chrysopa barberina Navas, 1932, also previously incertae sedis, is identified as Chrysoperla barberina (Navas, 1932), n. comb.

Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) was first recorded in Sardinia (Italy) in 2007. Two years later a biological control program started with the introduction of its non-native parasitoid, Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera Torymidae). Over a nine-year period (2009–2017), data on the relative abundance of D. kuriphilus, its native parasitoids and T. sinensis were collected. Native parasitoids reacted quickly to the large availability of hosts. However, a dramatic change in the abundance of each native species was recorded from year to year. In the first few years, the native parasitoid community and pest abundance did not fluctuate much. The turning point was 2014, when, at the same time, the native parasitoid populations increased and the T. sinensis populations also began to increase. In the following year, both the D. kuriphilus and native parasitoid populations decreased considerably, whereas the T. sinensis populations reached over 50% parasitism. The univoltine D. kuriphilus acted as an asynchronous resource for native bivoltine parasitoids. An asynchronous host-parasitoid interaction produces wide fluctuations in their populations. In this case, D. kuriphilus strongly altered the local community, which was subjected to a chaotic change in composition and species abundance. When T. sinensis became established, it monopolized the pest, making this resource unavailable to native parasitoids that returned to attack almost exclusively the native oak cynipids. In fact, the successful control of D. kuriphilus by the introduction of T. sinensis rebalanced the situation that had been altered by the arrival of the invasive pest.

Dear Editor,Although, most spiders in Italy basically have venom that is harmless to humans, one must consider some potentially dangerous species. Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (Rossi, 1790), also k...