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Traumatic brain injury, especially mild traumatic brain injury, is a common consequence of modern warfare. In the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, much attention has been devoted to blast as a 'new' mechanism of brain injury. While the evidence for primary blast effects upon the central nervous system is limited and controversial, there are a number of aspects of blast-induced brain injury that may be different. These include high rates of sensory impairment, pain issues, and polytrauma. In addition, the emotional context in which the injury occurred must also be considered in understanding the clinical presentation of these patients. Successful treatment of these individuals must use a multidisciplinary approach focused on the varied conditions that occur in those injured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have resulted in greater proportions of service members with traumatic brain injury than in prior conflicts. These brain injuries range from the mild (concussion) to severe, and have enormous implications for clinical practice with these soldiers. The highly stressful and dangerous context in which these injuries are sustained set them apart in significant ways from brain injuries seen in civilian settings. The associated emotional toll of the environment and comorbid injuries, often resulting from blast exposure, complicates the clinical picture. In this article, the authors describe the complex presentations in this population of traumatically brain injured combat veterans and illustrate with case vignettes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64:1–10, 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-an injury to the brain that may or may not create lasting impairment for the survivor-has been recognized as a major public health problem by the Centers for Disease Control ( Langlois, Rutland-Brown, & Thomas, 2006 ). Ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have highlighted the problem for the military ( Warden, 2006 ). Many soldiers are exposed to severe impact to the head resulting in TBI. As those with TBI transition to their home locality, civilian social workers and other providers will be involved in their care. This article examines the medical and emotional implications of mild TBI and offers suggestions for care of those affected, both the service member and his/her family.