28 results on '"Tylototriton"'
Search Results
2. A new species of the genus Tylototriton (Urodela, Salamandridae) from western Thailand
- Author
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Kanto Nishikawa, Pitak Sapewisut, Axel Hernandez, Panupong Thammachoti, Porrawee Pomchote, Wichase Khonsue, and Parada Peerachidacho
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Caudata ,Asia ,Zoology ,Amphibia ,taxonomy ,Genus ,Molecular Systematics ,Tylototriton ,Animalia ,Chordata ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Salamandridae ,cryptic species ,biology ,conservation ,South-east Asia ,biology.organism_classification ,Biota ,QL1-991 ,crocodile newt ,Pleurodelinae ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Research Article - Abstract
We describe a new species of the newt genus Tylototriton from Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary, Tak Province, western Thailand based on molecular and morphological evidence and named here as Tylototriton umphangensissp. nov. The new species is assigned to the subgenus Tylototriton and differs from other species in having dark-brown to blackish-brown body and limbs, truncate snout, prominent antero-medial ends of the expansion of the dentary bones, laterally protruding quadrate regions, indistinct and small rib nodules, a well-segmented vertebral ridge, and rough dorsolateral bony ridges, which are steeper anterior, and curved medially at the posterior ends. The molecular data show that Tylototriton umphangensissp. nov. differs from T. uyenoi sensu stricto by a 5% genetic sequence divergence of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 region gene. The new species and T. uyenoi are both endemic to Thailand, distributed along the Northwest Thai (Dawna) Uplands of Indochina. To clarify the species boundary between Tylototriton umphangensissp. nov. and T. uyenoi, additional field research is needed in adjacent areas. Tylototriton umphangensissp. nov. is restricted to evergreen hill forests in Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary. We suggest that the new species should be classified as Endangered (EN) in the IUCN Red List.
- Published
- 2021
3. A new species of the genus Tylototriton (Caudata, Salamandridae) from Guangdong, southern China, with discussion on the subgenera and species groups within the genus
- Author
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Ying-Yong Wang, Jian Wang, Shuo Qi, Jia-Jun Zhou, You-Yu Li, Han Wan, Zhi-Tong Lyu, and Zhao-Chi Zeng
- Subjects
Caudata ,Species groups ,Zoology ,Tylototriton sini sp. nov ,Biology ,phylogeny ,Amphibia ,Genus ,Yunkai Mountains ,morphology ,Tylototriton ,Animalia ,Chordata ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Salamandridae ,conservation ,biology.organism_classification ,Biota ,Southern china ,QL1-991 ,Pleurodelinae ,Subgenus ,Chresonymy - Abstract
In this work, a new species of the genus Tylototriton is described from Guangdong, southern China. Tylototriton sini sp. nov. was recorded as T. asperrimus for decades, and was indicated to represent an independent lineage based on recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. After detailed molecular analysis and morphological comparisons, Tylototriton sini sp. nov. is recognized as a distinct species which can be clearly distinguished from all known congeners by a combination of morphological characteristics and the significant divergence in the mitochondrial gene. Because the genus Tylototriton is of high conservation concern and all formally described members are protected by law, we also provide first data on the conservation status and recommendations for IUCN categorization for Tylototriton sini sp. nov. A suggestion on the species groups division of the genus Tylototriton is also provided based on their morphological differences and phylogenetic relationships.
- Published
- 2021
4. A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS Tylototriton (AMPHIBIA, CAUDATA, SALAMANDRIDAE) FROM CENTRAL VIETNAM
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Tan Van Nguyen, Nikolay A. Poyarkov, and Dmitriy V. Arkhipov
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Salamandridae ,Genus ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Caudata - Published
- 2021
5. Integrative taxonomy reveals three new taxa within the Tylototriton asperrimus complex (Caudata, Salamandridae) from Vietnam
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Michael Bonkowski, Thomas Ziegler, Minh Duc Le, Dennis Rödder, Truong Q. Nguyen, Marta Bernardes, Anh Van Pham, and Tao Thien Nguyen
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0106 biological sciences ,Caudata ,Conservation Biology ,crocodile newts ,Subspecies ,01 natural sciences ,Tylototriton asperrimus ,Amphibia ,lcsh:Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Salamandroidea ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Chordata ,Phylogeny ,Lissamphibia ,Salamandridae ,cryptic diversity ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Cenozoic ,conservation ,new records ,Cephalornis ,Biogeography ,Vietnam ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Snout ,Research Article ,China ,Asia ,Population ,010607 zoology ,Zoology ,South East Asia ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Gnathostomata ,Systematics ,Biodiversity & Conservation ,Branchiostoma capense ,Animalia ,Urupia ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Vertebrata ,Craniata ,Ymeria ,biology.organism_classification ,conservation crocodile newts cryptic diversity new records South East Asia ,Genetic divergence ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
The Tylototriton asperrimus complex from northern Vietnam is reviewed based on morphological comparisons and analysis of the mitochondrial marker NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2). Based on molecular divergences, which were revealed to be higher than in other congeners, in concert with morphological differences, two new species and one subspecies are described herein: Tylototriton pasmansisp. nov. differs from T. asperrimussensu stricto by 3.2 to 3.6 % genetic divergence and a combination of distinct morphological characters, such as head slightly longer than wide, distinct mid-dorsal ridge, relatively wide distance between the eyes, tips of fingers reaching the eye when foreleg is laid forward, labial and gular folds present, central belly skin with tubercles shaped like transverse wrinkles and distinct, pointy to round rib nodules. The population of T. pasmansisp. nov. consists of two subclades, the nominotypic one occurring on the eastern side of the Da River (or Black River, including Hoa Binh and Phu Tho provinces), and another occurring on the western side (including Son La and Thanh Hoa provinces). These two subclades differ by 2.5 to 3.1 % genetic divergence and distinct morphological characters. The western subclade is herein described as Tylototriton pasmansi obstissp. nov., which differs from the nominotypic form by a wider head, longer and narrower snout, shorter femur length, and an overall less granulose skin, without an increased concentration of warts on the body sides. A second new species, Tylototriton sparreboomisp. nov. is described from Lai Chau Province. It differs from T. asperrimussensu stricto by 4.1 to 4.2 % and from Tylototriton pasmansisp. nov. by 3.6 to 4.5 % genetic divergences as well as by a combination of distinct morphological characters, such as head longer than wide, tips of fingers reaching nostril when foreleg adpressed along head, rib nodules distinct, round and relatively enlarged, and wide distance between the eyes.
