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Globally, Fairtrade practices its ethic of trade justice and governs its multiple stakeholders through a universalising set of regulations. However, this essentialises what are, in reality, disparate, dynamic and contextual experiences. Engaging with Argentinean wine and wine grape producers, alongside European regulators, highlights the inherent tensions to this system with Fairtrade's global efforts being experienced as injustices at the producer level. This paper argues that overcoming the disconnect between 'justice-as-universal' and 'care-as-particular' is essential; combining these ethics will make Fairtrade's governance more responsive to the place-based realities of how it is actually experienced and lived. The institutionalisation of Fairtrade has precluded alternative ideas of thinking or doing trade justice and so more inclusive dialogues are needed to ensure all stakeholders can participate. Fairtrade needs to bridge its scales of operation through a decentralised governance structure to allow for fluid and direct discussions and actions over its rhetoric, practices and impacts. This is an important step towards actualising everyday care-full trade justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The current market, in large part, demands the availability of structured wines with intense coloration, reason why winemakers constantly evaluated different technological variants designed to satisfy the requirements of the consumer. In response to this need, the incidence of saignée (T1, 10%; T2, 20%; T3, 30%) on phenolic composition of Malbec wines from Mendoza in two consecutive seasons was studied. In 2010, it was observed that only T3 significantly increased the content of anthocyanins in wines with respect to the control, without appreciating a significant effect on the rest of the phenolic parameters evaluated. As for those individual compounds determined by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS, the three treatments favored the extraction of different anthocyanic derivatives and flavonols, being T3 the most significant. In 2011, there was a similar trend in addition to a significant effect on the colour intensity, total phenols, proanthocyanidins, hydroxybenzoic acids, flavanols, flavonols and dihidroflavonoles. In contrast, the triangular test showed the impossibility of differentiating wines studied by a trained panel of judges. Comparing both seasons was demonstrated the influence of the "year" factor on the composition of wines made with and without application of saignée. In conclusion, this oenological practice may be a useful tool to increase the phenolic quality of Malbec wines and improve their aging potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Has been developed common white wine whit must of Niagara Rosada (Vitis labrusca) cultivated in Misiones (Argentina) and the native yeast contained in their berries, at the lab scale. In the eonological procedure, isothermic fermentation was used at 24±1°C whit native yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus like reference fermentation. The analytical techniques applied were those of the National Institute of Vitiviniculture (NIV) from Argentina. Were obteined the characteristics of the grapes and the must as a raw material. The statisticians were used the Fischer's test to confirm hypotheses of variancas similar and the Student's test to compare the means. Assessed the work of native yeast with the sugar consumed, alcohol obtained, the fermentation time, the activity, the power and the fermentation performance. It was found if the dry white wines obtained were unfit for human consumption from the point of view of: ethanol, dry extract, pH, density, sulfur dioxide(free and total), acidity (volatile and total) with respect to the legislation of the National Institute of viticulture in Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sobre datos de 14.284 botellas provenientes de seis regiones/país: Argentina, Australia, Chile, California (Estados Unidos de América), Borgoña (Francia) y Sudáfrica, y cinco cosechas: 1997, 1999, 2001, 2004 y 2005, se estima un modelo de precios hedónicos que relaciona causalmente precio del vino con calidad individual y marca-país. Se confirma una relación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre precio y calidad individual, y se detecta que el premio o castigo que reciben los vinos por marca-país --al igual que la elasticidad precio-calidad-- se ha mantenido estable en el tiempo. A igual calidad individual y respecto de los vinos californianos, los vinos chilenos y argentinos siguen siendo castigados hoy en más de un 50%. Se constata también que el problema de la marca-país no tendrá solución mientras países entrantes a esta industria, como Chile o Argentina, no produzcan una masa crítica de vinos de excepcional calidad, factor que a fin de cuentas determina la consistencia de una buena imagen o reputación colectiva de sus productores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how neoliberal economic reforms in Argentina have presented the wine cooperative sector with both potential for success and challenges to survival. Regionally, the formation of the Federación de Cooperativas Vitivinícolas Argentinas (FeCoVitA) exemplifies the ways that some cooperatives in Latin America are coping with the competition that accompanies globalization and neoliberal economic reform, through centralization of decision-making power. But FeCoVitA diverges from scholarly assertions that this centralization will result in diminished member benefits. FeCoVitA, the regional co-op and the marketing and bottling enterprise of the cooperative system, succeeded in pulling its members through the recent financial anti consumption crises in Argentina and has become one of the more powerful entities in the industry, h offers an array of benefits to its members and it has shown remarkable success and innovation as an organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wine making process, detritivorous insects may appear which are attracted by a spectrum of the ultraviolet to the infrared or by nutritious natural products. Considering this behavior, traps of UV light and fly traps have been used for the integrated handling in a winery. The objectives were: to monitor arthropods that affect organic substrates in decomposition, with traps of light; to identify and to classify these species; to establish its population dynamics. The research was done in the Winery of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNCuyo. The traps used were a fly trap with vinegar at 25% and another one of yellow light. They were installed in the reception-elaboration and fractioning sectors. The harvesting was made weekly. The total of arthropods was higher in the reception-elaboration area (84%) than in the fractioning area (16%). The trap of light was better and it was followed by the fly trap. The greater group of insects that was captured was Diptera. Population dynamics, in general terms, fluctuated in direct relation with average external environmental temperature. The monitoring detected the plagues present in the winery and helped detect differences between the evaluated sectors according to hygienic handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal was to evaluate what maceration time allows a better expression of colour and concentration of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Malbec (M) wines from Mendoza, Argentina. From two 20 000 L industrial winemaking, an experiment (n = 3) was performed to evaluate three times of maceration: 5, 10 and 20 days. This was made extracting 60 L of wine each time. In the wines total phenols, total condensed tanins, gelatin index, colour density, hue, copigmentation and polimeric colour were mesured with VIS and UV espectro-photometric techniques. The wines were also sensory evaluated by an experts panel. 10 and 20 days CS wines were similar and greater in anthocyans, polymeric colour and tanins than that of 5 days. Also provoked bigger concentration and softness and moderated astringency, dryness and roughness. 20 days CS wines had more total phenols and astringent tanins than 10 days CS wines. 10 days M wines reached bigger contents of colour density, total phenols, anthocyanins, polimeric colour and tanins than 5 and 20 days ones. 10 days M provoked sensations of concentration and softness similar to that of 10 and 20 days CS wines. In contrast their dryness, rougness and astringency were smaller than that of CS wines. 5 days M wines resulted poor in attributes and 20 days M intermediate between that of 5 and 10 days. Considering both varieties and all maceration times, the loss of copigmented anthocyans was followed by a proportional increse in polymerised anthocyans. Total phenols and tanins positively correlated with sensations of roughness, astringency, dryness, softness and concentration. Also dryness negatively correlated with gelatine not precipitable tanins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An English- and Spanish-language abstract is presented for an article on the wine, sugar cane, and agricultural industries in Argentina.