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This study presents a comparison between fishers' knowledge and fiscal records about the structure of inland fisheries in the Paraná River (Argentina). First of all, we characterized the fishing population according to the main demographic and economic indicators, identifying two different fishing areas: the northern and southern sections in the lower La Plata basin. Secondly, we carried out a comparative analysis of fiscal fishery records (from two commercial sets: 1930–1984 and 2011–2019) and local fishers' knowledge on inland commercial fisheries (frequency of occurrence and abundance). Finally, we contrasted current fishing regulations (allowed meshes and boats, fishing prohibitions, exports) to fishers' effective practices. The study area included 52 sites located along the floodplain of the middle and lower sections of the Paraná River, in the province of Santa Fe. Socioeconomic analyses identified two different groups of fishers throughout the river corridor. Results showed that fishers have detailed knowledge on nomenclature, ecology, reproductive strategy, habitat distribution, and usefulness of commercial fish species. By contrasting fishers' knowledge with fiscal records, we found similar and complementary information about the changes in abundance and frequency of occurrence in fisheries. These results highlight the need of including local knowledge as an outstanding source of information for well-planned management of fishing programs and sustainable policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the hydrological variability effects on the primary commercial fish species inhabiting the main channel and the floodplain of the large Paraná River in its middle reaches in Argentina. Analysing more than eight decades (1935–2016) of information on the most frequent and abundant commercial species in conjunction with hydrological levels and temperature, our results show that spring–summer floods of a certain magnitude (c. 6 m) and durations (> 80 days) are crucial for sustaining commercial fisheries. Moreover, the frequency of these floods was modulated by the decadal climatic fluctuations that have occurred over the past 100 years in the Paraná Basin. An insight into the probable incidence of some anthropogenic influences is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The middle and lower sections of most large rivers have fine-grained bed sediments, which may have a strong influence on the functional and taxonomical structure of benthic invertebrates. Based on results from several studies by the authors on the faunal assemblages and habitat structures of the Paraguay–Paraná River system (Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina), from European (Rhine, Loire) River systems, and data from the literature, this review identifies general patterns which appear to have a global character. On one hand, the invertebrate assemblages largely differed between the main channel (MC) and the corresponding floodplain habitats in different sections, and also the floodplain habitats along the river channel revealed great differences in their biodiversity. On the other hand, there was a remarkable homogeneity among the main-channel sections within and even between river systems. We consider physical habitat features as the crucial variables responsible for these patterns. In cross-sections from the MC towards the floodplain habitats, grain size, organic matter content and oxygen supply change dramatically, and different floodplain habitats along the same river system may have different successional stages even at small geographical distances. The sandy structure of potamal habitats (including underwater dunes), however, provides a set of habitat features characterized by continuously changing sediment structures with well-defined grain sizes, low organic matter contents and good oxygenation, which force a set of adaptations by the invertebrates that limits but stabilizes the diversity of invertebrates in these large river sections. A better understanding of the ecohydrological interactions between habitat dynamics and benthic invertebrates is needed to improve sustainable river ecosystem management. We discuss the non-recovery of large benthic invertebrate species in the lower section of large rivers after improvement of the water quality in the context of these ecohydrological features. Conclusions are drawn for river restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issue of handing over of military power to civilian authorities in various South American countries. The author focuses on the withdrawal of military power in favor of civilian rule in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Brazil; freedom of the press, the organization of opposition parties, and general political amnesty have since become the norm in these countries. The author concludes that although the withdrawal of military power seems to be at odds with the seizure of power by the military, nevertheless, a certain similarity exists.

The article discusses a study on the attacks of culpeo, Lycalopex culpaeus, against small guanacos, Lama guanicoe and cooperative defense by guanacos living in Tierra del Fuego in Argentina and Chile. The culpeo is considered as the only terrestrial predator in the area, weighing up to 14 kilograms and lives with pumas and guanacos. It is noted that cooperative defense by guanacos are usually seen during the first weeks after birth because small guanacos are vulnerable. The study suggested continued monitoring of culpeo attacks.

