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Summary: Introduction: In Africa, with the technological advances of the last decade, the university hospital pediatric departments have optimized the management of newborns at the cost of a nosocomial risk premium. In Abidjan, in the service of neonatology, the prevalence of germs usually implicated in nosocomial infections was 33% with a predominance of gram negative bacilli (79%). Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae were the two most common germs. Nosocomial infection or maternal-fetal distinction was not made. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted over a period of seven years in the neonatal unit of university hospital of Yopougon in Abidjan. Purpose: Identify clinical signs suggestive of infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae and propose a clinical score of risk of nosocomial infection. The records of newborns with a positive blood culture for Klebsiella pneumoniae or Enterobacter cloacae were assessed under Center for Disease Control and Prevention suitable for newborns. Fever (31%), digestive signs (27%), respiratory distress (16%) and jaundice (13%) were the main signs identified. A clinical score for risk of nosocomial infection has been proposed based on signs and identified risk factors in our context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]