- Published
- 2020
6. The influence of habitat on olfactory organ structure in selected species of salamanders (Salamandridae, Caudata)
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Józef J. Różański and Krystyna Żuwała
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0106 biological sciences ,Olfactory system ,Salamandridae ,Olfactory receptor ,Vomeronasal organ ,010607 zoology ,habitat ,Zoology ,main olfactory chamber ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Tylototriton verrucosus ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,morphology ,Tylototriton ,medicine ,vomeronasal organ ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Salamandra ,Ichthyosaura ,Olfactory epithelium ,Caudata - Abstract
Morphological observations (LM, TEM, SEM) of olfactory organs were conducted on three representatives of the family Salamandridae which differ in post-metamorphic habitat: the terrestrial fire salamander Salamandra salamandra, the semiaquatic alpine newt Ichthyosaura alpestris and the semiaquatic Himalayan newt Tylototriton verrucosus which exhibit increasing specialization towards life in water. We demonstrated variability in proportional size and shape of the main olfactory chamber (MOC), as well as in the degree of development of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) among the three species. In the fire salamander, the olfactory sensory epithelium was distributed throughout the MOC, while in the alpine and Himalayan newt the olfactory sensory epithelium was organized in strips. The presence of two types of olfactory receptor neurons (ciliated receptor neurons, microvillar receptor neurons) was confirmed in olfactory organs of all examined species. For the first time in amphibians, a subtype of ciliated receptor neuron – the giant neuron (rod-shape neuron), was detected in the MOC of all three salamandrids. The olfactory epithelium also consists of ciliated supporting cells and secretory supporting cells. The presence of goblet cells, mucociliary epithelial cells and squamous epithelial cells was demonstrated in the olfactory organs of all examined species. Our results indicate that the olfactory organs of salamandrids may differ in size, shape and distribution of olfactory epithelium depending on habitat type during the post-metamorphic stages of ontogeny.
- Published
- 2019
7. A new species of crocodile newt Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from northern Myanmar (Burma)
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Robert E. Espinoza, Evan S. H. Quah, Myint Kyaw Thura, Matthew L. Murdoch, L. Lee Grismer, and Perry L. Wood
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0106 biological sciences ,Salamandridae ,biology ,biology.animal ,010607 zoology ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Crocodile ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Caudata - Abstract
A new species of crocodile newt from populations on opposite sides of the Ayeyarwady Basin, Myanmar, previously referred to as Tylototriton cf. verrucosus, is described on the basis of colour patte...
- Published
- 2019
8. Effect of Pleistocene Climatic Oscillations on the Phylogeography and Demography of Red Knobby Newt (Tylototriton shanjing) from Southwestern China.