The article introduces articles published in the June 1, 1997 issue of "The International Journal of Logistics Management." The goal of the journal is to publish the leading journal in this subject area on a global basis. In the vol. 8, ed no. 1, 1997 issue of "The International Journal of Logistics Management," there are a number of articles that address the topic by providing a definition of supply chain management that differentiates it from logistics as well as a conceptual model for supply chain decision-making and research. The second article provides a conceptual model which helps to identify assumptions in the literature that must be challenged. The authors also present an agenda for research. Other related topics in this issue include: structural changes in the supply chain partnerships and the status of supply chain management in Argentina's food industry. Readers' suggestions are welcome and they are encouraged to consider "The International Journal of Logistics Management," as a publication outlet.

Previous meristic analysis of the oblique scale counts (OSC) of Mugil liza showed a bimodal pattern within the southern stock, between São Paulo, Brazil (−24°S), and Samborombón Bay, Argentina (−35°S), allowing the identification of two morphotypes (BR1 and BR2). The Brazilian group with lower number of OSC was represented by morphotype 1 (BR1), while the group with higher number of OSC was referred as morphotype 2 (BR2), which could represent distinct subpopulation-units. This study aims at evaluating 1) the population structure of M. liza in Brazilian waters through meristics and body morphometrics from individuals captured by the industrial purse seine fishery, and 2) to assess the possible connectivity between individuals collected off southeast-south Brazil with specimens sampled in Argentinean waters (AR) through otolith shape and microchemistry analyses. Combined meristic and morphometric analyses of fish bodies captured in Brazilian waters allowed to discriminate morphotypes (BR1 and BR2) characterized by different body proportions, head profiles and relative positions of the eye. BR1 presented on average 34 OSC, contrasting with 36 of BR2. For mullets born in two-time distinct intervals, (i) 2008–2011 and (ii) 2011–2014, otolith shape analyses associated AR to BR2, and evidenced a distinct otolith outline from BR1, while multi-elemental otolith core analyses showed no significant differences between AR and BR2. It suggests that the mechanisms responsible for the elemental deposition during the early life history for these two sub-populations (AR + BR2) were significantly different compared to BR1. Univariate analyses of the otolith fingerprints (core and edge) showed higher significant levels in Cd/Ca, Cu/Ca, Fe/Ca, Li/Ca, Mn/Ca, Ni/Ca and Zn/Ca for BR1 compared to AR and BR2. The hereby morpho-meristic data and univariate elemental fingerprints suggest distinct environments inhabited by fish along the western coast of South America. Furthermore, the multi-elemental otolith core results suggested the existence of more than one nursery area for the species. In conclusion, the two morphotypes identified (BR1 and BR2+AR) should be considered as two sub-populations within the mullets southern stock for fisheries management purposes. • Population structure and connectivity patterns of Mugil liza in the SW Atlantic Ocean. • Oblique scale counts suggest the existence of two morphotypes in the Brazilian SE-S coast. • Shape and elemental signatures revealed the existence of two subpopulations in the southern stock. • Mullets from Argentina could migrate to replenish the Brazilian fisheries grounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report three patients diagnosed with Fabry disease through a screening study which included individuals suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) at any stage. The study recruited 1740 male patients, and three Fabry patients were diagnosed, resulting in a frequency of 0.17%. The analysis by CKD stage group revealed frequencies of 3.03%, 0.77% and 0.17%, in CKD1, CKD3 and CKD5, respectively. Pedigree analysis was carried out for these families, with a high ratio index: pedigree (1:16). This study underlines the importance of considering Fabry disease in the differential diagnosis at every stage of CKD, including the early ones, and stresses the possibility of finding patients with late onset phenotypes., (© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Italian Society of Nephrology.)

