115 results on '"*INTERNATIONAL agencies"'
Search Results
2. European foreign aid to regional organisations in Africa: bullies, overseers, micromanagers and samaritans.
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Stapel, Sören and Söderbaum, Fredrik
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EUROPEAN economic assistance , *INTERNATIONAL economic assistance , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *REGIONALISM (International organization) , *REGIONALISM - Abstract
How do external actors promote regional international organisations (RIOs) through their regional foreign aid? Whereas most leading theories of regionalism stipulate that RIOs are designed and shaped by intra--r-egional actors from 'within', this study develops a novel framework for exploring donor involvement in RIOs during various stages of the foreign aid policy cycle. The research design is based on a comparison of the four largest European donors of regional foreign aid (EU, Germany, Sweden and the UK) towards the largest recipient in Africa (African Union). The comparative analysis reveals considerable variation and each donor employ their own distinct approach, which we conceptualise as Bully (EU), Overseer (UK), Micromanager (Germany) and Samaritan (Sweden). This comparative design enables us not only to escape the EU-centrism that currently distorts the research field but also to analyse the different ways by which European donors try to influence and even control RIOs in Africa through their foreign aid. The deep donor involvement in RIOs in Africa challenges us to rethink external intrusion, the meaning of ownership as well as conventional boundaries of 'inside'/'outside' in the study of regionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. African Agency in Democracy Promotion: The African Union and Election Observation in Malawi.
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Mwaba, Anna Kapambwe
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DEMOCRACY , *ELECTIONS , *INTERNATIONAL agencies - Abstract
The African Union is emerging as a prominent actor in election assistance and observation. Considering the continued centrality of the electoral process to democracy-building efforts in Africa, African continental and regional organisations are increasingly monitoring elections and taking the lead in election observation processes across the continent. This paper contributes to the African agency literature by showing how agency is operationalised and implemented through international election observation. Focusing on Malawi's recent electoral history (2004–2020), this paper argues that the African Union is institutionalising its election observation protocols and challenging the dominant position of western international actors, through enacting the role and agency of continental and regional actors. It critically assesses the African Union's ability to undertake these efforts and how it has addressed elections, and the politics surrounding them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. African voices in global health: Knowledge, creativity, accountability.
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Mbali, Mandisa and Rucell, Jessica
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AFRICANS , *HEALTH policy , *HISTORY of medicine , *PROFESSIONS , *SERIAL publications , *WORLD health , *CREATIVE ability , *PUBLIC health , *EXPERIENCE , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *MEDICAL research - Abstract
In this article we offer an introduction to a special issue of Global Public Health on the theme of 'African Voices in Global Health: Knowledge, Creativity, Accountability'. This special issue explores Africans' self-understood roles – and voices – in global health (as both researchers and interlocutors in relation to various global health institutions/policies). We argue that the special issue's focus on African voices in global health is critical in view of the legacies of colonial medicine and public health for contemporary narratives, discourses, and practices. It is important to acknowledge that Africans continue to address the structural injustices facing them in relation to global health policies and practices on the continent. In the face of this they have demanded that donors, NGOs, governments, and intergovernmental organisations be politically, fiscally, and ethically accountable to the people they serve on the continent. As the special issue highlights, critical scholars of global health based in Africa are increasingly offering challenges to the frequent positioning of African patients and study-participants as either invisible, or disempowered, in understanding and shaping their own lived experiences of health in a transnational context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. The Discursive Utility of the Global, Local, and National: Teach For All in Africa.
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Lefebvre, Elisabeth E., Pradhan, Sahara, and Thomas, Matthew A. M.
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TEACHER training , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. , *TEACHER recruitment , *DISCOURSE analysis - Abstract
Teach For All (TFAll) is a global network dedicated to cultivating its unique brand of fast-track teacher training and policy reform. Launched in 2007, TFAll programs now exist in 60 countries—including Ghana, Nigeria, and Uganda—and utilize particular discourses to recruit teachers, court donors, and support ongoing operations. Scant research has focused on TFAll programs in Africa or the spatialized discourses of the network itself, however. This study draws on critical and multimodal discourse analyses to explore the discursive utility and deployment of the "global," "local," and "national" by TFAll and three of its African affiliate programs. Our findings suggest the "global" is depicted as expansive, universal, and progressive; the "local" is peripheral, authentic, and a site for humanitarian gaze; and the "national," though often elided, is framed by patriotic yet apolitical discourses, when invoked at all. We posit that these spatialized discourses help legitimate the work of TFAll organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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6. Rethinking Tests of the IO Effectiveness Hypothesis: Evidence from Counter-Piracy Efforts in the Global South.
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Ring, Jonathan and Uzonyi, Gary
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INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *POLITICAL systems , *COOPERATION - Abstract
Scholars have long debated whether international organizations (IO) matter in international politics. Skeptics argue that power politics determine outcomes while champions see IOs as important, independently shaping outcomes and reshaping the structure of politics. Between these extremes, scholars have made numerous theoretical and empirical contributions to understanding under what conditions IOs make a difference. Yet, the fundamental question remains: when IOs identify a significant problem, can they solve it? We identify an underutilized analytical approach to understanding this broad debate. Specifically, we suggest scholars analyze this question by focusing on an IOs response to given crises to provide internal validity to claims throughout this debate. Furthermore, we encourage scholars to move beyond the oft-cited global or European cases to better incorporate insights from IOs in various parts of the world. Here, we explore the Southern African Development Community's attempt to coordinate member states' maritime strategy to solve the emergent piracy problem caused by the Somali civil war. In identifying these new directions for research, we demonstrate that IOs, even under difficult circumstances, are effective actors in international politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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7. Proposal to set up a College of Family Medicine in East, Central and Southern Africa.
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Ray, Sunanda and Madzimbamuto, Farai D.
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FAMILY medicine , *COMMUNITIES , *EDUCATIONAL resources , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERNAL medicine , *HOSPITAL accreditation - Abstract
Family Medicine training in Africa is constrained by limited postgraduate educational resources and opportunities. Specialist training programmes in surgery, anaesthetics, internal medicine, paediatrics and others have developed a range of trainers and assessors through colleges across East, Central and Southern Africa (ECSA). Each college has a single curriculum with standardised training and assessment in designated institutions, which run alongside and in collaboration with the Master's in Medicine programmes in universities. Partnerships between colleges in Britain, Ireland and Canada and national specialist associations have led to joint training-of-trainer courses, e-learning platforms, improved regional coordination, better educational networking and research opportunities through regional conferences and joint publications. We propose the establishment of a regional college for specialist training of family physicians, similar to other specialist colleges in ECSA. Partnerships with family medicine programmes in South Africa, Canada and Australia, with support from international institutions such as the Primary Care and Family Medicine Network for Sub-Saharan Africa (PRIMAFAMED) and the World Organisation of Family Doctors (WONCA Africa), would be essential for its success. Improved health outcomes have been demonstrated with strong primary care systems and related to the number of family physicians in communities. A single regional college would make better use of resources available for training, assessment and accreditation and strengthen international and regional partnerships. Family medicine training in Africa could benefit from the experience of specialist colleges in the ECSA region to accelerate training of a critical mass of family physicians. This will raise the profile of family medicine in Africa and contribute to improved quality of primary care and clinical services in district hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. Radiotherapy resources in Africa: an International Atomic Energy Agency update and analysis of projected needs.