- Author
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Yu, Guohua, Zhang, Mingwang, Rao, Dingqi, and Yang, Junxing
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PLEISTOCENE Epoch , *TYLOTOTRITON , *DYNAMIC climatology , *PHYLOGEOGRAPHY , *PHYLOGENY , *POPULATION genetics , *MITOCHONDRIAL membranes - Abstract
Factors that determine the genetic structure of species in southwestern China remain largely unknown. In this study, phylogeography and demography of Tylototriton shanjing was investigated from a mitochondrial perspective to address the role of the Quaternary ice ages in shaping phylogeographic history and genetic diversity of Yunnan. A total of 146 individuals from 19 populations across the entire range of the species were collected. We detected four maternal phylogenetic lineages corresponding to four population groups, and found that major glaciation events during the Pleistocene have triggered the intra-specific divergence. Coalescent simulations indicated that the populations retreated to different refugia located in southern Yunnan, northwestern Yunnan, the border region of western Yunnan with Myanmar, and middle-western Yunnan, respectively, during previous glacial periods in the Pleistocene, and these four refugia were not retained during the Last Glacial Maximum. Population expansions occurred during the last inter-glaciation, during which ice core and pollen data indicated that the temperature and precipitation gradually increased, and declines of population sizes started after the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum when the climate became cooler and dryer. The paleo-drainage system had no contribution to the current genetic structure and the rivers were not dispersal barriers for this salamander. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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9. Colour polymorphism inSalamandra salamandra(Amphibia: Urodela), revealed by a lack of genetic and environmental differentiation between distinct phenotypes
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Guillermo Velo-Antón, Alfredo G. Nicieza, André Lourenço, and Wouter Beukema
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Mitochondrial DNA ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Cytochrome b ,Population ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Subspecies ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Taxon ,Phylogenetics ,Genetics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Salamandra ,education ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The existence of two or more distinctly coloured phenotypes among individuals of an interbreeding population is known as colour polymorphism. In amphibians, this phenomenon is pervasive among anurans, but rare or absent among salamanders and caecilians, respectively. Here, we examine whether various distinct phenotypes of Salamandra salamandra in North Spain, used as a basis to describe the subspecies S. s. bernardezi and S. s. alfredschmidti, indeed warrant separate taxonomic status or that these co-occur and belong to a single taxon. Based on a sample of 1147 individuals from 27 local populations, six phenotype classes were designated. Although two phenotypes that are attributable to S. s. alfredschmidti show some degree of geographical restriction, these co-occur with those representing typical S. s. bernardezi. A fifth phenotype class could not be unambiguously attributed to either subspecies due to an overlap in previously suggested diagnostic characteristics. Mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and nuclear (β-fibrinogen) DNA analyses revealed S. s. alfredschmidti to be nested within several subclades of S. s. bernardezi, without displaying unique lineages. Furthermore, no significant divergence was recovered by means of niche overlap analyses. As a result, we revoke the subspecies status of S. s. alfredschmidti, which should be regarded as a junior synonym of S. s. bernardezi. The current findings confirm the existence of colour polymorphism in S. salamandra and the family Salamandridae, which provides exciting possibilities for future research.
- Published
- 2016
10. A new species of Crocodile Newt Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Shan State, Myanmar (Burma)
- Author
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Robert E. Espinoza, Matthew L. Murdoch, Marta S. Grismer, L. Lee Grismer, Perry L. Junior Wood, Aung Lin, Myint Kyaw Thura, and Evan S. H. Quah
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0106 biological sciences ,Caudata ,Population ,010607 zoology ,Zoology ,Myanmar ,Crocodile ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Amphibia ,Monophyly ,Genus ,biology.animal ,Animalia ,Animals ,Chordata ,education ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Salamandridae ,Alligators and Crocodiles ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Tylototriton ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
A phylogenetic taxonomic analysis of a monophyletic subgroup of the salamandrid genus Tylototriton revealed that a newly discovered population from Ngar Su Village, 1 km south of Ywangan, Shan State, Myanmar is a new species and most closely related to T. shanorum from approximately 80 km to the west in the vicinity of Taunggyi, Shan State. Tylototriton ngarsuensis sp. nov. differs from other closely related species of Tylototriton on basis of varying combinations of characteristics associated with it shorter head, larger size, rib nodule morphology, and overall drab, very dark, coloration, along with its genetic differentiation. Tylototriton ngarsuensis sp. nov. also appears to breed later in the year than most other species. Unfortunately, this species like many other Asian newts, is being harvested for the pet and medicinal trade and given its restricted distribution, this could pose a serious threat to its long-term survival.
- Published
- 2018
11. Phylogenetic surveys on the newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato (Salamandridae, Caudata) reveal cryptic diversity and novel diversification promoted by historical climatic shifts
- Author
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Baowei Zhang, Janak Raj Khatiwada, Feng Xie, Yunming Mo, Bin Wang, Youhui Shen, Dajie Gong, Daode Yang, Rongchuan Xiong, Cheng Li, Kanto Nishikawa, Jianping Jiang, Gang Wei, Xiaohong Chen, Truong Quang Nguyen, and Masafumi Matsui
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Species complex ,Pleistocene ,Cryptic diversity ,Biodiversity ,Climate shifts ,lcsh:Medicine ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sensu ,Genus ,Tylototriton ,Glacial period ,Salamandridae ,Radiation ,biology ,Ecology ,General Neuroscience ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,Biological Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Evolutionary Studies ,Diversification rate ,Tibetan plateau ,030104 developmental biology ,Geography ,Biogeography ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Zoology - Abstract
Global climatic transitions and Tibetan Plateau uplifts are hypothesized to have profoundly impacted biodiversity in southeastern Asia. To further test the hypotheses related to the impacts of these incidents, we investigated the diversification patterns of the newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato, distributed across the mountain ranges of southeastern Asia. Gene-tree and species-tree analyses of two mitochondrial genes and two nuclear genes revealed five major clades in the genus, and suggested several cryptic species. Dating estimates suggested that the genus originated in the early-to-middle Miocene. Under different species delimitating scenarios, diversification analyses with birth-death likelihood tests indicated that the genus held a higher diversification rate in the late Miocene-to-Pliocene era than that in the Pleistocene. Ancestral area reconstructions indicated that the genus originated from the northern Indochina Peninsula. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the Miocene Climatic Transition triggered the diversification of the genus, and the reinforcement of East Asian monsoons associated with the stepwise uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau promoted the radiation of the genus in southeastern Asia during the Miocene-to-Pliocene period. Quaternary glacial cycles likely had limited effects on speciation events in the genus, but mainly had contributions on their intraspecific differentiations.
