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The current study used vertical electrical sounding (VES), borehole (BH) data, Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to identify groundwater potential zones in the coastal area of Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria, for the first time. This research aimed at producing groundwater potential zone map that can divide the study region into separate zones based on their groundwater potential ranking. The deployed method integrated VES procedure utilizing the Schlumberger electrode configuration some core samples for estimation of porosity, Satellite Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), which served as input data for RS and GIS. Thematic maps of lineament density, lithology, land use and land cover, drainage density, and slope were created as GIS layers in a geo-database. Weightages were assigned based on a pair-wise assessment of the components that appear to be essential in retaining, storing, and transporting groundwater. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used in a GIS setting to merge five thematic maps of elements controlling groundwater occurrence and movement using weighted overlay. Results show that aquifers with high thickness and depths are clustering around VES 9, VES 14, and VES 15 that have the highest aquifer thickness in the range of 219–262 m and the highest aquifer depth in the range of 222.09–264.74 m. The highest aquifer resistivity in this area ranges from 2963 to 3683 Ωm. The hydraulic conductivity of the area is highest around the south-eastern part of the study area, with maximum value of 3.43 m/day. The transmissivity increases in the northern part of the study area, while the eastern parts showed the lowest values. The highest aquifer resistivity in this area ranged from 2963 to 3683 Ωm. Inference from analysis indicated that the most important element was soil type (43%), followed by lineament density (33%) and slope (13%). Land use/land cover was discovered as a marginal contributor to groundwater in the research region, accounting for about 4% of the total contributors. The study CR determined to be 0.043884, is much lower than the 0.10 consistency threshold and hence the justification of the results. The result of the overlay of the geophysical survey on the groundwater potential zones obtained from the RS, GIS, and VES techniques done in the first time in the study area has shown seamlessly that the study area has high groundwater prospectivity for subsistent and commercial extractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geoelectrical resistivity technology (GRT) constrained by geological information was used to map the hydrokinetic properties, as well as the protectivity and potentiality of groundwater system in a medium-sized and sort after housing estate in Southern Nigeria. The GRT deployed involved Schlumberger 1-D vertical electrical resistivity sounding (VES) and 2-D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The primary and secondary geoelectric indices were used in tandem with existing geological information to estimate the hydrodynamic parameter maps of the shallowest aquifer unit, maximally exploited in the area for optimal management of the unconfined aquifer system beneath. Total porosity (0.282–0.691), specific yield (0.040–0.107), field capacity/specific retention (0.242–0.623) and storage-dependent drainability efficiency (SDE) (7.6–40.5%) were determined to depict the saturation dynamics in the study area. Results showed that the area has optimal release of pore water when the storage-dependent drainability efficiency is greater than 21%. The ensemble of potential index parameters such as transmissivity (57.4–4339.2 m 2 /day), transverse resistance/aquifer potential scale (453.6–152,756.5 Ω m 2 ), permeability (91.7–7269.7 mD) and hydraulic conductivity (57.4–4339.2 m/day) showed optimal potentiality but poor to moderate protectivity as evidenced by longitudinal conductance index (0.004–0.6218 Siemens). As many individuals have strong affinities to live in this fast, newly developed and competitive housing estate, it is a healthy practice that efficiently managed waste disposal arrangements/measures be put in place in order to ward off the exposure of leachates and other organic/inorganic wastes from permeating/draining into the already naturally vulnerable underlying hydrogeological units, where groundwater extracted for diverse use is stored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]