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Elmore, Shekinah N C, Polo, Alfredo, Bourque, Jean-Marc, Pynda, Yaroslav, van der Merwe, Debbie, Grover, Surbhi, Hopkins, Kirsten, Zubizarreta, Eduardo, and Abdel-Wahab, May
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CANCER patients , *NUCLEAR energy , *EXTERNAL beam radiotherapy , *HEALTH services accessibility , *RADIOTHERAPY , *MEDICAL care use , *FORECASTING , *TUMORS , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *MEDICAL needs assessment - Abstract
The number of patients with cancer in Africa has been predicted to increase from 844 279 in 2012 to more than 1·5 million in 2030. However, many countries in Africa still lack access to radiotherapy as a part of comprehensive cancer care. The objective of this analysis is to present an updated overview of radiotherapy resources in Africa and to analyse the gaps and needs of the continent for 2030 in the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Data from 54 African countries on teletherapy megavoltage units and brachytherapy afterloaders were extracted from the Directory for Radiotherapy Centres, an electronic, centralised, and continuously updated database of radiotherapy centres. Cancer incidence and future predictions were taken from the GLOBOCAN 2018 database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Radiotherapy need was estimated using a 64% radiotherapy utilisation rate, while assuming a machine throughput of 500 patients per year. As of March, 2020, 28 (52%) of 54 countries had access to external beam radiotherapy, 21 (39%) had brachytherapy capacity, and no country had a capacity that matched the estimated treatment need. Median income was an important predictor of the availability of megavoltage machines: US$1883 (IQR 914-3269) in countries without any machines versus $4485 (3079-12480) in countries with at least one megavoltage machine (p=0·0003). If radiotherapy expansion continues at the rate observed over the past 7 years, it is unlikely that the continent will meet its radiotherapy needs. This access gap might impact the ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly the target to reduce preventable, premature mortality by a third, and meet the target of the cervical cancer elimination strategy of 90% with access to treatment. Urgent, novel initiatives in financing and human capacity building are needed to change the trajectory and provide comprehensive cancer care to patients in Africa in the next decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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9. Czechoslovakia, Eastern Bloc and Expert Missions to Africa. An Introduction to the Special Issue.
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Pešta, Mikuláš
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KNOWLEDGE transfer , *COLD War, 1945-1991 , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *SOCIALISM - Abstract
As this introductory study argues, state socialist experts dispatched for Africa during the Cold War were an important current in global transfers of knowledge. The paper introduces the scholarship on socialist experts and their relations to international organizations, modernization theory and the concept of development. Furthermore, it also delves into the personal experience of the experts in the place of their positioning and how they affected and were affected by the environment they were sent to. The paper thus summarizes the state of art and explores the possibilities of where the research might go from here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
10. African Leadership in Human Rights: The Gambia and The Commonwealth Human Rights Commission, 1977–83.
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Kirby, James
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LEADERSHIP , *HUMAN rights , *HUMAN rights movements , *INTERNATIONAL agencies - Abstract
This article examines The Gambia's campaign from 1977-83 for a new international mechanism to protect human rights in the Commonwealth of Nations. President Dawda Jawara's crusade for a Commonwealth Human Rights Commission complicates the dominant scholarly interpretation of human rights history, which tends to dismiss or overlook African participation in the international human rights movement. The article explains The Gambia's display of human rights idealism as a strategy to attract aid and legitimacy in the global arena. It also shows how The Gambia's project was thwarted by the 'Old Commonwealth', including the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. Western member states worked together to surreptitiously weaken and defeat The Gambia's initiative, while deflecting blame and counting on 'New Commonwealth' governments in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and the Pacific to play the role of antagonist. Overall, the article contends the Commonwealth Human Rights Commission was killed because it threatened illusions and assumptions about the human rights movement that were convenient for western powers. With the use of archival sources from the UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, this article spotlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of African and Global South actors in human rights history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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11. A transdiagnostic perspective of constructs underlying obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: An international Delphi consensus study.
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Fontenelle, Leonardo F, Oldenhof, Erin, Eduarda Moreira-de-Oliveira, Maria, Abramowitz, Jonathan S, Antony, Martin M, Cath, Danielle, Carter, Adrian, Dougherty, Darin, Ferrão, Ygor A, Figee, Martijn, Harrison, Ben J, Hoexter, Marcelo, Soo Kwon, Jun, Küelz, Anne, Lazaro, Luísa, Lochner, Christine, Marazziti, Donatella, Mataix-Cols, David, McKay, Dean, and Miguel, Euripedes C
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DIAGNOSIS of obsessive-compulsive disorder , *CONTROL (Psychology) , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *COGNITION , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *CONSENSUS (Social sciences) , *DELPHI method , *DISCUSSION , *EXPERTISE , *HABIT , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *MEDICAL personnel , *MEDICAL practice , *MEDICAL research , *NEUROSCIENCES , *OBSESSIVE-compulsive disorder , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background: The Research Domain Criteria seeks to bridge knowledge from neuroscience with clinical practice by promoting research into valid neurocognitive phenotypes and dimensions, irrespective of symptoms and diagnoses as currently conceptualized. While the Research Domain Criteria offers a vision of future research and practice, its 39 functional constructs need refinement to better target new phenotyping efforts. This study aimed to determine which Research Domain Criteria constructs are most relevant to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, based on a consensus between experts in the field of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Methods: Based on a modified Delphi method, 46 experts were recruited from Australia, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Over three rounds, experts had the opportunity to review their opinion in light of feedback from the previous round, which included how their response compared to other experts and a summary of comments given. Results: Thirty-four experts completed round one, of whom 28 (82%) completed round two and 24 (71%) completed round three. At the final round, four constructs were endorsed by ⩾75% of experts as 'primary constructs' and therefore central to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Of these constructs, one came from the Positive Valence System (Habit), two from the Cognitive Control System (Response Selection/Inhibition and Performance Monitoring) and the final construct was an additional item suggested by experts (Compulsivity). Conclusion: This study identified four Research Domain Criteria constructs that, according to experts, cut across different obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. These constructs represent key areas for future investigation, and may have potential implications for clinical practice in terms of diagnostic processes and therapeutic management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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12. International league of associations for rheumatology recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis in resource-poor settings.
