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Abstract: The objective of our study is to estimate the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in a sample of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) recruited from three Arab countries. We also examine the relationship between comorbidity and children''s cognitive functioning and gender. Children who received a diagnosis of ASD (n =60) from a child psychiatric outpatient clinic in Mansoura (Egypt), Al-Ahsa (Saudi Arabia) and Amman (Jordan) were included in this study. Comorbid diagnoses were established with a clinical interview and a semi-structured clinical interview for children and adolescents (SCICA). In addition, for all patients the cognitive evaluation was measured given the range in age and level of ability. Sixty-three percent of the children were diagnosed with at least one comorbid disorder. The most commonly reported comorbid disorders were anxiety disorders (58.3%), ADHD (31.6%), conduct disorders (23.3%), and major depressive disorder (13.3%). Out of the total sample, Obsessive compulsive disorder was the most prevalent anxiety disorder (55%). Elimination disorders were also diagnosed in 40% of patients. These findings emphasize a wide variety of psychiatric comorbidity afflicting youth with ASD and may be important targets for intervention. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Although autism spectrum disorders (ASD) prevalence is higher in males than females in Arab countries, few studies address sex differences in autistic symptoms and coexiting behavioral problems. A total of 37 boys and 23 girls recruited from three Arab countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan) matched for age and IQ. They were compared using Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The boys had poor emotional responsiveness and the girls had more cognitive problems. With regard to coexisting psychopathology boys exhibited significantly more delinquent behavior problems. Longitudinal, representative studies are needed to elucidate etiological significance of the observed sex differences. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]