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Introduction: From an infectious perspective, children and adolescents were not highly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, social isolation measures have deeply changed their lifestyle, which is believed to have a psychological impact on them. The objective was to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the emotional health of children and adolescents attending primary or secondary school., Population and Methods: Parents of children and adolescents from San Carlos de Bariloche participated in the study. Adults' perception of the emotional and behavioral impact of lockdown on children and adolescents, changes in sleeping habits, screen use, sports-related activities, eating, and medical consultations, was assessed., Results: A total of 267 parents were included. Of them, 96.3 % noticed emotional and behavioral changes. The most common ones were that their children were more bored (76.8 %), more irritable (59.2 %), more reluctant (56.9 %), and angrier (54.7 %). It was observed that they woke up and went to bed later, and slept 30 minutes more. Moreover, leisure screen use increased by 3 hours on weekdays. Time dedicated to physical activities did not change, but the type of activities did: swimming and team sports were replaced by biking, walking, and skiing., Conclusions: COVID-19 lockdown affected the emotional health and habits of children and adolescents. Boredom, irritability, and reluctance were more present during lockdown. The possibility of doing outdoor physical activities allowed them to keep practicing sports., Competing Interests: None, (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)

Because of the geomagnetic field shape, the polar regions are the most exposed to secondary particles and radiation produced by primary cosmic rays in the atmosphere. At present, only few experimental measurements of environmental dose are reported in literature at high southern latitudes. A three year campaign has been carried out in two different locations, Ushuaia (Argentina, 54.80 ∘ S, 68.30 ∘ W) and Marambio (Antarctica, 64.24 ∘ S, 56.63 ∘ W), using a Liulin type detector, allowing to measure the total environmental radiation flux and dose. The Liulin type instrument, measuring the energy deposition in a silicon detector, is especially suitable to evaluate the dose, separating the low and high LET (Linear Energy Transfer) components. The instrument was installed at the GAW Station in Ushuaia and inside the LAMBI Laboratory at the Marambio Antarctic base. In December 2017 preliminary measurements have been carried out at the French-Italian base Dome C, at 3233 m a.s.l., with a Liulin-AR, a new version of Liulin spectrometer, specifically built for this application by the Space Research and Technology Institute of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. In this paper the environmental dose values obtained in the different southern high latitude locations are compared and discussed., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: This study analyzed the association between psychomotor development and socio-demographic and family stimulation factors in 3-year-old children from San Carlos de Bariloche., Population and Methods: A total of 152 apparently healthy children aged 35-37 months old who attended municipal and private kindergartens were evaluated. Children's performance in personal-social, fne motor, language and gross motor skills development using the National Screening Test was analyzed. The relationship between environmental factors and the achievement of developmental milestones was studied using a multivariate logistic regression model., Results: Twenty seven percent of children did not pass the test. The most common outcome measures associated with altered developmental milestones were no reading, low birth weight, and the parents' lower education level. The association with reading was always positive; and this also occurred in relation to the parents' education level. A low birth weight had a negative association with the possibility of passing four milestones, three of which were gross motor skills. Children who attended municipal kindergartens had a low performance in three language milestones, one personal-social milestone and one fne motor milestone when compared to national profles., Conclusions: The percentage of children who did not pass the test was 27%. The most common outcome measures associated with altered developmental milestones were lack of reading to the child, low birth weight, and the parents' lower education level.