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Elmamoun, M., Eraso, M., Anderson, M., Maharaj, A., Coates, L., Chandran, Vinod, Abogamal, A., Adebajo, A. O., Ajibade, A., Ayanlowo, O., Azevedo, V., Bautista-Molano, W., Carneiro, S., Goldenstein-Schainberg, C., Hernandez-Velasco, F., Ima-Edomwonyi, U., Lima, A., Medina-Rosas, J., Mody, G. M., and Narang, T.
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RHEUMATOLOGY , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *PSORIATIC arthritis , *RHEUMATISM , *RESEARCH teams - Abstract
Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a challenging heterogeneous disease. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and PsA (GRAPPA) last published their respective recommendations for the management of PsA in 2015. However, these guidelines are primarily based on studies conducted in resource replete countries and may not be applicable in countries in the Americas (except Canada and USA) and Africa. We sought to adapt the existing recommendations for these regions under the auspices of the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR). Process: The ADAPTE Collaboration (2009) process for guideline adaptation was followed to adapt the EULAR and GRAPPA PsA treatment recommendations for the Americas and Africa. The process was conducted in three recommended phases: set-up phase; adaptation phase (defining health questions, assessing source recommendations, drafting report), and finalization phase (external review, aftercare planning, and final production). Result: ILAR recommendations have been derived principally by adapting the GRAPPA recommendations, additionally, EULAR recommendations where appropriate and supplemented by expert opinion and literature from these regions. A paucity of data relevant to resource-poor settings was found in PsA management literature. Conclusion: The ILAR Treatment Recommendations for PsA intends to serve as reference for the management of PsA in the Americas and Africa. This paper illustrates the experience of an international working group in adapting existing recommendations to a resource-poor setting. It highlights the need to conduct research on the management of PsA in these regions as data are currently lacking. Key Points • The paper presents adapted recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis in resource-poor settings. • The ADAPTE process was used to adapt existing GRAPPA and EULAR recommendations by collaboration with practicing clinicians from the Americas and Africa. • The evidence from resource-poor settings to answer clinically relevant questions was scant or non-existent; hence, a research agenda is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. Nigeria's Foreign Policy Goals in Peacekeeping Operations in Africa.
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Safiyanu, Sani, Rogers, Roy Anthony, and Wan Ahmad Amin Jaffri, Wan Sharina Ramlah
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *PEACEKEEPING forces , *INTERNATIONAL agencies - Abstract
In line with its foreign policy objectives, Nigeria, since its independence, has been participating in Peacekeeping Operations (PKOs) in Africa. It was in recognition of the country's commitment to the United Nations' (UN) objectives of maintaining peace and security that made it contribute troops to the UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) for the first time in 1960. For more than fifty years, Nigeria has continued to make giant strides and commitment in this regard. This paper examines the benefits it derives from participating in PKOs in Africa under the UN, OAU (now AU) and the ECOMOG. Using both primary and secondary data, the paper argues that a normative anxiety was the primary motivating factor for Nigeria's involvement in PKOs in Africa. This is driven by the idiosyncrasies of the country's leaders since its independence in 1960. Nigeria's decision-makers are confident that its participation in PKOs serves a number of foreign policy goals and provides for the nation's interests. The effort promotes the country's prestige and influence in the comity of nations and in Intergovernmental Organisations (the UN, AU and ECOWAS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
14. An International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners (ISOPP) Survey of biosimilar implementation in oncology practice in Africa.
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Foreman, Emma, Mwangi, Winne, and Na, Eunji
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PROFESSIONAL practice , *BIOSIMILARS , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *SURVEYS , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *ONCOLOGY , *CANCER patient medical care - Abstract
Background: The implementation of biosimilars has been shown to reduce costs and improve access to biological medicines in many countries around the world. This is important in the field of oncology where the use of targeted biological medicines has improved cancer outcomes in several tumour types. In 2019, an ISOPP survey identified several barriers to biosimilar implementation faced by oncology pharmacists internationally. The African region was identified as facing several challenges to implementation that were different from those experienced in higher-income settings. Purpose: The survey was designed to explore these challenges further, with a view to designing educationalmaterials and resources which meet the specific needs of oncology pharmacists and other oncology professionals in Africa. Method: A questionnaire was drafted based on the original international questionnaire, and then discussed with a focus group of African pharmacists via Zoom to adapt the questions to reflect African practice. The finished questionnaire was distributed to ISOPP members and shared further using local professional networks and national oncology pharmacy associations. Results: Sixteen responses were received from a range of African countries: Nigeria (n = 5), Kenya (n = 3), Ghana (n = 2), Malawi (n = 2), Rwanda (n = 1), South Africa (n = 1), Uganda (n = 1) and Zambia (n = 1). The majority (94%) of respondents were hospital pharmacists from a range of institutions including private, government, academic and specialist hospitals. 94% of respondents were already using biosimilars, and all planned to use them in the future. The biggest factor influencing the decision to use biosimilars was cost, with most treatments being funded completely or partly out of pocket or via a health insurance scheme. The range of products available varied. Supportive medicine biosimilars such as filgrastim and epoetin were available to 87% and 69% of respondents, respectively; around 60% of respondents had access to rituximab, trastuzumab and bevacizumab biosimilars. Infliximab (16%) and cetuximab (25%) were the least available biosimilar products. The biggest barriers to implementation were a lack of availability of licensed biosimilar products and the reluctance of prescribers to switch established patients to a biosimilar. A quarter of respondents indicated the availability of unlicensed biologic medicines, known as ‘biomimics’. Knowledge and awareness of biosimilars were rated as low among both patients and healthcare professionals, highlighting a continued need for education and training. Suggested resources to address these needs were prescribing guidelines, patient education materials and healthcare professional education materials, with in-person training and webinars being the preferred platform for education. Conclusion: African pharmacists are keen to use biosimilars in their institutions, seeing cost savings as the main advantage. The main challenges identified were the availability of licensed products, suggesting regulatory issues of problems with the market for biosimilars in Africa, and a lack of understanding about biosimilar products among both patients and healthcare professionals. It would be useful for ISOPP to develop some education and training materials adapted for use in the African region, but further work is required at the governmental level to improve biosimilar availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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15. Lessons learnt from implementation of the International Health Regulations: a systematic review.
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Suthar, Amitabh B., Allen, Lisa G., Cifuentes, Sara, Dye, Christopher, and Nagata, Jason M.
