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Highlights: [•] We develop analytical methods for estimating wood production in forest plots. [•] Our corrections provide suggested methods to minimise three time-sensitive biases. [•] In Amazonia, uncorrected estimates of wood production are underestimated by 13%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:The zone of transition (ZOT) between the Cerrado and the Amazon forest in southern Amazonia represents a unique and rapidly shrinking area due to land-use change. Aims:To compare the dynamics and above-ground biomass of vegetation located in the ZOT with core Amazon forest and to determine how ZOT dynamics differ within vegetation types for different tree diameter classes. Methods:Censuses of trees were conducted in seven plots in monodominant forest, semi-deciduous seasonal forest, gallery forest, cerrado sensu stricto and cerradão, in north-eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil from 1996 to 2010, including data for the 2005 drought year. Separate analyses of stem dynamics and biomass were carried out for two different diameter (d) classes: 5 ≤d< 10 cm andd≥ 10 cm. Results:For trees withd≥ 10 cm the average mortality rate was 2.8% year−1, with an estimated above-ground dry biomass of 210 Mg ha−1. Trees with 5 ≤d< 10 cm constituted only a small fraction of the total biomass store (ca.10 Mg ha−1) and had a mortality rate of 7.4% year−1and recruitment of 6.5% year−1. Overall, mortality and recruitment in the ZOT were greater than in core Amazonian forests (1–2% year−1). Conclusions:The distinct vegetation formations of the southern Amazon ZOT are markedly more dynamic than core Amazonian forest. Continued long-term monitoring throughout the region is required to assess whether they also respond differently to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background:Climate change is driving ecosystem shifts, which has implications for tropical forest system function and productivity. Aim:To investigate Amazon forest dynamics and test for compositional changes between 1985 and 2005 across different plant groups. Methods:Tree census data from 46 long-term RAINFOR forest plots in Amazonia for three climate-functional groups were used: dry-affiliate, climate-generalist and wet affiliate. Membership of each group was ascribed at genus level from the distribution of individuals across a wet–dry gradient in Amazonia, and then used to determine whether the proportions of these functional groups have changed over time, and the direction of any change. Results:In total, 91 genera, representing 59% of the stems and 18% of genera in the plots, were analysed. Wet-affiliates tended to move from a state of net basal area gain towards dynamic equilibrium, defined as where gain ≈ loss, governed by an increase in loss rather than a decrease in growth and mainly driven by plots in north-west Amazonia, the wettest part of the region. Dry-affiliates remained in a state of strong net basal area gain across western Amazonia and showed a strong increase in stem recruitment. Wet-affiliates and climate-generalists showed increases in stem mortality, and climate-generalists showed increased stem recruitment, resulting in overall equilibrium of stem numbers. Conclusions:While there were no significant shifts in most genera, the results suggest an overall shift in climate-functional forest composition in western Amazonia away from wet-affiliates, and potential for increased forest persistence under projected drier conditions in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]