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Objective: To evaluate the effect of including the fractured vertebra in the short‐segment fixation of thoracolumbar (TL) fractures. Methods: A total of 32 patients with thoraco‐lumbar fractures, selected between August 2013 and February 2016, were managed by short‐segment fixation with screws at the level of the fracture, and decompression was performed only for patients with neurological deficits. The patients' functional outcome was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score for neurological condition. All patients were followed up with radiographs. Results: Patients with complete neurologic deficits (n = 3) did not show any neurologic recovery. All ASIA B patients improved to ASIA C. Five ASIA C patients improved to ASIA E. The remaining five ASIA C patients improved to ASIA D. All ASIA D patients improved to ASIA B. At the final follow‐up examination, the mean anterior vertebral height was 21 ± 5 mm, indicating no significant height loss during the follow‐up period. Conclusion: Short‐segment fixation of TL fractures with inclusion of the fracture level into the construct offers good correction of segmental kyphosis, vertebral wedging, and vertebral height loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spine is one of the most common sites of metastasis from distant structures, following the lung and the liver. Aim: to review the pathological distribution, clinical presentation and different surgical procedures and outcome of cases with neoplastic spine lesions managed at our departments. Patients and methods: this is a review of 29 patients presented with destructive spine lesion with compromised neural structure at different degrees, with no history of trauma or infection. All patients subjected to full neurological examination and ASIA scoring, and full radiological evaluation. Different surgical approaches were utilized. Results: this a retrospective study of 29 patients, 11males and 18 females. Mean age of presentation was 50years old. The affected vertebral bodies are 47 distributed among vertebral regions: 6 sacral (12.8%), 16 lumbar (34%), 6 thoracolumbar (12.8%), 12 thoracic (25.5%), 3 cervicothoracic (6.4%), and 4 cervical (8.5%). As regard surgical procedures, 5 patients CT guided biopsy. One case operated by core biopsy and vertebroplasty. 4 patients were managed by posterior neural decompression and debunking. 12 patients operated posterior excision and reconstruction. 3cases approached by anterolateral thoracotomy. 2 cases operated posterior excisional biopsy and Craniocervical fixation. One case was managed by anterior transoral excision. One case approached through anterior cervical corpectomy. Conclusion: in selected cases surgical management of patients with spine neoplastic lesions followed by adjuvant therapy is considered to relieve pain, decompress neural structures, stabilization and correction of deformed spine, and local control with also improvement of quality of life but not the survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper weed management strategies are very essential for sustainable agriculture crop production. Chenopodium murale L. is one of the most problematic weed all over the world. It's an annual herbaceous plant weed found in Pakistan, India as well as other subtropical and tropical parts of Asia. In approximately fifteen Asian countries, C. murale is the most difficult to control in different crops. It influences negatively on the growth of crops and decreases the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legumes. It is a plant that grows quickly and makes tiny seeds. It is easier for C. murale to adapt to different agro-ecological situations because of its fast seed development and predisposition towards herbicide resistance. Several cultural methods, including irrigation, crop rotation, herbicide-tolerant crop types, mechanical weed management, and mulching have been helpful in controlling this weed species, but very few researchers have successfully achieved biological control of C. murale. A promising way of management for C. murale could involve the use of allelochemicals. The control of this weed could differ according to the quantity of herbicides used, the type of crop, the method they are applied, method of use, and the tillage techniques. Understanding C. murale 's ecology, biology, and management strategies is very essential for its proper management. This review provides the better understanding about this weed and provides the different strategies to control this problematic weed species. • Chenopodium murale L. is a challenging weed in sustainable agriculture in Asia. Cultural approaches and herbicides provide effective control options for this weed. • C. murale has a high potential for spreading due to its tolerance to environmental stresses and adaptation to various habitats. Integration of multiple management practices can be an effective way to control C. murale and minimize the risk of herbicide resistance. • Understanding C. murale 's biology will assist in developing better control methods. This review provides insight into one of the most challenging weeds to manage globally. • Better understanding of the Bio-ecology and herbicide resistance in C. murale can aid in developing new herbicides and management strategies. • Various cultural approaches, herbicide-tolerant crop varieties, and mechanical weed control provide effective controls. Biological control of C. murale is limited, but allelochemicals show promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Rational: To date, only few studies have evaluated the benefits of anticoagulation in individuals with cirrhosis. An obvious goal of anticoagulation is PV recanalization: when cirrhotic individuals with PVT are treated with anticoagulation, complete recanalization has been described in 33-45% while partial PV recanalization is observed in 15-35% of cases. LDLT has emerged as the alternative life-saving treatment to DDLT. Over the past 2 decades, the number of LDLTs has steadily increased in many transplant centers, especially in Asia. The separation between occlusive and non-occlusive thrombosis is very important; in patients with partial PVT, post-transplant mortality outcomes are no different from non-PVT patients but it is significantly increased in patients with complete PVT. Patients and Methods: This randomized prospective study will include 79 patients who will undergo LDLT in Ain Shams Specialized and Egypt Air hospitals, there are two groups of patients according to presence of portal vein thrombosis or not group A 39 patients of non PVT and group B 40 patient of PVT including different grades of PVT according Yerdel classification. Results: In this study, there is no significant difference between groups regard age but Males were significantly associated with group B. In this study, there is no significant difference between groups regard CHILD and MELD scores and this findings. In our study there is no significantly difference between groups A and B regarding ICU stay, hospital stay and cell saver. In this study, comparisons of the PVT patients and controls showed no statistical significant differences regard HA thrombosis, post operative pulmonary embolism and biliary leak but PV rethrombosis is significantly associated with PVT patients, mortality sig associated with PVT patients. Conclusion: The outcomes of patients with PVT who underwent LDLT are inferior to those without PVT. Patients with PVT has lower survival rate, higher postoperative PV rethrombosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sesbania grandiflora is an edible medicinal plant widely distributed in Asia, it exhibited diverse biological effects. • One of its folk uses is to treat or alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus. • LC-HRMS proved that its leaves and twigs are rich in flavonoids and terpenes. • Vomifoliol, loliolide, quercetin, and kaempferol are potent inhibitors of metabolic enzymes involved in type 2 diabetes. Sesbania grandiflora L. Poir is an edible medicinal plant widely distributed in Asian countries. One of its folk medicinal uses is the alleviation or treatment of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A number of animal studies confirmed its use in treating T2DM; however, none of them explored the chemistry or the possible mechanism. This study aims to unveil the chemical profile of S. grandiflora through LC-HRMS dereplication analysis, followed by isolation, identification and quantification of the major secondary metabolites with potential α-amylase and α glucosidase inhibitory effect as the potential anti-diabetic mechanism. LC-HRMS chemical profiling of its leaves and twigs identified 32 metabolites. Bio-guided fractionation and HPLC purification led to the isolation of 14 major metabolites that were screened for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. For the first time, two terpenoids; vomifoliol (11) and loliolide (14) showed inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase with IC 50 values of 64.5 and 388.48 µM, respectively. Quercetin (10) exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibition with IC 50 value of 17.45 µM. Further, predicated molecular modelling studies demonstrated strong binding interactions between active compounds and enzyme-substrate binding pockets supporting the observed enzyme inhibitory activity. Interestingly, the quantitative analysis of the most potent inhibitors indicated their existence at a high percentage within S. grandiflora extract. Our findings suggested S. grandiflora is a useful dietary supplement to control postprandial blood glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]