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INTERNATIONAL public health laws , *DIFFUSION of innovations , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *HEALTH policy , *MEDLINE , *ONLINE information services , *CULTURAL pluralism , *POLICY sciences , *PRACTICAL politics , *POPULATION geography , *PUBLIC health surveillance , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
Objective To respond to the World Health Assembly call for dissemination of lessons learnt from countries that have begun implementing the International Health Regulations, 2005 revision; IHR (2005). Methods In November 2015, we conducted a systematic search of the following online databases and sources: PubMed®, Embase®, Global Health, Scopus, World Health Organization (WHO) Global Index Medicus, WHO Bulletin on IHR Implementation and the International Society for Disease Surveillance. We included identified studies and reports summarizing national experience in implementing any of the IHR (2005) core capacities or their components. We excluded studies that were theoretical or referred to IHR (1969). Qualitative systematic review methodology, including meta-ethnography, was used for qualitative synthesis. Findings We analysed 51 articles from 77 countries representing all WHO Regions. The meta-syntheses identified a total of 44 lessons learnt across the eight core capacities of IHR (2005). Major themes included the need to mobilize and sustain political commitment; to adapt global requirements based on local sociocultural, epidemiological, health system and economic contexts; and to conduct baseline and follow-up assessments to monitor the status of IHR (2005) implementation. Conclusion Although experiences of IHR (2005) implementation covered a wide global range, more documentation from Africa and Eastern Europe is needed. We did not find specific areas of weakness in monitoring IHR (2005); sustained monitoring of all core capacities is required to ensure effective systems. These lessons learnt could be adapted by countries in the process of meeting IHR (2005) requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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16. Relationship Between Viremia and Specific Organ Damage in Ebola Patients: A Cohort Study.
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Lanini, Simone, Portella, Gina, Vairo, Francesco, Kobinger, Gary P, Pesenti, Antonio, Langer, Martin, Kabia, Soccoh, Brogiato, Giorgio, Amone, Jackson, and Castilletti, Concetta
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MUSCLE diseases , *VIREMIA , *ASPARTATE aminotransferase , *BILIRUBIN , *BIOMARKERS , *BLOOD coagulation , *CREATINE kinase , *CREATININE , *EBOLA virus disease , *PATIENT aftercare , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *KIDNEY function tests , *LACTATE dehydrogenase , *LIVER function tests , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MEDICAL care , *MULTIPLE organ failure , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *PATIENTS , *SURVIVAL , *ALANINE aminotransferase , *HUMAN research subjects , *PATIENT selection , *DATA analysis software , *BLOOD urea nitrogen , *INTERNATIONAL normalized ratio , *PARTIAL thromboplastin time , *DISEASE complications , *DIAGNOSIS , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background. Pathogenesis of Ebola virus disease remains poorly understood. We used concomitant determination of routine laboratory biomarkers and Ebola viremia to explore the potential role of viral replication in specific organ damage. Methods. We recruited patients with detectable Ebola viremia admitted to the EMERGENCY Organizzazione Non Governativa Organizzazione Non Lucrativa di Utilità Sociale (ONG ONLUS) Ebola Treatment Center in Sierra Leone. Repeated measure of Ebola viremia, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), activated prothrombin time (aPTT), international normalized ratio (INR), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were recorded. Patients were followed up from admission until death or discharge. Results. One hundred patients (49 survivors and 51 nonsurvivors) were included in the analysis. Unadjusted analysis to compare survivors and nonsurvivors provided evidence that all biomarkers were significantly above the normal range and that the extent of these abnormalities was generally higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. Multivariable mixed-effects models provided strong evidence for a biological gradient (suggestive of a direct role in organ damage) between the viremia levels and either ALT, AST, CPK LDH, aPTT, and INR. In contrast, no direct linear association was found between viremia and either creatinine, BUN, or bilirubin. Conclusions. This study provides evidence to support that Ebola virus may have a direct role in muscular damage and imbalance of the coagulation system. We did not find strong evidence suggestive of a direct role of Ebola virus in kidney damage. The role of the virus in liver damage remains unclear, but our evidence suggests that acute severe liver injury is not a typical feature of Ebola virus disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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17. Gleanings from the Whirl.
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Caraway, Beatrice L.
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LIBRARY associations , *LIBRARIES , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *ARCHIVES , *AWARDS , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *COOPERATIVE cataloging databases , *CIVIL rights , *MERGERS & acquisitions , *DATABASE industry , *ELECTRONIC books , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *JURISPRUDENCE , *SCHOLARLY method , *METADATA , *NONPROFIT organizations , *RARE books , *SERIAL publications , *SOCIAL sciences , *ACCESS to information , *PROFESSIONAL licenses , *DATA security , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article presents information on international serials and electronic resource management which includes library schools, continuing education and library-orientated organizations. The article also discusses the awards and grants given by EBSCO Information Services and the recommendations provided by the National Information Standards Organization (NISO).
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- 2017
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18. The UK's multidisciplinary response to an Ebola epidemic.
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Reece, Sian, Brown, Colin S., Dunning, Jake, Chand, Meera A., Zambon, Maria C., and Jacobs, Michael
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EBOLA virus disease prevention , *EPIDEMICS , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *MILITARY medicine , *NATIONAL health services , *PUBLIC health , *WORLD health , *EBOLA virus - Abstract
The West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic was the largest and most devastating outbreak of EVD the world has ever seen. Its impact was felt far from the shores of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, with public health systems and clinicians across the globe confronted with an international response both in the affected region and within their own borders. The UK had a prominent role in response efforts, particularly in Sierra Leone. This article highlights how UK academic, health service, military, commercial and public health professionals all played a signifi cant role both at home and abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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19. International Mentoring Programs: Leadership Opportunities to Enhance Worldwide Pharmacy Practice.
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Ubaka, Chukwuemeka, Brechtelsbauer, Erich, and Goff, Debra A.
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INTERNATIONAL agencies , *LEADERSHIP , *MEDICAL care , *MENTORING , *PATIENTS , *PHARMACISTS , *PHARMACOLOGY , *PHARMACY education , *SCHOLARSHIPS , *HUMAN services programs - Abstract
Health-system and community pharmacy practice in the United States is experiencing transformational change; however, this transformation is lagging in the international arena. As a result, efforts are being made to provide support and education to the international pharmacy leaders and practitioners. This article describes one effort, the Mandela Washington Fellows Program, and suggests areas where pharmacy leaders can be involved to help advance the practice of pharmacy on an international level. The Mandela Washington Fellows Program for young Africa leaders consists of a US-Africa pharmacymentoring program identified ranging from educational opportunities to collaboration for implementation of patient care programs. The specifics of the mentoring program include daily meetings, clinic and ward rounds, round table discussions with mentors, and visits to various hospital care systems. Lessons were learned and strategies for sustaining the program are discussed. These types of programs represent leadership opportunities that may not be apparent to most pharmacy directors, but expanding their view to helping international pharmacists expand their practice only strengthens the professional goal of providing patient-centered pharmacy services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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20. The Practical Sense of Protection: A Discussion Paper on the Reporting of Child Abuse in Africa and whether International Standards Actually Help Keep Children Safe.