- Published
- 2018
12. Natural history and biology of the Tiannan Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton yangi (Urodela: Salamandridae) at Gejiu, Yunnan province, China with its conservation implications
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Mian Hou and Axel Hernandez
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Salamandridae ,China ,Yunnan province ,Ecology ,biology ,Tylototriton yangi ,Ecology (disciplines) ,conservation ,microhabitat preferences ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Tylototriton ,Zoology ,Gejiu ,Crocodile ,biology.organism_classification ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Natural history ,lcsh:G ,biology.animal ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
The natural history of newly discovered species among the genus Tylototriton in South-Eastern Asia is poorly known to date, and most of the species are threatened by extinction. The description of their ecology is crucial to determine their survival status and successful reproduction for conservation purposes. In this study, we assessed the microhabitat preferences of Tylototriton yangi at the type locality, Gejiu, Yunnan province, China, with the Visual Encounter Survey method and by using new important materials. The main habitat is located within a humid subtropical climate and is composed of a large karstic mountain containing some patch of secondary mixed forests and plantations such as tomato fields, pepper and cabbage that are surrounded by scrubs, grasses and small ponds. We provided a complete diagnosis with new morphological data analysing ten adult individuals from the type series to establish a formal description which is absent from the first original description. We compared our results with other related taxa of the genus Tylototriton to updated key determinants between similar species. Thus, we analysed the population structure and the behaviour of T. yangi during a period of ten years, 2008–2017, to assess its survival status and to determine the main threat factors. A total of 186 specimens were found during the whole study predicting a small population inhabiting the type locality, Gejiu. Consequently, T. yangi is now regarded as a highly threatened species that need more attention of Chinese authorities and we suggest regarding it as Endangered due to its small distribution range, the low number of adult specimens observed and ongoing exploitation.
- Published
- 2018
13. Vertebral number is highly evolvable in salamanders and newts (family Salamandridae) and variably associated with climatic parameters
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Frietson Galis, Jan W. Arntzen, Ana Ivanović, and Wouter Beukema
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Cynops ,Lissotriton ,biology ,Ommatotriton ophryticus ,Neurergus ,Lyciasalamandra ,Tylototriton ,Zoology ,Context (language use) ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Trunk ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
In vertebrates, the relative proportion of the number of trunk and caudal vertebrae is an important determinant of body shape. While among amphibians frogs and toads show low variation in vertebrae numbers, in salamanders the numbers of trunk and caudal vertebrae vary widely, giving rise to phenotypes in the range from short-bodied and long-tailed to long-bodied and short-tailed. We analysed vertebral numbers in the family Salamandridae in a phylogenetic context and calculated the relationship between vertebral changes and changes in climate and other environmental parameters. A significant association was found between morphological change with precipitation and temperature. However, annual precipitation affected the two main groups of salamandrid salamanders differently, with trunk elongation in the terrestrial ‘true salamanders’ and tail elongation in the more aquatic ‘newts’. A - male biased - sexual dimorphism was only observed in Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris in the number of trunk vertebrae and in Ommatotriton ophryticus and Lissotriton species for the number of caudal vertebrae. Our data indicated that the number of trunk and caudal vertebrae are highly evolvable traits with frequent evolutionary reversals. In some groups (e.g. Cynops, Lyciasalamandra, Neurergus and the Laotriton- Pachytriton-Paramesotriton clade) the number of trunk vertebrae is stable, while in many groups it is subject to change (e.g. Tylototriton). This latter, species-rich genus appears to be an excellent group to further test effects of the environment on body shape.
- Published
- 2015
14. A New Species ofTylototritonAnderson, 1871 (Amphibia: Salamandridae) from Northern Indochina
- Author
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Kanto Nishikawa, Dzung Trung Le, Tao Thien Nguyen, Truong Q. Nguyen, Marta Bernardes, Anh Van Pham, Son Lan Hung Nguyen, and Masafumi Matsui
- Subjects
Dorsum ,Salamandridae ,Southern china ,biology ,Ecology ,Tylototriton anguliceps ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Molecular evidence ,biology.organism_classification ,Clade - Abstract
We describe a new species of Tylototriton from northwestern Vietnam and northern Thailand based on morphological and molecular evidence. Tylototriton anguliceps sp. nov. is distinguishable from all the other congeners by the bright to dark orange markings on the head, body, and tail, prominent dorsal and dorsolateral ridges (crests) on the head, skeletal connection between maxillary and pterygoid, and unique mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Our molecular data show that the new species is nested within the clade comprising T. uyenoi, T. shanjing, T. verrucosus, and T. yangi. The new species is expected to be recorded from other countries in the Indochina region such as southern China, western Myanmar and northern Laos in the future.
