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Injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. However, the epidemiology and prehospital care for pediatric unintentional injuries in Asia are still unclear. A total of 9,737 pediatric patients aged <18 years with unintentional injuries cared for at participating centers of the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcome Study (PATOS) from October 2015 to December 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: those <8 and those ≥8 years of age. Variables such as patient demographics, injury epidemiology, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and prehospital care were collected. Injury severity and administered prehospital care stratified by gross national income were also analyzed. Pediatric unintentional injuries accounted for 9.4% of EMS-transported trauma cases in the participating Asian centers, and the mortality rate was 0.88%. The leading cause of injury was traffic injuries in older children aged ≥8 years (56.5%), while falls at home were common among young children aged <8 years (43.9%). Compared with younger children, older children with similar ISS tended to receive more prehospital interventions. Uneven disease severity was found in that older children in lower-middle and upper-middle-income countries had higher ISS compared with those in high-income countries. The performance of prehospital interventions also differed among countries with different gross national incomes. Immobilizations were the most performed prehospital intervention followed by oxygen administration, airway management, and pain control; only one patient received prehospital thoracentesis. Procedures were performed more frequently in high-income countries than in upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries. The major cause of injury was road traffic injuries in older children, while falls at home were common among young children. Prehospital care in pediatric unintentional injuries in Asian countries was not standardized and might be insufficient, and the economic status of countries may affect the implementation of prehospital care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geochemistry of Cenozoic intracontinental high-Mg andesites (HMAs) in northeast Asia, together with regional geophysical data, offers an opportunity to explore the genetic relationship between the formation of intracontinental HMAs and subduction of the Pacific plate. Compared with primary HMAs in arcs, Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs in northeast Asia have lower Mg# [100 x Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)] values (53-56) and CaO contents (5.8-6.6 wt%), higher alkali (Na2O + K2O) contents (5.15-6.45 wt%), and enriched Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7056-0.7059; εNd = -4.9 to -3.4; εHf = -4.7 to -2.6) as well as lower Pb isotope ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 16.76-19.19; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.42-15.45; 208Pb/204Pb = 36.71-37.11). These Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs are similar to Cenozoic potassic basalts in northeast China with respect to their Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions but have higher SiO2 and Al2O3 contents and lower K2O, MgO, and light rare earth element contents. These features indicate that these Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs originated from the mantle, where recycled ancient sediments and water contributed to partial melting of peridotite. Combined with the presence of a large low-resistivity anomaly derived from the mantle transition zone (MTZ) near these intracontinental HMAs, and their occurrence above the stagnant slab front within the MTZ (at 600 km depth) in northeast Asia, we conclude that the stagnant slab front, with high contents of recycled ancient sediments and water, has controlled the formation of Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs in northeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Net additions to the continental landmasses, or continental growth, is a process that has irrevocably shaped our environment throughout the Earth history. Studies of ancient orogens suggest that continental growth can be facilitated by plate tectonics-driven arc magmatism and material accretion along convergent margins. However, such details are not well-understood due to the geological complexity of ancient orogens. Specifically, the role of the magmatic arc and its contributions to growing an accretionary margin remains unclear. This study explores an under-studied, long-lived magmatic arc along a 1500 km-wide swath of the NE Asian continental margin between 42° to 52°N (i.e., Sikhote-Alin and adjacent NE China, Sakhalin, and Hokkaido). We present new igneous rock zircon U-Pb ages (n = 93) and geochemistry (n = 61) from Sikhote-Alin that complement limited published data (n > 60). We synthesize these data to reveal four episodes of arc magmatism at Sikhote-Alin, including (1) 134 to 120 Ma S-type, (2) 110 to 100 Ma I-type, (3) 95 to 52 Ma highly-evolved I-type, and (4) <46 Ma I-type. We then combine our new results with published data (n > 600) and geology from adjacent NE Asia to analyze overall magmatic trends during a ∼ 1500 km trenchward migration of arc magmatism driven by Jurassic to Cenozoic juvenile terrane accretion. The young, growing continental margin was modified by arc magmatism with chemical compositions determined by: (1) generation from a mantle wedge mixed with 1.3– 1.4% sediment component from the downgoing slab; and, (2) silica-enrichment from crustal magmatic differentiation. Here, convergent margin continental growth that involved crustal accretion and trenchward migrating arc magmatism show magma compositions that evolve from initial mantle source mixing followed by crustal differentiation. [Display omitted] • 42°N to 52°N NE Asia is an ongoing growing continental margin since the Mesozoic. • The magmatic arc moves trenchward associated with a lateral growing margin. • Continents grow by lateral accretion and following arc magmatism in the new margin. • The arc magmatism modifies the composition of the new continent. • Mantle sources mixing and magma differentiation dictate the arc magma composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wolfberry Lycium, an economically important genus of the Solanaceae family, contains approximately 80 species and shows a fragmented distribution pattern among the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Although several herbaceous species of Solanaceae have been subjected to genome sequencing, thus far, no genome sequences of woody representatives have been available. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 13 perennial woody species of Lycium, with a focus on Lycium barbarum. Integration with other genomes provides clear evidence supporting a whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared by all hitherto sequenced solanaceous plants, which occurred shortly after the divergence of Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae. We identified new gene families and gene family expansions and contractions that first appeared in Solanaceae. Based on the identification of self-incompatibility related-gene families, we inferred that hybridization hotspots are enriched for genes that might be functioning in gametophytic self-incompatibility pathways in wolfberry. Extremely low expression of LOCULE NUBER (LC) and COLORLESS NON-RIPENING (CNR) orthologous genes during Lycium fruit development and ripening processes suggests functional diversification of these two genes between Lycium and tomato. The existence of additional flowering locus C-like MADS-box genes might correlate with the perennial flowering cycle of Lycium. Differential gene expression involved in the lignin biosynthetic pathway between Lycium and tomato likely illustrates woody and herbaceous differentiation. We also provide evidence that Lycium migrated from Africa into Asia, and subsequently from Asia into North America. Our results provide functional insights into Solanaceae origins, evolution and diversification.