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Walker‐Simpson, Karen
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PREVENTION of child abuse , *CHILD welfare , *CHILDREN'S accident prevention , *HEALTH , *HEALTH services administration , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *NONPROFIT organizations , *PUBLIC health laws , *SYSTEMS theory , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases , *REGULATORY approval ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
International child protection standards aim to ensure that non-governmental organisations 'do no harm' but the current approach to reporting abuse may actually leave children unprotected and, in some cases, expose them to greater risk. This discussion paper gives voice to concerns raised by local practitioners in Africa and places them within the context of available research in order to stimulate a debate aimed at enhancing the impact of current safeguards. Drawing on systems theory and the work of Pierre Bourdieu, the article illustrates how the current model of reporting often fails to take into account the significant disconnect between formal and informal protection mechanisms, as well as the unpredictability of individual decision-making. Examples from research and practitioner experience illustrate how reporting procedures may provide a route to protection which is impractical and undesirable to local people, and may ultimately be unhelpful to local practitioners. The article calls for further research to inform changes to the current approach and for a review of funding requirements in order that local organisations have greater scope to engage communities in the co-creation of procedures, thereby indigenising responses to ensure that they are realistic and genuinely respond to the specificities of children's lives. Key Practitioner Messages Formal reporting procedures may actually offer routes to protection that are inaccessible or unacceptable to local people., Reporting procedures should be developed with a much greater participation of local people., There is a need for investment in piloting and implementing locally led approaches to capacity building., The engagement of donors is critical in order to develop a new approach to evaluating 'child safe' organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Using advocacy and data to strengthen political accountability in maternal and newborn health in Africa.
- Author
-
ten Hoope‐Bender, Petra, Martin Hilber, Adriane, Nove, Andrea, Bandali, Sarah, Nam, Sara, Armstrong, Corinne, Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed, Chatuluka, Mathias G., Magoma, Moke, and Hulton, Louise
- Subjects
- *
PATIENT advocacy , *POLITICAL accountability , *MATERNAL health , *INTERNATIONAL agencies ,NEWBORN infant health - Abstract
Accountability mechanisms help governments and development partners fulfill the promises and commitments they make to global initiatives such as the Millennium Development Goals and the Global Strategy on Women's and Children's health, and regional or national strategies such as the Campaign for the Accelerated Reduction in Maternal Mortality in Africa (CARMMA). But without directed pressure, comparative data and tools to provide insight into successes, failures, and overall results, accountability fails. The analysis of accountability mechanisms in five countries supported by the Evidence for Action program shows that accountability is most effective when it is connected across global and national levels; civil society has a central and independent role; proactive, immediate and targeted implementation mechanisms are funded from the start; advocacy for accountability is combined with local outreach activities such as blood drives; local and national champions (Presidents, First Ladies, Ministers) help draw public attention to government performance; scorecards are developed to provide insight into performance and highlight necessary improvements; and politicians at subnational level are supported by national leaders to effect change. Under the Sustainable Development Goals, accountability and advocacy supported by global and regional intergovernmental organizations, constantly monitored and with commensurate retribution for nonperformance will remain essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Recommendations for dealing with waste contaminated with Ebola virus: a Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points approach.
- Author
-
Edmunds, Kelly L., Abd Elrahman, Samira, Bell, Diana J., Brainard, Julii, Dervisevic, Samir, Fedha, Tsimbiri P., Few, Roger, Howard, Guy, Lake, Iain, Maes, Peter, Matofari, Joseph, Minnigh, Harvey, Mohamedani, Ahmed A., Montgomery, Maggie, Morter, Sarah, Muchiri, Edward, Mudau, Lutendo S., Mutua, Benedict M., Ndambuki, Julius M., and Pond, Katherine
- Subjects
- *
EBOLA viral disease transmission , *EBOLA virus disease , *COMMUNICABLE diseases , *DECONTAMINATION (From gases, chemicals, etc.) , *EPIDEMICS , *HEALTH care teams , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *MEDICAL protocols , *MEDICAL wastes , *MEDICAL waste disposal , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Objective To assess, within communities experiencing Ebola virus outbreaks, the risks associated with the disposal of human waste and to generate recommendations for mitigating such risks. Methods A team with expertise in the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points framework identified waste products from the care of individuals with Ebola virus disease and constructed, tested and confirmed flow diagrams showing the creation of such products. After listing potential hazards associated with each step in each flow diagram, the team conducted a hazard analysis, determined critical control points and made recommendations to mitigate the transmission risks at each control point. Findings The collection, transportation, cleaning and shared use of blood-soiled fomites and the shared use of latrines contaminated with blood or bloodied faeces appeared to be associated with particularly high levels of risk of Ebola virus transmission. More moderate levels of risk were associated with the collection and transportation of material contaminated with bodily fluids other than blood, shared use of latrines soiled with such fluids, the cleaning and shared use of fomites soiled with such fluids, and the contamination of the environment during the collection and transportation of blood-contaminated waste. Conclusion The risk of the waste-related transmission of Ebola virus could be reduced by the use of full personal protective equipment, appropriate hand hygiene and an appropriate disinfectant after careful cleaning. Use of the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points framework could facilitate rapid responses to outbreaks of emerging infectious disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The impact of global health initiatives on the health system in Angola.
- Author
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Craveiro, Isabel and Dussault, Gilles
- Subjects
- *
EXECUTIVES , *HUMANITARIANISM , *INTELLECT , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERVIEWING , *LABOR supply , *LOCAL government , *LONGITUDINAL method , *RESEARCH methodology , *NATIONAL health services , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *WORLD health , *GOVERNMENT policy , *THEMATIC analysis , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
We assessed the impact of global health initiatives (GHIs) on the health care system of Angola, as a contribution to documenting how GHIs, such as the Global Fund, GAVI and PEPFAR, influence the planning and delivery of health services in low-income countries and how national systems respond. We collected the views of national and sub-national key informants through 42 semi-structured interviews between April 2009 and May 2011 (12 at the national level and 30 at the sub-national level). We used a snowball technique to identify respondents from government, donors and non-governmental organisations. GHIs stimulated the formulation of a health policy and of plans and strategies, but the country has yet to decide on its priorities for health. At the regional level, managers lack knowledge of how GHIs’ function, but they assess the effects of external funds as positive as they increased training opportunities, and augment the number of workers engaged in HIV or other specific disease programmes. However, GHIs did not address the challenge of attraction and retention of qualified personnel in provinces. Since Angola is not entirely dependent on external funding, national strategic programmes and the interventions of GHIs co-habit well, in contrast to countries such as Mozambique, which heavily depend on external aid. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Health governance in Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Author
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Mooketsane, Keneilwe Sadie and Phirinyane, Molefe B.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMICS , *HEALTH policy , *PUBLIC administration , *INTERNATIONAL agencies - Abstract
The article focuses on the health governance in Sub-Saharan Africa. Topics discussed include how good governance in health systems promotes effective delivery of health services; Sub-Saharan Africa's performance on health outcomes remains poor; the role of national actors in global health governance; and opinion that the African Union should establish early warning systems about epidemics, natural disasters and other threats that may derail health governance in the region.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Regional health governance: A suggested agenda for Southern African health diplomacy.
