In Mendoza, the Uco Valley was chosen by big entrepreneurs for setting up viticulture fields, irrigated with groundwater. With the approval of the provincial State to fight against desertification, the appearance of these entrepreneurs changes areas traditionally irrigated with surface waters. We analyze the provincial hydric policies, the modification of the agrarian structure, and how local producers are going through this process. We conclude that there is an alienation process of water, earth, and production that, nevertheless, is publicized by the State as the triumph of men over the advancement of desert and the lack of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]