- Published
- 2015
15. A new salamandrid from the Miocene Randeck Maar, Germany
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Michael W. Rasser and Rainer R. Schoch
- Subjects
Lissotriton ,biology ,Osteology ,Skull roof ,Paleontology ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,biology.organism_classification ,Triturus ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Sister group ,medicine ,Ommatotriton ,Euproctus - Abstract
A new species of salamandrid is named and described from the Miocene of Randeck Maar, a long-term vol- canic lake deposit in southern Germany. Based on a fully articulated specimen, Ichthyosaura randeckensis is named and described as a 3-4 cm long newt with a robust posterolateral process of the frontal, a heavily ornamented skull roof, and a premaxilla with spike-like, parallel alary processes framing a slender fontanelle posteriorly. In a phylogenetic analysis of 14 salamandrid taxa and 38 morphological characters, I. randeckensis is found to nest with I. alpestris, with which it shares apomorphic character states in the morphology of premaxilla and nasal. The present analysis employed more morpholog- ical characters than hitherto considered, highlighting the need to conduct more osteological studies of extant salamanders. Its results are largely consistent with recent molecular phylogenetic studies: Tylototriton and Pleurodeles form a clade, with Notophthalmus and Euproctus falling within unresolved trichotomies, followed by Cynops and Ommatotriton as successive crownward clades, then Triturus sensu stricto (T. marmoratus and T. cristatus), and finally Lissotriton and Ichthyosaura as terminal sister taxa. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
- Published
- 2013
16. A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Amphibia, Salamandridae) from Hunan, China
- Author
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Shen Youhui, Jiang Jianping, and MO Xiaoyang
- Subjects
Salamandridae ,biology ,Genus ,Tylototriton ,Zoology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,China - Published
- 2012
17. Mitochondrial genomes and divergence times of crocodile newts: Inter-islands distribution of Echinotriton andersoni and the origin of a unique repetitive sequence found in Tylototriton mt genomes
- Author
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Seiki Katsuren, Shohei Oumi, Takuma Nishitani, Masayuki Sumida, and Atsushi Kurabayashi
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education.field_of_study ,Concerted evolution ,Phylogenetic tree ,Echinotriton ,Population ,Tylototriton ,Zoology ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Crocodile ,biology.organism_classification ,Tylototriton verrucosus ,biology.animal ,Genetics ,education ,Echinotriton andersoni ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Crocodile newts, which constitute the genera Echinotriton and Tylototriton, are known as living fossils, and these genera comprise many endangered species. To id entify mitochondrial (mt) genes suitable for future population genetic analyses for endangered taxa, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the mt genomes of the Japanese crocodile newt Echinotriton andersoni and Himalayan crocodile newt Tylototriton verrucosus. Although the control region (CR) is known as the most variable mtDNA region in many animal taxa, the CRs of crocodile newts are highly conservative. Rather, the genes of NADH dehydrogenase subunits and ATPase subunit 6 were found to have high sequence divergences and to be usable for population genetics studies. To estimate the inter-population divergence ages of E. andersoni ende mic to the Ryukyu Islands, we performed molecular dating analysis using whole and partial mt genomic data. The estimated di vergence ages of the inter-island individuals are older than the paleogeographic segmentation ages of the islands, suggesting that the lineage splits of E. andersoni populations were not caused by vicariant events. Our phylogenetic analysis with pa rtial mt sequence data also suggests the existence of at least two more undescribed species in the genus Ty lototriton. We also found unusual repeat s equences containing the 3′ region of cytochrome apoenzyme b gene, whole tRNAThr gene, and a noncoding region (the T-P noncoding region characteristic in caudate mtDNAs) from T. v errucosus mtDNA. Similar repeat sequences were found in t wo other Tylototriton species. The Ty lototriton taxa with the repeats become a monophyletic group, indicating a single origin of the repeat sequences. The intraa nd inter-specific comparisons of the repeat sequences suggest the occurrences of homologous recombination-based concerted evolution among the repeat sequences.
- Published
- 2012
18. Widespread occurrence of an emerging fungal pathogen in heavily traded Chinese urodelan species
- Author
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Zhiyong Yuan, An Martel, Sarah Van Praet, Stefano Canessa, Jun Wu, and Frank Pasmans
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,China ,Chinese salamander ,Range (biology) ,Population ,Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans ,AMPHIBIANS ,Zoology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,DISEASE ,BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-SALAMANDRIVORANS ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Veterinary Sciences ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,education.field_of_study ,GLOBAL TRADE ,Ecology ,biology ,SALAMANDERS ,biosafety ,Tylototriton ,CHYTRID FUNGUS ,biology.organism_classification ,salamander ,Paramesotriton hongkongensis ,Wildlife trade ,medicine.drug_formulation_ingredient ,030104 developmental biology ,Paramesotriton ,pet trade - Abstract
Understanding introduction routes for wildlife pathogens is vital for the development of threat abatement plans. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) has recently emerged in Europe, where it is considered to be a serious threat for urodelan conservation. If the highly diverse Chinese urodelans were to constitute a Bsal reservoir, then the significant international trade in these species may vector Bsal into naive urodelan communities. Here, we analyzed a total of 1,143 samples, representing 36 Chinese salamander species from 51 localities across southern China for the presence of Bsal. We found Bsal was present across a wide taxonomic, geographical, and environmental range. In particular, Bsal DNA was detected in 33 samples from the genera Cynops, Pachytriton, Paramesotriton, Tylototriton, and Andrias, including the heavily traded species Paramesotriton hongkongensis and Cynops orientalis. The true Bsal prevalence across our data set was estimated between 2% and 4%, with a maximum of 50% in a population of P. hongkongensis. Even at this overall relatively low Bsal prevalence, the exportation of millions of animals renders Bsal introduction in naive, importing countries a near certainty, which calls for the urgent implementation of proper biosecurity in the international wildlife trade.