- Author
-
Penfold, Erica Dale and Fourie, Pieter
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *GOAL (Psychology) , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *MEDICAL personnel , *WORLD health , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Regional organisations can effectively promote regional health diplomacy and governance through engagement with regional social policy. Regional bodies make decisions about health challenges in the region, for example, the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and the World Health Organisation South East Asia Regional Office (WHO-SEARO). The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has a limited health presence as a regional organisation and diplomatic partner in health governance. This article identifies how SADC facilitates and coordinates health policy, arguing that SADC has the potential to promote regional health diplomacy and governance through engagement with regional social policy. The article identifies the role of global health diplomacy and niche diplomacy in health governance. The role of SADC as a regional organisation and the way it functions is then explained, focusing on how SADC engages with health issues in the region. Recommendations are made as to how SADC can play a more decisive role as a regional organisation to implement South–South management of the regional social policy, health governance and health diplomacy agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Perspectives of sustainable global school health promotion in Asia and Africa.
- Author
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Kobayashi, Jun and Takahashi, Kenzo
- Subjects
- *
STUDENT health , *MEETINGS , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *SERIAL publications , *WORLD health , *MEDICAL personnel , *PEDIATRICS , *SUSTAINABLE development , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *HEALTH promotion , *GOAL (Psychology) - Abstract
An introduction is presented in which the editor issue on topics including School health promotion in Japan and its contribution to Asia and Africa, Promotion of comprehensive school health in Africa as a sustainable approach at the school level, and Sustainable school health program.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Reporting Rape in Congo: A Unique or Paradigmatic Case?
- Author
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Lindsey, Summer E. and Toft, Monica Duffy
- Subjects
- *
RAPE , *MASS media , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *RAPE victims - Abstract
This paper analyses media reporting on rape across Africa and within the Democratic Republic of Congo. The central question is whether Congo deserves the title of "rape capital of the world." We find that not only is this question difficult to answer with existing data on rape in Congo, but that media reporting suffers from a number of biases in its reports on rape. The paper concludes that the emphasis on description of a general environment of rape rather than on description of ground-based facts makes it difficult to decipher what we actually know about the underlying dynamics of rape in Congo. Regardless of the merits of the bestowing of the title initially, we highlight how a pernicious circle emerges as the title is perpetuated by international agents and reinforced in the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
28. ARIPO Championing Africa's intellectual property.
- Author
-
Ankomah, Baffour
- Subjects
- *
INTELLECTUAL property , *AFRICAN cooperation , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *SOCIETIES - Abstract
The article focuses on the function of the African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation (ARIPO) in protecting intellectual property (IP) rights in Africa. Topics include ARIPO director general Fernando dos Santos' statement on the use of the IP system, the importance of cooperation with member countries and other international organisations, and the inauguration of the ARIPO Regional Training Centre on February 15, 2006.
- Published
- 2017
29. African prosperity hinges on intellectual property.
- Author
-
Ankomah, Baffour
- Subjects
- *
INTELLECTUAL property , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *CORPORATE directors , *SOCIETIES - Abstract
An interview with Fernando dos Santos, director general of the African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation (ARIPO), is presented. Topics discussed include the relevance of IP to African countries and citizens, the contribution of the ARIPO, and the use of the IP systems. Information regarding the ARIPO's achievements and celebration of its 40th anniversary on December 9, 2016 is also provided.
- Published
- 2017
30. OUT OF AFRICA.
- Author
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Beinhart, Peter
- Subjects
- *
HUMANITARIAN assistance , *INTERNATIONAL economic assistance , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *FINANCIAL institutions , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations , *INTERNATIONAL relations, 1989- - Abstract
Claims that Western governments are disengaging in Africa by ceding control to international aid agencies and multilateral lending institutions as of 1994. Evolution of the foreign policy of Western countries toward Africa; Suggestion that Western governments have no significant interests on the continent; Contribution of the International Monetary Fund to African development; Effects of structural adjustment programs on African countries; Role of international non-governmental organizations in directing government aid and setting policy in Africa; Developmental paradigms followed by aid agencies and multilateral lending institutions.
- Published
- 1994
31. Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development: First report – promoting social and economic equalities.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMICS , *HEALTH planning , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *POPULATION geography , *SOCIAL case work , *SOCIAL justice , *WORLD health , *OCCUPATIONAL roles - Abstract
The article focuses on a report from the Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development on the promotion of social and economic equalities. It presents several regional perspectives including the recognition of social development activity in Africa, the formal regulation of social work in Asia Pacific countries including Australia, Japan and South Korea, and the apparent decline the quality of service under social work and welfare across Europe following the financial crisis in 2008-2009.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. African Region.
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL work education , *HEALTH planning , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *SOCIAL case work , *SOCIAL justice , *VIOLENCE , *WOMEN'S health , *SOCIAL worker attitudes , *EDUCATION associations - Abstract
The article focuses on social work and social development in the African region. It mentions the commitment of the region to the institutionalization of the African Observatory for the Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development, use of case studies and an online survey in obtaining data for social and economic equality promotion which stands as the first pillar of the Agenda and insights learned, one is the importance of aligning activities with needs identified on a baseline survey.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. New Trends in School Lunch Provision:.
- Author
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Rutledge, Jennifer Geist
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL school lunch program , *SCHOOL food , *NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper documents a new trend in the provision of school lunch programs. NGOs and regional organizations are increasingly taking responsibility for providing school meals. This paper addresses why this has happened and what the effects are of this trend by analyzing Catholic Relief Services and Africa's new Home Grown School Feeding Programme. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
34. Local Politics and Global Development: Campaigns against "Traditional Cultural Practices" in East Africa.
- Author
-
Koomen, Jonneke
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL agencies , *CHARITABLE uses, trusts, & foundations , *NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations , *FEMALE genital mutilation - Abstract
International development agencies, donors and non-governmental organizations have long campaigned to end "traditional cultural practices" in Africa. Efforts to eradicate female genital cutting have been widely celebrated, promoted and replicated across ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
35. A Tale of Two Conflicts: Rwanda, Darfur and Media Coverage of Genocide.
- Author
-
Zagorski, Kimberly
- Subjects
- *
GENOCIDE , *ATROCITIES , *CRIMES against humanity , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL agencies - Abstract
This paper uses "indexing theory" to assess American media coverage of two African genocides: Rwanda and Darfur. At question is the role media plays in foreign policy, that of "watchdog" or "policy supporter." ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