Purpose: PALB2 variants have been scarcely described in Argentinian and Latin-American reports. In this study, we describe molecular and clinical characteristics of PALB2 mutations found in multi-gene panels (MP) from breast-ovarian cancer (BOC) families in different institutions from Argentina., Methods: We retrospectively identified PALB2 pathogenic (PV) and likely pathogenic (LPV) variants from a cohort of 1905 MP results, provided by one local lab (Heritas) and SITHER (Hereditary Tumor Information System) public database. All patients met hereditary BOC clinical criteria for testing, according to current guidelines., Results: The frequency of PALB2 mutations is 2.78% (53/1905). Forty-eight (90.5%) are PV and five (9.5%) are LPV. Most of the 18 different mutations (89%) are nonsense and frameshift types and 2 variants are novel. One high-rate recurrent PV (Y551*) is present in 43% (23/53) of the unrelated index cases. From the 53 affected carriers, 94% have BC diagnosis with 14% of bilateral cases. BC phenotype is mainly invasive ductal (78%) with 62% of hormone-receptor positive and 22% of triple negative tumors. Self-reported ethnic background of the cohort is West European (66%) and native Latin-American (20%) which is representative of Buenos Aires and other big urban areas of the country., Conclusion: This is the first report describing molecular and clinical characteristics of PALB2 carriers in Argentina. Frequency of PALB2 PV in Argentinian HBOC families is higher than in other reported populations. Y551* is a recurrent mutation that seems to be responsible for almost 50% of PALB2 cases., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Pachygenium embraces a group of terrestrial species formerly placed in Pelexia sensu lato. The genus currently comprises some 60 species, most of which are known from the southern parts of Brazil and Paraguay, with few species distributed in the Andean countries-only four species have been recorded from Argentina so far. In Jujuy Province, Argentina a new species of Pachygenium was found during our fieldwork. The aim of this article was to provide morphological and molecular evidence for its membership in this genus., Methods: Materials from specimens were collected in the field and examined by classical taxonomic and molecular biological techniques, e.g. , PCR and sequencing DNA. Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed by maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference., Results: Pachygenium laurense from Argentina is described and illustrated based on morphological evidence and its taxonomic position was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. A new combination for Pachygenium gutturosa is also proposed. A key for identification is provided for the Pachygenium species occurring in Argentina., Conclusion: Pachygenium laurense is the fifth species of the genus recorded from Argentina., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2022 M. Martin et al.)

Background: β-Adrenoceptor agonists are effective in animal models of bladder dysfunction, and the human bladder primarily expresses the β3 receptor subtype., Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the highly selective and potent β3-adrenoceptor agonist solabegron in a clinical proof-of-concept study in incontinent women with overactive bladder (OAB)., Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a randomized, double-blind trial in adult women with OAB (one or more 24-h incontinence episodes and eight or more average 24-h micturitions)., Interventions: Solabegron 50 mg (n=88), solabegron 125 mg (n=85), or placebo (n=85)-all twice daily-were administered., Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: The primary efficacy end point was percentage change from baseline to week 8 in the number of incontinence episodes over 24 h. Secondary end points included actual change and percentage change from baseline to week 4 and week 8 in micturitions per 24 h, urgency episodes per 24 h, and volume voided per micturition. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed, as well., Results and Limitations: Solabegron 125 mg produced a statistically significant difference in percent change from baseline to week 8 in incontinence episodes over 24h when compared with placebo (p=0.025). Solabegron 125 mg treatment also showed statistically significant reductions from baseline to weeks 4 and 8 in micturitions over 24 h and a statistically significant increase from baseline to week 8 in urine volume voided. Solabegron was well tolerated, with a similar incidence of AEs in each treatment group. There were no significant treatment differences for mean changes from baseline to week 8 in systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), or heart rate during the 24-h ambulatory measurement., Conclusions: Solabegron significantly reduced the symptoms of OAB in women with moderate to severe OAB. Solabegron was safe, well tolerated, and did not demonstrate significant differences in AEs as compared to placebo. β3-Adrenoceptor agonists may represent a new therapeutic approach for treating OAB symptoms., (Copyright © 2012 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A subcategory of medical tourism, reproductive tourism has been the subject of much public and policy debate in recent years. Specific concerns include: the exploitation of individuals and communities, access to needed health care services, fair allocation of limited resources, and the quality and safety of services provided by private clinics. To date, the focus of attention has been on the thriving medical and reproductive tourism sectors in Asia and Eastern Europe; there has been much less consideration given to more recent 'players' in Latin America, notably fertility clinics in Chile, Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. In this paper, we examine the context-specific ethical and policy implications of private Argentinean fertility clinics that market reproductive services via the internet. Whether or not one agrees that reproductive services should be made available as consumer goods, the fact is that they are provided as such by private clinics around the world. We argue that basic national regulatory mechanisms are required in countries such as Argentina that are marketing fertility services to local and international publics. Specifically, regular oversight of all fertility clinics is essential to ensure that consumer information is accurate and that marketed services are safe and effective. It is in the best interests of consumers, health professionals and policy makers that the reproductive tourism industry adopts safe and responsible medical practices.