- Published
- 2018
19. Captive breeding and larval morphology of Tylototriton shanjing Nussbaum, Brodie & Yang, 1995, with an updated key of the genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Salamandridae)
- Author
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Timo Hartmann, Thomas Ziegler, Detlef Karbe, Karin van der Straeten, and Wolfgang Böhme
- Subjects
Salamandridae ,Larva ,Genus ,Captive breeding ,Identification key ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Key (lock) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biology ,Tylototriton shanjing ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
Tylototriton shanjing Nussbaum, Brodie & Yang, 1995 was described as a distinct species hidden before under the widely distributed T. verrucosus Anderson, 1871. Therefore, papers published before 1995, including those on reproductive biology, could not distinguish between these two close relatives. Consequently, data on the reproductive biology of T. shanjing are scarce. Here, we report on the first captive breeding of T. shanjing in the Aquarium of the Cologne Zoo, and we document the ontogenetic developmental stages and describe the larva for the first time. Moreover, we give a literature review for both T. verrucosus and T. shanjing and compare our data with published information referring undoubtedly to the latter species. To avoid future misidentifications and to facilitate the composition of breeding groups, we present an identification key for the East Asian salamandrid genera in general, and for the species of Tylototriton in particular.
- Published
- 2008
20. A new salamandrid amphibian from the Middle Miocene of Hungary and its phylogenetic relationships
- Author
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Márton Venczel
- Subjects
Amphibian ,Salamandridae ,Phylogenetic tree ,Paleontology ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Anatomy ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,biology.animal ,Quadrate bone ,Crest ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Allometry - Abstract
Synopsis A fossil salamandrid, Carpathotriton matraensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Astaracian (Middle Miocene, MN 7) localities of Matraszolos 1 and 2 (Northern Hungary, Nograd County) is described. Within newts, Carpathotriton is diagnosed by a combination of primitive and derived characters including a premaxillary‐frontal contact, a well‐developed fronto‐squamosal arch, low supraorbital crest and weak sculpture on the frontal surface. Referred material comprises abundant cranial, vertebral and appendicular skeletal elements that exhibit limited morphological variation of mainly allometric nature. The dentary of Carpathotriton is unique in displaying a prominent dental parapet with an extremely short tooth row and a relatively long toothless posterior ramus. The quadrate is provided with an extuberant anterolateral process that may be a homoplasy with some members of the Tylototriton group. Trunk vertebrae of Carpathotriton have extremely high neural spines with some enlargement on their dorsal margin ...
- Published
- 2008
21. A molecular assessment of phylogenetic relationships and lineage accumulation rates within the family Salamandridae (Amphibia, Caudata)
- Author
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J. Robert Macey, David W. Weisrock, Theodore J. Papenfuss, Ismail H. Ugurtas, Rosa Polymeni, Ermi Zhao, Spartak N. Litvinchuk, Houman Jowkar, Allan Larson, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Edebiyet Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü., and Uğurtaş, İsmail Hakkı
- Subjects
Pachytriton ,Hynobiidae ,Urodela ,Salamandridae ,RNA, Transfer, Leu ,Biochemistry & molecular biology ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Lyciasalamandra ,Zoology ,Evolutionary biology ,Newt ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Genus paramesotriton caudata ,Genetics ,Animals ,Salamander ,Anderson amphibia ,Molecular Biology ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Euproctus ,Radiation ,Base Sequence ,biology ,Genetics & heredity ,Lineage accumulation ,Calotriton ,Tylototriton ,Bayes Theorem ,Diversification rates ,RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific ,biology.organism_classification ,Triturus ,Evolutionary relationships ,Mitochondrial DNA ,Mitochondrial ,Biochemical systematics ,Paramesotriton ,Biogeography ,Taricha ,Sequence Alignment ,Newts - Abstract
We examine phylogenetic relationships among salamanders of the family Salamandridae using approximately 2700 bases of new mtDNA sequence data (the tRNA(Leu), ND1, tRNA(Gln), tRNA(Gln), tRNA(Met), ND2, tRNA(Trp), tRNA(Ala), tRNA(Asn), tRNA(Cys), tRNA(Tyr), and Cot genes and the origin for light-strand replication) collected from 96 individuals representing 61 of the 66 recognized salamandrid species and outgroups. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis are performed on the new data alone and combined with previously reported sequences from other parts of the mitochondrial genome. The basal phylogenetic split is a polytomy of lineages ancestral to (1) the Italian newt Salamandrina terdigitata, (2) a strongly supported clade comprising the "true" salamanders (genera Chioglossa, Mertensiella, Lyciasalamandra, and Salamandra), and (3) a strongly supported clade comprising all newts except S. terdigitata. Strongly supported clades within the true salamanders include monophyly of each genus and grouping Chioglossa and Mertensiella as the sister taxon to a clade comprising Lyciasalamandra and Salamandra. Among newts, genera Echinotriton, Pleurodeles, and Tylototriton form a strongly supported clade whose sister taxon comprises the genera Calotriton, Cynops, Euproctus, Neurergus, Notophthalmus, Pachytriton, Paramesotriton, Taricha, and Triturus. Our results strongly support monophyly of all polytypic newt genera except Paramesotriton and Triturus, which appear paraphyletic, and Calotriton, for which only one of the two species is sampled. Other well-supported clades within newts include (1) Asian genera Cynops, Pachytriton, and Paramesotriton, (2) North American genera Notophthalmus and Taricha, (3) the Triturus vulgaris species group, and (4) the Triturus cristatus species group; some additional groupings appear strong in Bayesian but not parsimony analyses. Rates of lineage accumulation through time are evaluated using this nearly comprehensive sampling of salamandrid species-level lineages. Rate of lineage accumulation appears constant throughout salamandrid evolutionary history with no obvious fluctuations associated with origins of morphological or ecological novelties. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2006
22. History of West Mediterranean newts,Pleurodeles(Amphibia: Salamandridae), inferred from old and recent DNA sequences
- Author
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Salvador Carranza and E. N. Arnold
- Subjects
Pleurodeles ,Salamandridae ,biology ,Ecology ,Cytochrome b ,Land bridge ,Pleurodeles poireti ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Genetic divergence ,Molecular clock ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
MtDNA sequences (396 bp cytochrome b and 369 bp 12S rRNA) from recent material and old museum specimens indicate Pleurodeles poireti and P. waltl form independent clades with 7.76% genetic divergence. Within P. poireti, populations from Djebel Edough, NE Algeria are very distinct with 6.12% genetic divergence from the remainder and may deserve separate species status. Away from Djebel Edough, P. poireti consists of three distinct clades (coastal NW Tunisia; central N Algeria; Constantine plus inland NW Tunisia) with a maximum genetic divergence of only 1%. P. waltl contains two clades with 2.96% genetic divergence, one in SE and E Spain plus north Morocco, the other in Portugal and SW and central Spain. Pleurodeles probably invaded NW Africa from SW Europe during the Messinian Salinity Crisis, when land contact was first established at 5.6 Ma, and then interrupted at 5.3 Ma. Molecular clocks, calibrated in the assumption that the latter event separated P. waltl and P. poireti, suggest that Pleuro...
- Published
- 2004
23. A survey for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in endangered and highly susceptible Vietnamese salamanders (Tylototriton spp.)
- Author
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Frank Pasmans, Freddy Haesebrouck, Matthew C. Fisher, Tao Nguyen Thien, Melanie Brutyn, Max Sparreboom, Wouter Beukema, Koen Chiers, An Martel, Sergé Bogaerts, and Tang Duong Van
- Subjects
General Veterinary ,biology ,Ecology ,Endangered Species ,Biodiversity ,Endangered species ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Urodela ,Context (language use) ,Animals, Wild ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Tylototriton asperrimus ,Chytridiomycota ,Mycoses ,Vietnam ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Chytridiomycosis ,Tylototriton vietnamensis ,Panzootic - Abstract
Until now, Asian amphibians appear to have largely escaped declines driven by chytridiomycosis. Vietnamese salamanders that belong to the genus Tylototriton are rare and have a patchy distribution in mountainous areas, falling within the proposed environmental envelope of chytrid infections, surrounded by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infected regions. If these salamanders are susceptible to chytridiomycosis, then their populations could be highly vulnerable after the introduction of B. dendrobatidis. Examination for the presence of the chytrid fungus in skin swabs from 19 Tylototriton asperrimus and 104 Tylototriton vietnamensis by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed. Susceptibility of T. asperrimus to experimental infection by using the global panzootic lineage (BdGPL) strain of B. dendrobatidis was examined. The fungus was absent in all samples from all wild salamanders examined. Inoculation with the BdGPL strain resulted in mortality of all five inoculated salamanders within 3 weeks after inoculation with infected animals that manifested severe orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia, and spongiosis. Although infection by B. dendrobatidis currently appears absent in Vietnamese Tylototriton populations, the rarity of these animals, their pronounced susceptibility to chytridiomycosis, an apparently suitable environmental context and increasing likelihood of the pathogen being introduced, together suggest the need of urgent measures to avoid future scenarios of extinction as witnessed in Central America and Australia.