36. Sovereignty as Responsibility: Theory and Practice in Africa.
- Author
-
Gandois, Hélène
- Subjects
- *
SOVEREIGNTY , *RESPONSIBILITY , *INTERNATIONAL agencies - Abstract
This paper is a first attempt to confront the concept of sovereignty as responsibility to protect to its implementation (or lack thereof) on the African continent. This paper explores the paradoxical evolution of the concept of sovereignty as responsibility to protect: from its theoretical roots in the Western world to its confrontation with reality on the African continent. Indeed, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the African Union are the only organizations that institutionalized the concept, thus allowing them to intervene in cases of âgenocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. A rapid history of the evolution of the notion of sovereignty will first be outlined. Then, this development at the global level will be put in perspective thanks to the specific approach to sovereignty than can be found in Africa, this unique approach and historical experience leading to its redefinition in the charters and protocols of African regional organizations in 1999 for ECOWAS, in 2000 for the African Union and in 2001 for SADC. Finally, we will see how this new norm is being operationalized and implemented by the regional organizations of the African continent and what it implies for the future of the concept and of sovereignty in general. Does the often patchy and limited implementation of sovereignty as responsibility to protect by weak organizations reinforce, change or denature the very nature of the concept? ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
37. External Actors and Debt Relief for Africa.
- Author
-
Callaghy, Thomas M.
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC debts , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *PRESSURE groups , *NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations , *SUSTAINABLE development - Abstract
The article focuses on the evolution of the international sovereign debt regime in relation to the heavily indebted poor countries of Africa. It states that U.S. agencies such as advocacy and development non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are major actors in policy innovation in the debt regime and have an important impact on the region. Official agencies, NGO debt networks and the epistemic community constitute the triple helix. It concludes that growth is vital to the effort of achieving viable debt sustainability.
- Published
- 2005
38. ECONOMICAL CONSTRAINTS TO WASTE MANAGEMENT IN COTONOU, BENIN, WEST AFRICA.
- Author
-
Yorou, N. S. and Amoussou, T. G.
- Subjects
- *
WASTE salvage , *INTERNATIONAL law , *NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *ENVIRONMENTAL quality - Abstract
As a key features common to the most African cities, Cotonou is currently facing severe waste management challenges despite numerous national and international legislative regulations undertaken by the country. At national level, waste management in Cotonou is a matter of several ministerial departments that operating with very little relationships between each other but also a deep-seated motivation of private communities organised through Non- Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Unfortunately, the channel of Waste management in Benin is facing many socio-political, administrative and legislative constraints. At uphill, the very low purchase rate of the households unable them to effectively pay their charge to the waste gathering protocol established by the NGOs. At downhill, only one official recycling centre exist due to the high rate of implantation costs and the very low outputs. The NGOs themselves are operating through bilateral collaborations financial supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
39. Extra-territorial money laundering legislation: criminal sanction, deterrence, and the African PEP.
- Author
-
Oke, Tayo
- Subjects
- *
MONEY laundering , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *FINANCIAL services industry , *LAW - Abstract
Many of the provisions of the major international conventions on money laundering concluded by Western-dominated international agencies have rightly metamorphosed into anti-money laundering domestic criminal legislation in several African countries. It is the contention of this paper that this development has happened only haphazardly, and it has been mainly at the prodding of Western financial institutions and donor agencies. African leaders themselves have shown little enthusiasm for the raft of legislations being encouraged (and in many cases enacted) as useful tools in prosecuting cases of money laundering involving politically exposed persons (PEPs). It is further contended that the reason for this antipathy lies in the fact that although these legislations have been construed on universal principles, they haveipso-facto, been construed outside the socio-legal context of the African PEP. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Social policy in the context of new global actors: How far is China’s developmental model in Africa impacting traditional donors?
- Author
-
Urbina-Ferretjans, Marian and Surender, Rebecca
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION , *PUBLIC health , *CONTENT analysis , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERVIEWING , *INVESTMENTS , *RESEARCH methodology , *SOCIAL problems , *QUALITATIVE research ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
China’s role as an emerging donor and its conceptualization of social policy in Africa has generated polarized reactions in the West. Many argue its ‘productivist’ approach is driven less by notions of citizenship and social rights, and more in terms of accumulation functions. Social investment is justified for broader economic development goals in contrast to current safety-net or ‘welfarist’ models of Western donors. While some international organizations perceive the Chinese approach as antithetical to Western goals and practice, others welcome it as an opportunity to develop new ideas about social development.This qualitative research explores to what extent and in which direction Chinese aid to Africa is influencing Western ideas about welfare policy in developing countries. The study comprises a systematic review of Sino-African and Western policy documents and in-depth interviews with senior Chinese, Western and African stakeholders. It investigates how social policy is conceptualized by those involved in Chinese aid to Africa, to what extent this differs from traditional Western approaches, and what it means for Western social development policy. The implications for understanding the drivers of global policy development and links between the economic and social dimensions of welfare are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Gleanings from the Whirl.
- Author
-
Caraway, Beatrice L.
- Subjects
- *
OPTICS , *ELECTRONIC publication standards , *CATALOGING standards , *ARCHIVES , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *CATALOGING , *COOPERATIVE cataloging databases , *COMPUTER input-output equipment , *COMPUTER software , *MERGERS & acquisitions , *DATABASE industry , *DIGITAL libraries , *DOCUMENT delivery , *GRAPHIC arts , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *SCHOLARLY method , *LIBRARY cooperation , *LITERATURE , *ORGANIZATIONAL change , *PUBLISHING , *RESEARCH , *ADULT education workshops , *SERIAL publications , *ORGANIZATIONAL structure , *ACCESS to information , *DATA security , *CLOUD computing , *STANDARDS , *SOCIETIES - Abstract
This section offers news briefs on international serials and electronic resource management as of August 2013. The National Information Standards Organization (NISO) has received a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The North American Serials Interest Group (NASIG) reported the results of its annual election. The 2013 annual conference of the Association of Subscription Agents & Intermediaries (ASA) has been held in London, England.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. International Congress 'Hidden Hunger', March 5-9, 2013, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany.
- Author
-
Biesalski, Hans K.
- Subjects
- *
CONFERENCES & conventions , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *REPORT writing - Abstract
No abstract available [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. COMMON PROBLEMS AFFECTING SUPRANATIONAL ATTEMPTS IN AFRICA: AN ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW.
- Author
-
Fagbayibo, B.
- Subjects
- *
SUPRANATIONALISM , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *DECISION making , *INSTITUTIONAL autonomy , *INTELLECTUAL freedom - Abstract
The article focuses on efforts in building supranational units for administrative and legal convenience in various regions of Africa to meet the functional economic needs. It informs that supranationalism remain important at the sub-regional levels including the regional intergovernmental organization East African Community, Economic Community of West African States, a regional group of sixteen countries, and the Organisation for Harmonisation in Africa of Business Laws. Supranationalism is a politico-legal concept which includes decisional autonomy and the institutional autonomy of an organization.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Power Dynamics in International Negotiations toward Equitable Policies, Partnerships, and Practices: Why it Matters for Africa, the Developing World, and their Higher Education Systems.
