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The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the chemical composition, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic properties of the essential oils extracted from Rhanterium adpressum Coss. & Dur. (EORA) and Rhanterium suaveolens Desf. (EORS). The main compounds of EORA were myrcene (18.51%), α-pinene (14.36%), sabinene (13.55%), β-pinene (5.67%), and camphene (5.39%). While camphene (25.06%), α-pinene (13.14%), myrcene (9.74%), sabinene (8.27%), D-limonene (7.86%), and β-pinene (7.34%) constituted the major components of EORS. A potent antibacterial activity was also recorded against Escherichia coli with MIC = 5.72 mg/mL for EORA and MIC = 5.96 mg/mL for EORS. Concerning the antifungal effect, a remarkable efficiency was exerted against the two tested Candida albicans strains (MIC < 5.96 mg/mL) for EORS and against Candida albicans 26 (MIC = 5.72 mg/mL) for EORA. Furthermore, a promising antiparasitic ability was observed against Acanthamoeba castellanii (IC50 = 6.42±0.21 μg/mL) for EORS and against Leishmania amazonensis (IC50=9.66±1.46 μg/mL) for EORA. However, low cytotoxicity was recorded against macrophages J774-A1 (LC50 = 67.68±4.02 μg/mL) only for EORS. Based on the present findings, it may be concluded that the two tested EOs possess significant antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities with minimal cytotoxicity, so they can be used as new sources of antimicrobial and antiparasitic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils of Teucrium flavum and Teucrium polium, collected from Babor mountains in Algeria. The essential oils were extracted using the hydrodistillation method and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty-two components were identified in the essential oil of T. flavum representing 91.40% of the total essential oil. Its major components were germacrene D (18.0%) followed by (Z)-γ-bisabolene (10.3%), β-caryophyllene (7.6%), α-pinene (6.7%), β-pinene (6.2%), α-humulene (5.8%) and limonene (5%) with a prevalence of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (59.1%). However, sixty-four components were identified in the essential oil of T. polium (96.80% of total essential oil). Its major components were germacrene D (36.5%), β-pinene (11.8%), epi-α-cadinol (9%) and bicyclogermacrene (7.3%). Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons constituted the most abundant fraction of this essential oil (55.6%). The antioxidant potential was tested using free radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrzyl, and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. Both the essential oils exhibited moderate to low activity. Overall, the essential oil of T. flavum was more effective than that of T. polium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresh cones of Pinus halepensis Mill., collected from Constantine (sample 1) and Jijel provinces (sample 2) in northeastern Algeria, were extracted by conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and by solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME). GC and GC/MS analyses showed that the HD essential oils of the two samples were characterized by the presence of respective higher contents of β-pinene (40.3%, 28.2%,), β-pinene (4.5%, 2.5%), β-myrcene (16.8%, 31.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.2%, 7.0%) than the SFME essential oils in respective percentages of β-pinene (27.4%, 12.1%), β-pinene (2.6%, 1.0%), β-myrcene (16.4%, 14.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (0.6%, 2.2.2). (E)-Caryophyllene (35.5%, 51.2%) and α-humulene (6.4%, 10.7%) were found in higher percentages in SFME than in HD essential oils where they occurred with the respective percentages of 18.1%, 20.1%, and 3.5%, 4.2%. Exclusively, HD and SFME essential oils of sample 1 were characterized by the main presence of limonene (5.3%, 2.6%, respectively). These oils were tested against acetyl- and butyrylcholisterase, a-amylase and urease. HD essential oil exhibited a higher acetylcholinesterase (97.46 ± 2.04%) and butyrylcholinesterase (85.39 ± 4.01%) inhibition than the SFME essential oil (77.24 ± 0.90% and 68.01 ± 5.04%, respectively) at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. Moreover, the inhibition of α-amylase by both HD and SFME essential oils (32.63 ± 2.75 and 33.76 ± 0.34%, respectively) at a concentration of 2000 μg/mL, was nearly close to Acarbose (37.21 ± 3.44%), used as a standard. However, HD and SFME essential oils showed a weak urease inhibition (17.78 ± 1.79 and 45.73 ± 0.04%, respectively), at a concentration of 400 mg/mL, compared to the standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artemisia absinthium L. (A. absinthium L.) is an important perennial shrubby plant widely employed in traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments including gastritis, wound healing, and digestive disorders. In this study we assessed the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a pure essential oil obtained from the aerial part of A. absinthium L., growing wild in Cherchell (Tipaza, Algeria). The essential oil, obtained through hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, underwent gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The essential oil yield was 0.67 ± 0.02% (w/w), comprising 38 identified components, constituting 89.05% of the essential oil. Notable components included trans-thujone (54.7%), chamazulene (10.05%), β-eudesmol (4.7%), cis-thujone (4.2%), terpinen-4-ol (4.2%), and germacrene D (4.1%). Antioxidant activities were assessed via the DPPH٠free radical test (IC50: 489.19 ± 5.28 μg/mL) and the reducing power test (EC0.5: 424.95 ± 1.25 μg/mL). While the essential oil exhibited relatively low antioxidant activity compared to standard antioxidants, it showed significant antioxidant activity in the β-carotene-linoleic acid test (78.38 ± 0.83%). An acute toxicity study using various essential oil doses (10-100 mg/kg) revealed no signs of toxicity or mortality. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities were observed when testing the essential oil on carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice and acetic acid-induced pain in mice, with significant reductions (P < 0.05). In conclusion, A. absinthium L. essential oil possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive properties, suggesting its potential as a natural preservative ingredient in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils (EOs) have been recognized as potential secondary products of aromatic plants that are environmentally friendly while performing a variety of biological properties. In this research, the essential oil of aerial parts Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae), collected in winter and autumn in the south of Algeria was characterized in order to better understand differences in yield, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. Seasonal changes have been recorded in the yield and composition of T. polium L. essential oil with a percentage of 0.20% (v/w) in autumn and a highest yield 0.42% (v/w) in winter. The autumn samples contained β-pinene (23.97%) and γ-muurolene (17.7%) as the major compounds while the winter samples contained mainly camphor (22.09%) and eucalyptol (13.70%). Six different bacteria strains consisting of three Gram positive, three Gram negative bacteria and nine toxigenic fungal strains were used for antimicrobial activity. A concentration of 10 μl/ml (v/v) of both seasons essential oils inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the other bacterial strains, the winter essential oil was more active than the autumn one with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 5 μl/ml and 10 μl/ml respectively. The essential oils from autumn and winter seasons inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 20 μl/ml. These essential oils exhibited fungicidal activity at the minimal fungicidal concentrations of 20 μl/ml for some strains, while the other strains showed no fungicidal effect (>20 μl/ml). Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum were inhibited from a concentration of 10 μl/ml (v/v), whereas A. flavus and Penicillium glabrum were sensitive at a minimal fungicidal concentration of 20 μl/ml. Overall, essential oils obtained in winter show more effective antifungal activity than autumn essential oil against the majority of fungal strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation into the chemical composition of the essential oil of Euphorbia guyoniana Boiss. et Reut., a rare spontaneous species found in the sand dunes of Algeria. The essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry. The physicochemical properties of the oil, including relative density at 20°C, refractive index at 20°C, and optical rotation at 20°C, were determined according to ISO standards. The essential oil is primarily composed of nonterpene hydrocarbons, with significant amounts of apocarotenoids and oxygenated monoterpenes. The major compounds identified include n-pentadecane, n-heptadecane, n-tetradecane, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, (E)-β-damascenone, (E)-β-ionone, and trans-piperitol acetate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) of Origanum floribundum Munby. by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and evaluated its antimicrobial activity. The compositional analysis identified 33 compounds representing 97.26% of the total composition, of which the majority component was carvacrol at 41.092%. The antimicrobial activity evaluated deduced that O. floribundum EO affects all tested strains, of which the most susceptible were Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, with growth inhibition zones of 25.83 mm and 23.25 mm, respectively. A bactericidal effect was recorded on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus at 1.56 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mL EO, respectively, and a fungistatic effect on Candida albicans at 1.56 mg/mL of EO. The intestinal microbiota strains, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LbRE-LSAS, were not affected by O. floribundum EO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is an endemic species to Paraguay famous for its sweetening power and therapeutic potential for various diseases such as diabetes. The present work evaluates the chemical composition and antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and α-glucosidase activities of S. rebaudiana. The essential oil (EO) of dry Stevia leaves was analyzed by GC/MS and detected the presence of 33 components. Caryophyllene oxide (24.28%), spathulenol (12.31%) and nerolidol (11.8%), and manool oxide (7.36%) were identified as the major ones. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by four complementary methods: DPPH (2,2 diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals scavenging, Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and reducing power. The crude methanolic extract and its fractions showed a variable antioxidant activity and strongly correlated with the content of quantified bioactive compounds. The ethyl acetate fraction showed a very high antioxidant activity close to the tested standards, while EO was active only in the CUPRAC assy. The petrol ether and chloroform fractions showed the best butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity with IC50 values: 123.7 ± 1.78 and 170.1 ± 0.78 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, EO and chloroform revealed a moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The in vitro inhibitory effect of the extracts on α-glucosidase indicated that EO effectively inhibited the enzyme with an IC50: 74.9 ± 6.4 µg/mL, better than the standard acarbose. The EO of Stevia has a significant anti-diabetic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential Oils (EOs) from aromatic plants were reported to have an insecticidal activity against several insects and could be an alternative to synthetic insecticides. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of two plants (Schinus molle and Cupressus sempervirens) grown in Algeria and to investigate their insecticidal activity against the sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis, a secondary pest that may alter seriously the proprieties of some food products. EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The analysis determined that the major components of S. molle EO are β-Eudesmol (15.19 %), Elemol (13.97 %), D-Limonene (9.89 %), Spathulenol (9.33 %) and β-Phellandrene (7.72 %) while those of C. sempervirens EO are Cedrol (44.81 %), α-Pinene (15.71 %) and neoiso-Dihydrocarveol acetate (9.7 %). The biological activity of EOs was evaluated by fumigation and repellency at different concentrations and exposure times. Fumigation toxicity bioassays showed maximum efficacy was reached at a concentration of 100 μL/L of air for the two kinds of EOs (90-100 %). Repellency tests revealed that S. molle EO was moderately repellent (55.62 %), while C. sempervirens EO was highly repellent (66.25 %). In fact, the EO of the experimental plants can be incorporated into insecticidal formulations and might be efficient as alternative to synthetic insecticides for O.surinamensis control. However, other tests need to be performed on other life stages of the insect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to valorise a medicinal plant from the Algerian flora. The main aim is to investigate for the first time the influence of some pedo-climatic parameters on the chemical composition diversity of Cinnamomum camphora L.'s essential oil harvested in two different regions, Algeria. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method, physicochemical analysis was conducted on the essential oils in order to determine their physicochemical quality, as well as their composition, was analysed by GC-MS. The powder of the leaves and the rhizospheric soil of the two plants was analysed by infrared spectrometry and by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in order to determine the difference of chemical and mineralogical composition of the powders and the soils from both regions. The GC-MS analysis of the two essentials oils showed a huge difference of their chemical composition and that the essential oil of the plant harvested from Chrea national park (116 compounds are richer than the one harvested in El hamma garden (76 compounds), however, the two essential oils presented some similar chemical compounds mainly: α-Pinene, sabinene, β-Pinene, 1,8- Cineole, camphor, Eugenol and (E)-Nerolidol. The results obtained in this study highlighted the fact that Cinnamomum camphora is a rich source of chemical compounds that can be used in food and pharmaceutical industry however, this chemical diversity is related and influenced by pedoclimatic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chemical control is generally used against aphids. The harmful effects of the chemicals used in the control on the environment and human health have contributed to the development of alternative control methods. The main objective of this study was to determine chemical composition of Mentha longifolia L. essential oil obtained from spontaneous plants in Algeria, investigate repellent and con-tact toxicity effect on Aphis craccivora Koch control, and assess the impacts of essential oil on development, survival and reproduction of A. craccivora. Results: The essential oil showed a concentration dependent significant toxic and repellent effects. The highest effect was recorded for 8 μl/ml concentration of essential oil. The repellent effect and mortality rate in 8 μl/ml concentration were 84.37 and 80.66%, respectively. The values of LC50 and LC90 were 1.848 and 26.782 μl/ml, respectively. The effect of essential oil on immature period, adult longevity, natal period, survival, and fecundity was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings in this study showed that the essential oil of M. longifolia harvested in the Tamanrasset region of Algeria has a toxic effect on A. craccivora, and can have a potential to be used as an insecticide to control A. craccivora. The use of environmentally friendly bioinsecticide will enable effective management of A. craccivora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combinations between antibiotics and other antimicrobial substances such as plant essential oils represent one of the most promising advances against drug-resistant microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of different combinations of two essential oils (EO) with its major components and antibiotics (cephalosporines) against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Candida albicans using the microdilution method. Two plants widely growing in north Algeria, Thymus algeriensis and Salvia officinalis, were investigated. GC/MS was carried out to analyze the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from these plants through the hydrodistillation method. Extraction yields were evaluated at 2.3% for Thymus algeriensis and 3.18% for Salvia officinalis. GC/MS analysis revealed the existence of 29 and 18 essential oil components for Thymus algeriensis and Salvia officinalis, respectively. The