- Published
- 2013
24. Skull of the neotenic salamandrid amphibianTriturus alpestris and abbreviated development in the Tertiary Salamandridae
- Author
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Zbyněk Roček
- Subjects
Amphibian ,Salamandridae ,biology ,Echinotriton ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Triturus ,Skull ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Neoteny ,Developmental Biology ,Caudata - Abstract
The skull of neotenic individuals of the Alpine Newt Triturus alpestris from the locality Drakolimni (Greece) is described on the basis of models made from magnified serial frontal sections. In order to recognize features associated with neoteny and paedomorphosis, the results were compared with normal development of contemporary Triturus and of other Caudata. The neotenic larvae from Greece correspond to advanced stages of metamorphosis in normal development of Triturus alpestris. Comparison with salamandrids from the Tertiary of Europe in which the hyobranchial skeleton was preserved, namely Brachycormus noachicus, Chelotriton paradoxus, and Palaeopleurodeles hauffi, revealed that both latter taxa were completely metamorphosed adults anatomically similar to their contemporary relatives Tylototriton, Echinotriton, and Pleurodeles, whereas Brachycormus, though apparently related to Chelotriton, was a neotenic amphibian. This is suggested by its incompletely metamorphosed but ossified hyobranchial skeleton. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 1996
25. Morphological and molecular variation in Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Laos, with description of a new species
- Author
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Somphouthone Phimmachak, Anchalee Aowphol, and Bryan L. Stuart
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Salamandridae ,Mitochondrial DNA ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Genus ,Lineage (evolution) ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Tylototriton shanjing ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Tylototriton verrucosus - Abstract
The salamandrid genus Tylototriton is poorly known in Laos, with one described species and unverified reports of two others. We undertook new fieldwork and obtained samples of Tylototriton at six localities across northern Laos during 2009-2013. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA, principal component analyses of 13 mensural characters, and qualitative morphological comparisons with samples from across the geographic range of Tylototriton were performed. Samples from Laos fell into four molecular and morphological groups, consisting of T. notialis, T. panhai, T. anguliceps, and a fourth lineage that is hypothesized here to be an undescribed species. Tylototriton podichthys sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by having distinct mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and in characteristics of the glandular skin on the head and body, shape of the rib nodules, and coloration of the body and limbs. This study expands the number of confirmed Tylototriton species in Laos from one to four, with the description of one species and extension of the ranges of T. panhai and T. anguliceps to Laos. An improved understanding of the geographic ranges of T. podichthys sp. nov. and T. anguliceps within Laos is needed.
- Published
- 2015
26. A new species in the Tylototriton asperrimus group (Caudata: Salamandridae) from central Laos
- Author
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William G. Robichaud, Somphouthone Phimmachak, Niane Sivongxay, and Bryan L. Stuart
- Subjects
Salamandridae ,Caudata ,Mitochondrial DNA ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Ecology ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,Tylototriton asperrimus ,Nuclear DNA ,Amphibia ,Tylototriton notialis ,Genus ,Animalia ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Chordata ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy - Abstract
A new species in the morphologically conservative Tylototriton asperrimus group is described from Khammouan Province, Laos. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA confirms its placement in the T. asperrimus group. Tylototriton notialis sp. nov. is diagnosable in mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, and morphology from its congeners. The new species represents the first record of the genus from Laos, and is the southernmost known member of the T. asperrimus group.
- Published
- 2010
27. Evolutionary Relationships in the Family Salamandridae
- Author
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David B. Wake, Neclâ Özeti, and Necla Ozeti
- Subjects
Pachytriton ,biology ,Neurergus ,Tylototriton ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Salamandrina ,Paramesotriton ,Character (mathematics) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Salamandra ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Euproctus - Abstract
and average linkage techniques and the results of inclusion and exclusion of primitive character states, were compared. There are significant differences, and exclusion of primitive character states is recommended. We put most emphasis on a combinatorial analysis of our own, which takes into account the changes in the feeding system as a single complex unit and also makes use of the phenetic methods in which primitive character states are excluded. The result is the placement of the 14 genera in four groups: A. Salamandra, Chioglossa, Salamandrina; B. Triturus, Euproctus, Neurergus, Paramesotriton, Cynops, Hypselotriton, Pachytriton, Taricha, Notophthalmus; C. Pleurodeles; D. Tylototriton. The very primitive groups C and D are slightly modified remnants of ancient groups. Group A is the most derived group. Chioglossa and Salamandrina are the most specialized genera. Of two computer methods for deducing phylogenies, one compares well with these results, but the other does not.
- Published
- 1969
28. On the Systematic Position of the Salamandrid Genus Taricha and Its Species
- Author
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Gerlach von Wahlert
- Subjects
Cynops ,Range (biology) ,Ecology ,Notophthalmus ,Zoology ,Tylototriton ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Triturus ,Genus ,Taricha ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Salamandra ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
IN his paper concerning the species of Californian Triturus, Twitty (1942) speculated that Triturus granulosus (Skilton) may be the form which stands nearest to the origin of this group and that the other species are more distantly related offshoots. This opinion is based on the idea that the genus Triturus embraces the eastern American newts, certain European and Asiatic forms, as well as the Californian group, and on the fact that Triturus granulosus agrees more closely than any other Californian species with those outside of California. The characteristics mentioned by Twitty are the egg-laying habits, the size of the eggs, the larval pigmentation, and the range of the species. During the years 1924-1939, European workers split up this world-wide genus, Triturus, into four revived genera (Wolterstorff, 1924; Herre, 1934, 1935, 1939): Triturus s. str. in Europe, Cynops in southeastern Asia, Notophthalmus in the eastern United States, and Taricha in western North America. This arrangement has since been partially adopted by certain American herpetologists (H. M. Smith and E. H. Taylor, 1948). Herre (1935), in the most thorough study of salamandrids published in the last twenty years, has put Taricha between the lower and the higher salamandrids. The lower salamandrids include Salamandra and its closest relatives and Pleurodeles and Tylototriton. The higher salamandrids are, with others, Notophthalmus, Cynops and Triturus. The results of my own studies on the anatomy and biology of the reproduction of salamandrids, which have been carried out on 35 of the 43 living species of the family, strongly support these views and reveal some facts which throw a new light on the relationships of the Californian forms ascribed to the genus Taricha.
- Published
- 1952
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