- Author
-
Cossa, José
- Subjects
- *
POWER (Social sciences) , *EDUCATION , *HIGHER education , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *INTERNATIONAL economic assistance , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *NEGOTIATION , *EDUCATION policy , *PRISONER'S dilemma game , *ECONOMICS ,DEVELOPING countries -- Social aspects ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Based on lessons learned from examining the relationship between several international organizations and African higher education, this paper unveils the subtleties and complexities of power dynamics in negotiations, provides illustrative cases to enhance such understanding, discusses the implications of power dynamics in negotiations over higher education policy, and provides a glimpse at the necessary ingredients to build sustainable and healthy international partnerships. Based in a conceptual framework of power dynamics, the paper hinges on international regimes for its theoretical foundation, and on the intersection of conflicting agendas for a transformative higher education in Africa, as advocated by the Association of African Universities (AAU) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), for its historical framework. An understanding of the subtleties and complexities of power dynamics in international negotiations is critical for Africa at this crossroads of her relationship with BRIC countries, particularly amidst the competition between China and other superpowers and their respective organizations over Africa as a market arena. This understanding will also be important for examining newly claimed 'reformed' policies originating from the historically dominant Western countries because (a) the dimensions of this relationship are still being negotiated/established, thus a good time to address power dynamics; (b) Africa is engaged in a quest for development through partnerships; and, (c) African scholars are often confronted with the idea of a higher education system by African design. With a focus on Africa that simultaneously highlights the problem of developing nations more generally, this paper discusses four categories of power - hermeneutical, informational, manipulative, and monetary -- that must be taken seriously into account in international negotiations as they have dire consequences for the developing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. 'Repaying the National Debt to Africa': Trusteeship, Property and Empire.
- Author
-
Bain, William
- Subjects
- *
IMPERIALISM , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERNATIONAL organization , *PROPERTY , *NATION building , *INTERNATIONAL trusteeships - Abstract
This article explores the way in which the idea of trusteeship shaped questions relating to property and possession in nineteenth-century sub-Saharan Africa. Trusteeship is distinctive insofar as it sanctioned European dominion over territories in Africa while preserving an indigenous right in the wealth contained in these territories. The article illuminates the character of this relationship, first, by arguing that a narrative that reduces empire to a story of domination and exploitation ends up obscuring the complex property relations entailed by trusteeship. Second, it describes the introduction of trusteeship into the political, economic and social life of sub-Saharan Africa, focusing mainly on the experience of British colonial administration and the Berlin Conference of 1884-5. Third, it clarifies a relationship of unequal reciprocity that joined European commercial interests with the well-being of the so-called 'native' tribes of Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Case Study: The Impact of the ACU-PAL Scheme for the Provision of Journal Subscriptions to Libraries in Developing Countries.
- Author
-
Ahenkorah-Marfo, Michael and Senyah, Yaw
- Subjects
- *
SERIAL publications , *ACADEMIC libraries , *COLLECTION development in libraries , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *LIBRARIES , *ACCESS to information , *INFORMATION needs , *ECONOMICS ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This study examines the impact of the Association of Commonwealth Universities-Protecting the African Library (ACU-PAL) scheme for the provision of journal subscriptions to libraries of developing economies, using the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology library in Kumasi, Ghana as a case study. The history of the scheme is outlined and subscription outcomes between 2006 and 2009 are critically examined. The mode of selecting and ordering of the journals is also discussed. The scheme has been found to have met the core journal needs of faculty and students to a greater extent, and this success could be enhanced further if the challenges identified are addressed. Recommendations are made to improve on the scheme and advice is provided for non-participating members to take advantage of the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Access to and Dissemination of Health Information in Africa: The Patient and the Public.
- Author
-
Anasi, Stella N. I.
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC health , *AIDS , *CHILD mortality , *DECISION making , *INFORMATION technology , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERNET , *LIFE expectancy , *MALARIA , *MASS media , *MEDICINE information services , *NEWSPAPERS , *NONPROFIT organizations , *PATIENTS , *ELECTRONIC publications , *CONSUMER information services , *ACCESS to information , *INFORMATION needs , *HEALTH literacy , *FAMILY planning - Abstract
African countries are faced with a number of daunting health challenges. These include maternal mortality, child and infant mortality, malaria, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), cholera, and so on. At such a time, Africans need access to health information. Unfortunately, access to and dissemination of health information in Africa is still at its lowest ebb. This article, therefore, examines the benefits of access to health information and the different methods adopted by African countries for the dissemination of health information. The article contends that the synergy between health and information professionals and the adoption of best strategies for the dissemination of health information will help to reduce Africans' disease burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Overlap and interplay between international organisations: theories and approaches.
- Author
-
Brosig, Malte
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL organization , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness - Abstract
This article aims to make a contribution to existing building blocks for a theory on the organisational interplay of international organisations. Thereby, the article first provides for a review of existing approaches on regime interaction which have contributed much to our understanding of organisational interplay by promoting concepts such as overlap and nestedness. Second, the article advances the idea of rational interplay based on resource dependencies. It is argued that interplay presupposes mutual resource dependencies to emerge and that resource exchange is governed by the principle of equitable exchange. Third, the consequences of organisational interplay are examined and an explanation is sought for the tendency of IOs to either develop niche capabilities or imitate other institutions. In this context the importance of institutional variance is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Disconnected Nature: The Scaling Up of African Wildlife Foundation and its Impacts on Biodiversity Conservation and Local Livelihoods.
- Author
-
Sachedina, Hassanali T.
- Subjects
- *
WILDLIFE conservation , *BIODIVERSITY , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations , *NATURE conservation , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *SOCIETIES - Abstract
Much has been written about the resource crisis facing the conservation movement if it is to scale up successfully to face what are perceived as global threats such as biodiversity loss, poverty and climate change. But what happens to conservation organizations when they successfully scale up, and what are the impacts on biodiversity and local people? This paper attempts to chart the successful scaling up of an international conservation NGO, the African Wildlife Foundation, and examines the implications of this on its performance in community-based wildlife conservation in Tanzania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. International Administration Between the Wars: A Reappraisal.
- Author
-
Weisbrode, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
DIPLOMATIC history , *TWENTIETH century , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *BALANCE of power , *COLONIES ,COLONIAL Africa - Abstract
This article traces the chronology of the interwar decline of European influence and power, arguing that its origins outside Europe are to be found as much in the paradoxical status of international administration of colonial and post-colonial areas as in the direct challenges posed to European stability by revisionist states in the early 1930s. It demonstrates that an inherent ambivalence toward the interwar colonial world and its relationship to Europe presaged and conditioned the collapse of Europe's own balance of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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