major components were thymol (45.067%) and carvacrol (12.24%) for Thymus algeriensis, camphor (18.72%), 1,8-cineol (11.75%) and viridiflorol (10.57%) for Salvia officinalis. Synergistic interaction was observed with cefazoline-Thymus algeriensis essential oil, eucalyptol-Salvia officinalis essential oil and thymol-eucalyptol combinations tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Candida albicans. Additional effect was noted with cefotaxime-alpha pinene and Thymus algeriensis essential oil-eucalyptol combinations tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. However, no significant action was observed among the following combinations: cefotaxime-thymol, eucalyptol-alpha pinene, and thymol-Thymus algeriensis essential oil tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Candida albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Algeria, many plant resources, including ginger (Zingiber officinale), are experiencing a revival of interest in the dietary habits of local populations who associate them with their ancestral culinary and curative traditions. The aim of this study was to extract and characterize some physicochemical parameters of the essential oils (EO) of the fresh and dry ginger rhizomes and to evaluate, in-vitro, their antioxidant activity by scavenging the free radical DPPH. The extraction of the EO was realized by the hydrodistillation method. Steam distillation of the EO from the fresh and dry ginger samples provided yields of 0.42±0.017 and 1.55±0.034 %, respectively. The evaluation of their physicochemical characteristics, in the same order, according to AFNOR standards made it possible to find the following results: refractive index: 1.4707±0,001 and 1.4853±0.0011; density 0.8748±0.0005 and 0.8837±0.0005; acid number: 1.4707±0.0086 and 1.4853±0.017mg KOH / g; ester index: 15,732±0.24 and 18,36±0,41 mg KOH / g. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical scavenging method shows that the fresh rhizomes of Zingiber officinale EOs displayed significantly (p<0,01) higher activity than the dried ones. Nevertheless, both Ginger forms EOs had lower activity than vitamin E (p<0,001) which remains the best with EC50 =309,5, namely (EO of fresh ginger, EC50 = 723 μg / ml; EO of dry ginger, IC50 = 774 μg / ml), all the statistical results of the parameters studied showed significant differences between the two types of ginger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cymbopogon schoenanthus is a natural plant that often grows in tropical regions such as North and West Africa. In order to valorize this aromatic plant from southern Algeria, we were interested in the chemical characterization of its essential oil by GC(Ir), GC-MS, and 13C NMR, and in the determination of the antifungal activity of its essential oil against toxinogenic strains isolated from spices sold in bulk. The detailed chemical analysis of all the parts of the plant collected from the station of El aguid of Bechar allowed to identify 48 components The composition was dominated by various alkohols bearing thep-menthane skeleton : cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (22.3%), trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (10.2%), cis-piperitol (10.1%) and trans-piperitol (5.3%). Monoterpenes hydrocarbons were representedby δ-2-carene (16.0%) and limonene (4.7%).β-elemol (4.8%) was the main oxygenated sesquiterpene followed by juniper camphor(2.6%), β-eudesmol (1.9%), selina-6-en-4α-ol(1.9%), intermedeol (1.4%) and α-eudesmol(1.3%). However in the second part of our study the essential oil of C. schoenanthus showed good activity towards Aspergillus fumigatus and AspergIllus flavus with inhibition zone diameters of 29.5mm and 23mm while the activity was lower towards Penicillium sp with a diameter of 11mm. The result of activity towards the toxic strain Penicillium sp has never been reported in the literature. On the other hand, the chemical characterization of the essential oil of the plant is the first one made on the station of el aguid of Bechar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Salvia aegyptiaca L. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in pre-Saharan region of Algeria, was analysed by GC-MS. Forty-one compounds were detected, representing 87.9% of the whole oil. The essential oil of S. aegyptiaca is characterized by the predominance of monoterpene derivatives (70.6%). The major constituents were tricyclene (22.9%), followed by limonene (17.5%), β-pinene (7.4%), caryophyllene oxide (3.2%) and β-caryophyllene (3.1%). Tricyclene, the main component in our analysis is generally absent in the volatile oils from other Salvia species, therefore, the Algerian accession of S. aegyptiaca may be categorized as a new chemo-type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of a dairy product (yogurt) supplemented with Thymus willdenowii (synonym: Thymus hirtus) essential oil. The evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the oil against food spoilage bacteria and lactic acid strains was also assessed. The chemical composition of the oil was obtained by GC/MS. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity of a fortified yogurt with this oil was assessed by Oxygen radical absorbance capacity test (ORAC). The main component of the oil was Linalool (89.55%). DPPH, and Ferric reducing power revealed a weak antioxidant activity (IC50 > 1600 µg/mL, > 800 µg/mL respectively) while a moderate activity was obtained with ABTS and CUPRAC tests (38.06 ± 0.30, 56.15 ± 1.07 µg/mL respectively). A high concentration of the oil is needed to delay the inhibition of the β-carotene (> 800 µg/mL). Thus, a strong antibacterial activity was observed against the pathogenic strains with the high inhibition diameter for B.cereus ATCC10876 (31.75 ± 1.50 mm) while a weak effect was observed against lactic acid bacteria. A significant decrease in the antioxidant potential of non-supplemented yogurt was observed from day 1 to 21 while there was no significant difference in ORAC of supplemented yogurt with the oil. The maximum of total phenolic content was observed in day 21 of cold storage (252.92 ± 3.01 µg GAE/mL of yogurt). The essential oil studied could be an effective natural additive to yogurt avoiding the use of synthetic preservatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work deals with the biological activity of the essential oils of an Algerian plant (Cotula cinerea) which belongs to the Asteraceae family. The study was carried out in the south-west of Algeria. We chose essential oils which are natural substances thanks to their numerous anti-infectious, antioxidant and antibacterial properties, etc. The objective of this work is to study the acute toxicity as well as the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of the essential oils of both organs (leaves and flowers) of Cotula cinerea. As methodological approaches, we used the hydrodistillation technique to obtain the essential oils from leaves and flowers. Thus, the acute toxicity was determined by Lorke's method and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring the plantar oedema of mice induced by carrageenan. The results show that the essential oil extracts of the leaves and flowers are low toxic substances with LD50s of 1131.37 mg/kg and 1264.91 mg/kg respectively. They also show a considerable anti- inflammatory effect at doses not exceeding 300 mg/kg with maximum percentages of 86.16% for leaves and 80.87% for flowers. These results show the efficacy of the essential oils of this plant and their therapeutic richness which can be used in traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory treatment. This study has provided additional knowledge on the biological activity of Cotula cinerea essential oils and has opened perspectives for the research of the active principles contained in this species as well as the application of biotechnology to know the molecular mechanism and valorise this natural wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyse the essential oil of Lavandula dentata from Algeria and to test the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of this plant. The essential oil (EO) (57 constituents) included mainly α-pinene, β-pinene, nopinone, linalool, cryptone, and limonene. The plant polyphenolic contents and the antioxidant activity were determined. The antimicrobial effect of the EO and the methanolic extract (ME) was assessed against referenced and clinical bacterial strains, and also foodborne fungal isolates. The EO minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values varied from 0.25 to 4 mg/mL and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were less than 8 mg/mL except for S. aureus , clinical Klebsiella, S. epidermidis , and B. subtilis . The mould strains were significantly inhibited by the EO (87.50% to 88.33%). The MIC values were 3.60-15.62 mg/mL and 0.5-4 mg/mL for ME and EO, respectively. The minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values ranged from 31 to 125 mg/mL and from 2 to 8 mg/mL for ME and EO, respectively.

