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Data on the level of serum immunoglobulins in residents of the North and Arctic of the European territory of the Russian Federation are presented. In people living in the Arctic, the average concentration of IgM, IgA, and IgE is 1.4–2.6 times higher and the frequency of elevated concentrations is 2.4–8.8 times higher. A high frequency of IgG deficiency of 72.3% was established, which indicates inhibition of switching of antibody synthesis with a predominant predominance of IgM and IgA. In an unfavorable climate, the spectrum of antigenic structures increases and expands significantly. Activation of antibody production is due to an increased level of antigenic effects on the body and an increase in the content and diversity in the intravascular environment of tissue metabolism products with the properties of autoantigens. It was revealed that the concentration of immunoglobulins is significant in the formation of circulating immune complexes (CICs). In residents of the Arctic of the European territory of the Russian Federation, increased concentrations of IgM and IgA are associated with an increase in the content of neutrophil granulocytes and interferon-gamma cytokine (IFN-γ), which in turn is aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of the clearance of waste products in hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the features of hematological reactions in the inhabitants of the Arctic territory of the Kola Peninsula on a polar night and a polar day. Methods: The study included determining the hemogram, neutrograms, monocytograms, lymphocytograms, and phagocytic activity neutrophil granulocytes, enzyme immunoassay, flow cytometry. Results: It was established that during the polar night, there is an increase in the activity of migration of leukocytes from the marginal pool to the circulating pool, an increase in the intensity of phagocytosis by neutrophils, an increase in the concentrations of noradrenaline, cortisol, as well as an increase in hyperergic reactions involving immunoglobulin E and inhibitory processes due to an increase in interleukin‐10. Conclusion: A prolonged lack of sunlight causes a decrease in the reserve capacity for regulating homeostasis and forces the body to use proliferative reactions, which is reflected in the increase in stab neutrophils, large lymphocytes in the structure of the lymphocytogram and CD10+ lymphocytes. In winters, the frequency of neutropenia registration also increases to 13% of cases, the deficit of phagocytic activity of neutrophils; lymphopenia is recorded in 20% with T‐helper deficiency (37%). A part of the population probably has a relatively high degree of vulnerability to the action of natural environmental factors and is not able to completely restore the initial levels of the effectiveness of adaptation reactions in the summer. So at the end of the polar day in 8% of adults born in the north, neutropenia is recorded and in 21%—lymphopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents data on the impacts of the content of ApoA-I in peripheral blood on the state of immune homeostasis in people living in extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic. From the village of Revda, Murmansk region, 191 people were examined, 160 women and 31 men, aged from 21 to 55 years. The analysis of the results was carried out depending on the level of ApoA-I content: 111 examined people had a low content of ApoA-I (< 115 mg/dl) and 80 people had a concentration of ApoA-I - within the physiological norm (115-220 mg/dl). Deficiency of ApoA-I is associated with an increase in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol in 37.5% and triglycerides in 62.5% of cases. Low content of ApoA-I is associated with a decrease in the content of neutrophilic granulocytes and an increase in the concentration of small lymphocytes, IL-10 and IgE. Deficiency of ApoA-I is associated with an increase in the content of CD45RA+, CD16+, CD56+ lymphocyte phenotypes in blood. Low concentrations of ApoA-I are associated with low expression activity of L-selectin gene and free L-selectin ligand. Due to deficiency of ApoA-I, no significant differences were detected in the content of transferrin, free transferrin receptor, haptoglobin, free calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein, and free pool of receptors involved in apoptosis. Conclusion: deficiency of ApoA-I in blood plasma is associated with increased migration of neutrophils into the tissue and cell-mediated cytotoxicity of lymphocytes and occurs because of the effect of decreased activity of the level of antioxidant defense, changes in the structure of cell membranes and the participation of adhesion molecules., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.