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Transport energy use contributes to pollution, so it generates negative externalities. This paper analyzes the effect of urbanization on the transport final energy consumption in African countries. To that end, the paper applies the panel threshold regression (PTR) model for a panel of 25 African countries over the period 1992–2017. The findings show that there is a significant positive relationship between total and per capita transport energy consumption and the share of the urban population in the total population. Thus, urbanization fosters transport energy consumption, either per capita energy consumption or total energy consumption. Therefore, the results from this study suggest that African countries should promote sustainable urbanization in terms of transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a significant concern impacting food security, agricultural reform, disease transmission, and disruption to human, plant, and animal ecosystems, along with a host of additional consequences, ultimately affecting the quality of life and the livelihoods of the global population. African-based research aims to better understand the impact of climate change on nature and on different aspects of humanity, as well as improve forecasting for greater economic potential. However, researchers often encounter various challenges and obstacles. Here, we conducted a bibliographic analysis and interpretation of relevant climate change peer-reviewed research articles related to the African continent. From this analysis, challenges associated with climate change modelling in Africa were identified. Primarily, the lack of an extensive observational network and technological limitations hinder modelling efforts. Additionally, an apparent pull of scientists away from African institutions to institutions further afield was observed. Novel solutions to these challenges are proffered. Finally, we highlight how the German Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) Climate Research for Alumni and Postdocs in Africa (climapAfrica) program is contributing towards resolving these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]