Infectious diseases, including vector-borne and antibiotic-resistant infections, present significant global health challenges, necessitating the exploration of natural alternatives for disease control. In this study, we investigated the essential oil (EO) profile as well as larvicidal and antibacterial properties of two wild Apiaceae species used in Algeria: Daucus carota L. (DCEO) and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (FVEO). EO was extracted from the aerial parts by steam distillation and analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Major constituents identified in DCEO were geranyl acetate (50.07%) and elemicin (10.77%), while FVEO contained estragole (24.93%), fenchone (20.20%), and α-phellandrene (17.96%). Both EOs were highly effective towards Culex pipiens larvae, with low LC 50 values of 30.6 ± 1.06 ppm for DCEO and 34.7 ± 1.06 ppm for FVEO, indicating their potential as bioinsecticides due to their bioactivity and bioavailability. Additionally, the two Eos demonstrated moderate antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC 43300, respectively, with DCEO showing MIC values of 10 and 20 mg/mL, respectively, and FVEO exhibiting MIC values > 20 mg/mL. However, both EOs showed limited effectiveness against gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603. These results highlight the potential applications of DCEO and FVEO as natural bioinsecticides and antibacterial agents, offering promising avenues for further research and development in pest control and food preservation.

In this work, in order to explore a new Algerian medicinal plant used in traditional medicine, the essential oil of the leaves of Cachrys sicula L. (Apiaceae) collected from Algeria, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC/MS. Thirty-two compounds were identified accounting for 98.6% of the total oil, which is characterized by a high content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (74.8%). The main constituents of the essential oil were β-pinene (17.9%), sabinene (17.8%), myrcene (12%), and α-pinene (11.4%). In vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil was assayed by three methods, namely ABTS•+, metal chelating, and DPPH• assays. The antioxidant activity of the oil was higher in the ABTS•+ method. Anticholinesterase activity was screened by the Ellman method against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) which are the chief enzymes of Alzheimer's disease. The results showed mild acetylcholinesterase and good butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the essential oil of leaves Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and their potential insecticidal against the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Thephritidae) was investigated. The essential oil yield was 0.36 ± 0.03% (w/w). A total of 41 compounds (99.99%) were identified. (-)-spathulenol (32.66%), o-cymene (28.30%) and (+-)-cryptone (12.13%) were major constituents. The toxic impact of essential oil of E. globulus was assessed against B. oleae adults through two toxicity tests (contact and fumigation). B. oleae was more susceptible to E. globulus and adult mortality increased according to concentration and exposure time. In the contact toxicity, the lethal concentration LC50 values were 0.24 µL/cm2 and 0.15 µL/cm2 in 24 h and 48 h, respectively and LC90 values of 0.64 µl/cm2 and 0.33 µL/cm2 were obtained in 24 h and 48 h, respectively. In fumigation assay on olive fruit fly adults, LC50 values were 14.05 μL/L air and 5.71 μL/L air at 24 h and 48 h, respectively and LC90 values of 51.53 μL/L air and 21.64 μL/L air at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The findings of current study show that use of essential oil of leaves of E. globulus against B. oleae is considered as an eco-friendly alternative natural insecticide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anethum graveolens commonly known as dill plant is a very important shrub which is widely acknowledged in traditional and modern medicine for its capacity to treat colic pain and flatulence. The purpose of this work is the study of the chemical composition and the evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of A. graveolens essential oil. The samples were collected from the chellal region in Algeria and submitted to hydrodistillation. The essential oil extracted was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested by the disc diffusion method; seven bacteria and four phytopathogenic fungi were used. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity was carried out by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging method. The results of the GC and GC/MS analysis allowed the identification of 22 components with carvone(34.33%), α-phellendrene (22.03%), dill ether (18.84%), limonene (6.93%) and dill apiol (5.01%) as major components. The results of the disc difusion method show that Anethum graveolens essential oil exhibits strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and moderate antifungal activity against Fusarium graminum and Alternaria alternata. The pure essential oil showed a moderate antioxidant activity with inhibition percentages of 49.93 ± 4.58%. This study highlights the importance of chemical constituents of A. graveolens essential oil which possesses important pharmacological effects on different pathogenic strains and could be used as substitute for synthetic antimicrobial drugs in pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GC–MS analysis of rosemary and wormwood essential oils exhibited their abundance in oxygenated monoterpenes. • Rosmarinus officinalis L. oil was rich in eucalyptol as the main constituent, followed by camphor. • Artemisia herba alba Asso. oil was characterized by the high amount of β-copaene, limonene, eucalyptol and camphor. • Rosemary oil was efficient for antioxidant abilities and anticholinesterase inhibitory. • Wormwood oil exhibited remarkable antidiabetic activity. • Molecular modeling indicated the interaction of chemical constituents with studied enzymes. In the current study, the chemical composition, antioxidant, α-glucosidase, α-amylase and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of wormwood and rosemary essential oils were investigated. In order to explain the interaction of chemical constituents with the enzymes, molecular docking tools were used. GC/MS analyses revealed that the main compounds of rosemary oil were eucalyptol (37.97%), followed by camphor (11.84%). Whereas β-copaene (16.22%), limonene (14.56%), eucalyptol (14.49%) and camphor (13.74%) represent the main compounds of wormwood oil. Moreover, antioxidant abilities assessed by DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching inhibitory and ion chelating test showed that rosemary oil was more efficient than wormwood. Furthermore, rosemary oil exhibited even better results against cholinesterase inhibitory. However, wormwood oil was more effective for antidiabetic inhibitory enzymes. The theoretical verification by molecular modeling revealed that linalool, terpinen-4-ol, eugenol methyl ether and τ-cadinol have the best binding affinity with studied enzymes. In conclusion, docking verification has shown a good affinity of some chemical compounds from rosemary more than wormwood with studied enzymes explaining the assessed biological activities. Rosemary and wormwood exhibited interesting biological activities that explain the traditional uses of these plants that could be further explored for food and pharmaceutical industries. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of Saccocalyx satureioïdes belonging to the Lamiaceae family and collected from two regions of Algeria, namely: Djelfa and M'sila, allowed to characterize the different families of chemical compounds contained in its aerial part, The analysis of Saccocalyx saiureioïdes essential oils of the two regions by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), allowed to identify the following major constituents (borneol 13. 24%, a-Terpineol 27.42% and thymol 34.87%) for the Zaafrane site and (borneol 11.9%, a-Terpineol 14.9% and thymol 41.09%) for the Ain chouhada site, in Saccocalyx satureioides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to study for the first time the chemical composition of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Algerian region of Kabylia (Kalaa n'Ath Abas) and to evaluate its antifungal activity. The originality of this work consists in the development of a new nanosystem based on natural excipients (β-cyclodextrin, xanthan gum and arginine) to increase its antifungal activity. The yield of Salvia officinalis essential oil was 2.07%, it is mainly composed of α-Thujone (23.21%), 1,8-Cineole (14.17%) and Camphor (11.02%). Nanoemulsion based on β-cyxlodextrins has an average diameter of 219.1±5.2 nm, a zeta potential of 36.2±4.8 mV and a viscosity of 0.87±0.03 Pa.s. This essential oil showed a good antifungal activity against all tested strains (Candida albicans, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton equinum). Moreover, a significant increase of this activity was noted after essential oil nano-emulsification. The easy penetration of nanodroplets composing the prepared system through fungal cell wall and their high solubility in fungal cell cytoplasm permit to increase antifungal activity of studied essential oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study represents the first investigation of the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Ononis aurasiaca Förther & Podlech, a plant species endemic to the Aures Mountains of Algeria. The essential oil of the plant aerial parts was analysed using GC-MS. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using three methods. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The major constituents were dodecanal, hexahydrofarnesylacetone, 2-tridecanone, phytol, 1-heneicosene, and n -heneicosane. The oil displayed significant activity in the β-carotene bleaching assay, moderate scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and a low ability to reduce iron ions. Antibacterial tests conducted on four strains revealed effectiveness primarily against Gram-positive strains, specifically Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and ATCC 43300, while showing limited impact on Gram-negative strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Antifungal activity tests involving two moulds revealed a stronger inhibition against Scedosporium apiospermum compared to Aspergillus niger.

Inflammation is an important component of the immune response to pathogens and damaged cells. This study aims to assess and compare of anti-inflammatory activities in-vitro and in-silico of essential oils from galls formed on leaves of Pistacia atlantica Desf from two regions in Algeria (four samples from Ain-oussera and four samples from Laghouat). The anti-inflammatory activity was achieved by Nitric oxide inhibitory activity and viability of LPS‑activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and inhibition activity of 15-Lipoxygenase (LOX), quercetin was used as a positive control. The essential oils from leave gall of Pistacia atlantica species is able to inhibited 15-LOX enzyme with IC 50 0.004mg/mL and also inhibited the production of NO produced by macrophages (99.17%) without significant cytotoxic effect (78% cell viability). The molecular docking study confirm the inhibitory effect of the major compounds of the studied essential oil, even ADMET analysis indicate that the major compounds are not toxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial and anti-Varroa destructor L. activity of the essential oil (EO) of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae) was evaluated in this study. Antimicrobial activity concerned 9 bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli ATCC 25911, Staphylococcus aureus 29213 ATCC, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter sakazakii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter sp.), a fungal strain (Penicillium sp.) and a yeast species (Candida albicans). The extraction of the EO was carried out by the method of hydrodistillation. Results showed that EO has no toxicity on bees Apis mellifera. EO demonstrated effective and stable anti-V. destructor activity, indicating the absence of possible resistance, in contrast to what was observed for Amitraz. The inhibitory activity of EO revealed an inhibition zone of diameter varying between 20 mm and 42 mm for bacteria. However, no inhibition zones were observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC. The inhibitory activity of EO on Penicillium sp and Candida albicans revealed an inhibition zone of 39 mm in diameter. This study shows that the EO of cloves constitutes a simple and natural treatment, without inconveniences, with a high activity antimicrobial and anti-Varroa destructor which merits it to be proposed as a means to fight against varroosis and the tested pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work was to study the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil and carlina oxide isolated to Carlina hispanica roots. The in vitro combinatory effect of carlina oxide with BHT, EDTA and diclofenac to reduce their minimum effective dose and minimize their side effects was also tested. The essential oil obtained from the roots has been studied using GC and GC/MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed using radical scavenging activity (DPPH), the β-carotene bleaching test using the BHT as a positive control, and the ferrous Iron chelating using EDTA as a positive control. The activity of anti-inflammatory was assessed by the protein denaturation method using the diclofenac as a positive control. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against six microbial strains using the Disc Diffusion Assay and the microplate method to determine the MIC. The essential oil of C. hispanica was represented mainly by an acetylenic compound carlina oxide (81.1 %) which was isolated and identified by spectroscopic 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR methods. The results of the biological activities showed that both essential oil and carlina oxide had an interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory power. Likewise, the combinations of positive controls with carlina oxide showed better activities with a substantial reduction in inhibitory concentrations and dose of the antioxidants and anti-inflammatories synthetics. Further studies are needed to provide these positive control combinations with carlina oxide in the pharmaceutical industry. Keyworlds: Carlina hispanica, essential oil, carlina oxide, biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to test under in vivo condition the effect of Origanum vulgare essential oil (OEO) on the bacteriological quality of raw milk from cows affected by subclinical mastitis. The tested oil extracted from Algerian endemic oregano collected in Setif province (eastern Algeria) was characterised as carvacrol-chemotype using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vitro inhibitory effect of diluted OEO was tested on control reference strains. Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 700699 methicillin-resistant seemed more susceptible to OEO than ATCC 25923 methicillin-susceptible. The in vivo trial was conducted on lactating and non-pregnant cows selected according to their California mastitis test scores. The microbiological analysis was applied for 100 units of raw milk samples collected before and three days after the twice a day topical application of OEO diluted with vegetable oil (5%). Results showed the only presence of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TMAB) and coagulase- positive staphylococci (CPS) in all samples with values close to the critical limit. After treatment, a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the mean count of TMAB and a non-significant decrease in the number of CPS (P > 0.05) were noted. Results indicate that aromatherapy is a promising approach for improving udder health and raw milk microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants of the Daucus genus (Apiaceae) are used worldwide as traditional medicines or culinary ingredients. In this work, in order to explore a new chemotype, the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Daucus reboudii Coss., collected from the National Park of Gouraya (Bejaïa, Algeria), was analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty-eight compounds were identified, accounting for 96.6% of the total oil. (E)-anethol was the main constituent (59.4%), followed by estragol (21.2%) and dodecanal (4.4%). (E)-anethol is an uncommon constituent of Daucus genus, hence it could be considered as a marker that contributes to differentiating D. reboudii from other species. Metal chelating, ABTS•+ and DPPH• assays were performed to determine the antioxidant activity. The highest activity was revealed by the DPPH• method, where D. reboudii essential oil showed a significantly higher activity compared to the reference standard BHT at doses of 50 and 100 µg/mL. Results suggest that the essential oil from D. reboudii could have a potential use in the food industry as food preservative. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to assess its applicability, and to elucidate also the composition of non-volatile compounds of this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to study and analyze the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effect of the essential oil of Echium humile. The essential oil of the fresh aerial parts is obtained by hydrodistillation where 37 compounds are identified by GC-MS analysis. The major constituents are bicycloelemene (15.9%), pentacosane (8.4%), p-cymen-8-ol (5.8%), ß-phellandrene(4.9%), trans-thujone (4.1%). The minor constituent is camphene hydrate (0.5%). The antiinflammatory effect of the essential oil at the doses of 150 and 200 mg/kg compared with the control and the reference drug (Diclofenac) on local inflammation by formalin-induced mouse paw edema revealed considerable antiinflammatory properties of this oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To elaborate a strategy of integrated aphids management associated with cereals in Algeria, the insecticidal activity of the essential oil of Mentha rotundifolia against two aphids, namely Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Analysis of the essential oil of M. rotundifolia by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry method (GC-MS) has identified 14 compounds. The minimum concentration to obtain 100% mortality was evaluated at 0.5 mL/L after 3 hours of exposure with R. padi and at 1 mL/L after 24 h of exposure with S. avenae. Probit analysis and LC50 at four different exposure times resulted a LC50 of 0.16 mL/L with R. padi and 0.20 mL/L with S. avenae, both obtained 24 hours after treatment. These results, found with two species of aphids, are a hypothesis that requires further studies on other species to prove that the effect of the essential oil is broad-spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil in the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus from the Saïda region, southwest Algeria, as this has not been investigated to date. We investigated the essential oil composition through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The extraction of essential oil by hydrodistillation provided a yield of 2.64 %. A total of 75 compounds were identified, among which the dominant constituents were p-cymene (20.24 %), spathulenol (14.10 %) and eucalyptol (11.30 %). Other notable compounds identified in the extracted essential oil were phellandrene, cryptone, β-thujene, cuminal, elixene and phellandral (2.54 % - 5.10 %). This is the first time that p-cymene has been reported as a major constituent of Algerian E. globulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this work are to investigate the chemical composition, the antibacterial activity of the essential oil and the chromosome numbers of two populations of Hertia cheirifolia. The samples were collected in the flowering stage, in eastern Algeria locality. The aerial parts of H. cheirifolia were submitted to a hydro-distillation. GC and GC / MS analysed the chemical compositions of the obtained essential oils. The antibacterial activity of essential oils was evaluated using the disks diffusion method against ten bacterial strains. For karyotypic analysis, the squashing method is used. Fifty-eight compounds representing 98.93% of the total oil were identified in H. cheirifolia. The chemical composition is dominated by the presence of major products, α-pinene (48.49 - 53.85%) and Germacrene-D (2.64 - 12.66%). Two distinct chemical breeds were identified, the α-pinene-spathulenol of Batna population, and the α-pinene-germacrene-D of Setif population. The essential oil of H. cheirifolia has a moderate activity against bacteria tested. In contrast, the strains E. coli ATCC 25922, P. syringae ATCC 53543 and E. fecalis ATCC 49452 are resistant to H. cheirifolia essential oils. The observations of root cells meristematic at metaphase of H. cheirifolia gave a diploid chromosome number 2n = 2x = 20, with a basic chromosome number (x= 10). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil was obtained by separate hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Carduncellus pinnatus (Desf.) DC. (Asteraceae) and was analyzed by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hundred and four compounds were detected, accounting for 95.29 % of the total oil, which is characterized by a high content of non-terpene derivatives (33.39%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (32.03%). The main constituents of the essential oil from the aerial parts were caryophyllene oxide (23.12%), (E)-2-hexenal (8.35%), (E)-β-ionone (6.01%), (E)-geranylacetone (2.96%), and nonanal (2.65%). Additionally, β-Carotene-linoleic acid test system, DPPH free radical scavenging assay and ABTS cation radical scavenging assay were tested for the study of antioxidant activity of plant methanol extract and essential oil. The MeOH extract of aerial parts exhibited a strong antioxidant activity evidenced by the ABTS cation radical scavenging assay, with IC50 values of 44.509 ± 1.149 µg/ml. In the DPPH test the IC50 values were 61.147 ± 0.924µg/ml, while in β-carotene-linoleic acid test system, the IC50 values were 153.744 ± 3.39µg/ml. Essential oil extract of aerial parts showed 81.80 ℅ inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase at 200 µg/mL. The highest antibacterial activity was evidenced for the aerial parts MeOH extracts, with inhibition zone medium diameters of 18.66±1.00 mm against Escherichiacoli ATCC25922 at 16 mg/ml and of and 18.00±1.15mm against Micrococcus luteus ATCC533 at 16 mg/ml. This is the first report about the potential for food and pharmaceutical industry due to the composition and the biological activities of Carduncellus pinnatus essential oils growing in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was inspired by the growing international interest in the study of natural products of plant origin with bioactive properties that can replace synthetic chemical pesticides in the control of pathogens. The aim of this study was to explore the in vitro activity of Lanvandula dentata L. essential oil (EO) on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), a dangerous fungal plant pathogen, causal agent of tomato crown and root rot. Initially, we proceeded to identify the forma specialis of two strains of F. oxyporum by PCR based on the differences in the genes responsible for the synthesis of endo-polygalacturonases (pg1) and exo-polygalacturonases (pgx4) and then tested the activity of the EO on these strains by the direct contact method at different concentrations. The results showed that increasing the concentration of EO had a significant inhibitory effect, with a minimum inhibition rate of 49.3±2.2% and 21.8±4.2 for the strains IB19501 and IB19502 respectively at the 0.25 μL/mL concentration and reaching 100±0.0 at the 1 μL/mL concentration for both strains. The data of this study reveal an important antifungal activity of the EO of L. dentata, these effects further validate the interest of our study and the traditional use of this plant, while indicating the possibilities of its potential use as a natural alternative to pesticides for the control of pathogenic fungi and thus preserve human health and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils, nowadays, are of increasing interest to chemists and biologists due to their use in the treatment of certain infectious diseases. In our study, we evaluated the level and antibacterial activity of the essential seeds oil from Algerian Fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.), in order to estimate their industrial valuation. This species, from the Fabaceae family, is widespread in Algeria and is used by local people for its medicinal and condiment properties. To conduct this study, the cross sections were carried out at seed level. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistilation and refractive index was also measured. The antibacterial activity was carried out by the diffusion method and the MICs were determined. The anatomical study showed a structure similar to that of the majority of leguminous seeds. The yield of essential oil was 4.2%. The results also revealed that the Gram positive and Gram negative strains of bacteria had different responses to essential oil. The latter inhibited the growth of Staphylococus aureus (Gram positive, ATCC 43300) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative, ATCC 25922) with inhibition zone diameter 12 mm and 11 mm, respectively. The MICs were 56.25 mg/mL and 225 mg/mL, respectively (significant antibacterial activity). We concluded that fenugreek essential oil from seeds could be an important source of antibacterial agents used in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, two techniques Hydrodistillation (HD) and Microwave-accelerated distillation (MAD), was used to extract essential oils (EOs), from the peels of citrus fruits Washington Navel (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) collected from Tipaza province, north Algeria during April 2018. The extraction yield and time of EOs were (0.28% and 180 min) using HD extraction and (0.27% versus 30 min) using MAD extraction. After using gas chromatography analyses (GC-FID) and (GC-MS), 21 aromatic compounds obtained and identified for both extraction approaches. On the other hand, and in order to better comprehension the extraction phenomena, two models of extraction processes were applied, the first one considers the existence of a single site with a constant speed ruled by the equation of the quasi-stationary state, whereas, the second assumes that there are two distinct sites. The first is part of the fraction easily accessible with a very high desorption rate k1 (fast fraction), the second contains the fraction that is difficult to extract, with a low desorption speed k2 (slow fraction). The results showed that, the application of the two sites model can describe accurately the used extraction methods in this study. The data from HD extraction modeling indicate that this method extraction is fast fraction (f equal 0.79), then MAD method (f equal 0.40). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil obtained by microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) and hydrodistillation (HD) techniques from the peel of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi. L) from Algeria was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography ⁄ mass spectrometry (GC⁄ MS). Twenty-one constituents were identified in essential oils obtained by HD and twentyeight constituents in essential oils by MAHD, representing respectively 99.11% and 99.74% of the total oil. The main constituents were limonene (85.54%-87.51%) for MAHD and HD, β-myrcene (2.99%-3.24%), nootkatone (1.78%-1.80%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The results showed interested inhibition growth against the tested bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginos, and Staphylococcus aureus)and the yeast (Candida albicans),with an inhibition zone ranging from 4 to 20 mm.Both essentials oils showed no effect against Aspergilusniger, Verticillium sp and Thielaviopsis sp. The insecticidal activity was investigated against adults ceratitis capitata. Both essential oils showed a toxic effect against this insect (LD50:9.12μl EO/ml of acetone; LD90: 13.18 μl EO/ml of acetone). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosmarinus tournefortii is an aromatic evergreen shrub endemic to North Africa, including Algeria. Reports on phytochemicals of this species and related biological activities remain scarce. The essential oils (EOs) and ethanol extracts (EEs) of five populations collected in Algeria are investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties through different multivariate statistical methods. EOs analysis by GC and GC-MS showed that the main constituents (α-pinene, camphor, camphene and limonene) were almost comparable. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the ferric reducing power and the inhibition of free radicals DPPH● and ABTS●+. The free radical scavenging effectiveness of EEs was about 2 times higher than the standard antioxidant (BHT). EOs exhibited weaker antioxidant activity insofar they failed to scavenge 50% radicals. The antimicrobial activity evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations towards fifteen multi-drug resistant microorganisms showed that EEs were the most active. The Gram-positive bacteria were the most susceptible. Both EEs and EOs exhibited antifungal and anti-yeast activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to study for the first time the chemical composition of essential oil and hydrosol extract of Cynoglossum cheirifolium and their antioxidant and antifungal activities. Seventeen components were identified in essential oil, representing 90.6% of the total composition. (E)-phytol (25.1%), dodecanal (10.2%) and hexadecanoic acid (8.5%) were found as the major components. The hydrosol extract was characterized by a high content by 2-pentyl-furan (46.3%) and carvone (23.5%). Hydrosol extract exhibited a very interesting antioxidant profile through DPPH free radical scavenging with IC50 of 18.2 μL/mL almost equal of positive control BHT. The results of antifungal activity revealed that hydrosol extract was more active than the essential oil against Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata with inhibition percentages exceeding 89%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Biological activities of essential oil from Thymus capitatus were tested. • Thymol, carvacol and γ-terpinene are the major components identified by GC-MS method. • Antioxidant activity of essential oil was evaluated by three methods; DPPH, FRAP and TAC. • Thymus capitatus essential oil exhibited a high antifungal activity. The present study aims to investigating, the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Thymus capitatus harvested in west, Algeria. It seeks the other objective to the determination of antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of oil in order to find new metabolite products, which are characterized by a biological activity. The investigations and research was carried out on the essential oil (EO) extracted from the dried leaves of Thymus Capitatus Lamiaceae that was harvested in the region of Tiart (West of Algeria). GC–MS analysis of EO is identified 22 components while thymol, carvacrol and γ-terpinene are the major components. The antioxidant activity of EO was evaluated by three methods: the DPPH test (2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrirylhydrazil), the FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) and TAC (Total Antioxidant Capacity) test and compared with ascorbic acid, BHA (Butylated hydroxy anisole) and commercial thymol as standards. The results indicated that Thymus Capitatus oil showed higher antioxidant power in comparison with the standards with values of (0.61, 2.13 and 0.78) μg/mL for the DPPH, FRAP and TAC tests respectively. Also, the antibacterial activity of the oil was tested using the agar disc diffusion method, by determining the inhibition zone and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In this case, the results have shown a potential of the antibacterial activity than commercial antibiotics (Chloramphenicol, Cefoxitin, Gentamycin) against the tested strains, with MIC values of (29.44, 14.72, 14.72 and 7.36 μg/mL) for Staphylococcus aureus, S. typhi, E. coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae strains respectively. Furthermore, the antifungal study on the fungi of Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria infectoria, Aspergillus Ochraceus, Trichophyton Sp reported significant results. The effectiveness of the oil showed that the essential oil has a fungicidal effect against the strains Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria infectoria and a fungistatic effect against strains Aspergillus ochraceus and Trichophyton rubrum. The research outcomes clearly demonstrate that the essential oils of thymus capitatus can present an interesting alternative naturel which can be useful for food preservation and pharmaceutical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation of the propolis of Grarem located in Mila region (East of Algeria) have been studied by GC/MS. Seventy eight compounds were identified representing 93.52 % of the essential oils. The main constituents were: p-Mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol (23.69 %), α-Pinene (9.50 %), Bornyl acetate (9.13 %), β-Pinene (4.02 %) and Spathulenol (3.47 %). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of propolis methanolic extract were evaluated according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure, and a colorimetric method. The total phenolic amount was 279.72 ± 2.07 μg GAE/mg E, whereas the flavonoids were 60.43 ± 0.65 μg QE/mg E. The antioxidant activity of propolis essential oil and methanolic extract were determined using ABTS radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. Anticholinesterase activity was screened against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) which are the chief enzymes of Alzheimer's disease. Both of EO and MeOH extract had capability to inhibit BChE more than AChE enzyme, whereas propolis methanolic extract exhibited highest inhibitory activity (IC50 value: 20.30 ± 0.52 μg/mL) against BChE, even higher than galantamine (IC50 value: 34.75 ± 1.99 μg/mL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genera Cistus present groups of about twenty species of shrubs belonging to the Cistaceae family are very common throughout the Mediterranean region. Cistus salviifolius, known as Melliya is a species of this genus that occurs in the forest region of Mount Ouarsenis (northwest Algeria), exactly in Thniet El Had National Park in the Wilaya of Tissemsilt. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial effects of C. salviifolius and its chemical composition in addition the effect of shade drying time on essential oil yield in order to optimize this parameter which is most often not controlled for producers. The optimal yield recorded is about 0.07± 0.02%. Its characterization by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry shows a dominance of hydrocarbon compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is established using 6 strains of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The antibiotic susceptibility test is performed using the gilioseenvironment diffusion method, a bacterial suspension is prepared and subsequently well homogenized. Opacity must be adjusted to 0.5 McF (McFarland), from a young exponential culture (18 to 24 hours). The antimicrobial activity of C. salviifolius EO was tested against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. In fact, a strong inhibitory and bactericidal effect has been demonstrated against all Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria tested. It appears from this study that the EO of C. salviifolius has a very high antimicrobial activity, it shows a wide spectrum covering Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Taking into account the results of this study, new antibacterial agents could be developed and the use of C.salviifolius should be encouraged in the pharmaceutical and perfumery industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative study between the chemical composition of the essential oils of Asteriscus maritimus and Asteriscus spinosus from Western Algeria have been investigated. Chemical variability of the essential oils of both species was reported for the first time using gas chromatography/retention indices (GC/RI) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 86 compounds were identified in A. maritimus collective essential oil and 76 compounds in A. spinosus collective essential oil. Intra-species variations of the chemical compositions of essential oil from eighteen Algerian samples of various locations of both species were also investigated using statistical analysis. A. maritimus essential oils were characterized by T-cadinol (34.2–16.1%), p-cymene (30–15.1%), α-pinene (13.9–2.8%), bornyl acetate (8.7–5.3%) and Z-phytol (7.8–2.4%), as the major compounds. The main compounds of A. spinosus were α-cadinol (19.8–7.3%), β-pinene (17.6–12.9%), hexadecanoic acid (13.4–4.1%), T-cadinol (10.3–3.5%) and δ-cadinene (8.2–3.9%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils (EOs) and hydrosol extract from plants always show a wide range of interesting biological activities. The present study was performed to assess for the first time, the chemical composition and some bioactivities of EO and hydrosol extract from Daphne gnidium L. growing in Algeria. The chemical characterization of EO and hydrosol extract was carried out by GC/FID and GC/MS analysis. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging and by FRAP tests. Also, antimicrobial screening of these extracts were performed using the agar disc diffusion test. Ninety-nine components in EO and thirty-two components in hydrosol extract accounting for 95.5 % and 81.4 % of the total extract composition were identified. The main constituents were carvone (12.7 %) followed by spathulenol (11.2 %) in EO, while the major compounds present in the hydrosol extract were carvone (10.9 %) and carvacrol (10.9 %). The results of antioxidant activity of hydrosol extract could be considered more interesting than EO. The data of the antimicrobial assays showed that all strains were sensitive to these extracts where EO displayed a very strong antibacterial activity mainly for E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus bacteria. Up to date, the current study is the first scientific report of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as the chemical composition of the EO and hydrosol extract of Algerian D. gnidium. The obtained results could promote the potential of D. gnidium as a promising source of bioactive compounds with a possible application as new natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of Lippia citriodora extracted by hydrodistillation from dry leaves with a yield of 0.3 % which characterization by TLC, UV-Vis, and IRTF analyses make it possible to distinguish the presence of aldehydes functions within the chemical composition. The GC-MS has permitted to confirm and to identify the neral and the geranial in appreciable proportions in the chemical composition of Lippia citriodora essential oil. The thionation of the carbonyl compounds of the essential oil has led to the transformation of the carbonyl compounds into corresponding thiones. The UV-Vis spectroscopy and the FT-IR spectra have shown the disappearance of the aldehyde function and its replacement by thione and thiol functions in solution by tautomery. The GC-MS has permitted to identify the formation of unsaturated cyclic compounds such as the 2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-cyclohexa-2,5-dienethione, the 6-Isopropyl-3-methyl-cyclohexa-2,4-dienethione and the 5-Isopropenyl-2-methyl-cyclohex-2-enethione, as well as an aromatic compound namely the thiothymol (2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-benzenethiol).The antibacterial and especially antifungal activity of the essential oil of Lippia citriodora has been greatly improved with the replacement of the oxygen by the sulphur and therefore the increase of the hydrophobic character and the volatility of the chemical composition of the oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out to determine, for the first time, the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from leaves of Salvia officinalis L. cultivated in Algeria. The essential oils (EOs) obtained by different extraction techniques: the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), the conventional hydrodistillation (HD) technique and the steam distillation (SD). The volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results were compared in terms of extraction time, yield extraction and chemical composition. The effect of drying method on the chemical composition of the essential oil generated by air or by oven drying. The results obtained showed that dried plant material yielded more essential oils than the fresh one. The highest EO yields were obtained for the oven-dried at 60°C (2.5 %) for one day, followed by the air-dried plant material for twenty one days (2.25 %). The chemical analysis of EO led to the identification of 28, 30 and 25 compounds in HD, MAHD and SD oils, respectively. The main components of EO resulting from the different extraction techniques were 1,8-cineole (11.00-12.16 %), α-thujone (15.80-17.92 %), camphor (10.70-23.95 %), α-humulene (4.50-9.61 %) and viridiflorol (9.49-13.10 %). The method of drying induced very significant variations for some compounds, especially for main compounds such as camphor (21.78-25.36 %), α-thujone (16.84-17.40 %) 1,8-cineole (15.15-17.92 %), caryopyllene oxide (5.46-8.42 %). The antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH (1,1 diphenyl-2picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay showed an appreciable efficiency. The antimicrobial activity tested on seven microorganisms showed that the EO obtained by SD was remarkably more active, and that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were resistant to all tested oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]