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[Display omitted] • The phylogeny of Asian Sonerileae was reconstructed using genome resequencing data. • Thirty-four major clades were identified in Asian Sonerileae. • Widespread phylogenetic discordance was caused by a combination of factors. • We detected high level of homoplasy for some characters used in taxonomy. • The backbone phylogeny of Asian Sonerileae offers a solid basis for future revision. Sonerileae is a diverse Melastomataceae lineage comprising ca. 1000 species in 44 genera, with >70% of genera and species distributed in Asia. Asian Sonerileae are taxonomically intractable with obscure generic circumscriptions. The backbone phylogeny of this group remains poorly resolved, possibly due to complexity caused by rapid species radiation in early and middle Miocene, which hampers further systematic study. Here, we used genome resequencing data to reconstruct the phylogeny of Asian Sonerileae. Three parallel datasets, viz. single-copy ortholog (SCO), genomic SNPs, and whole plastome, were assembled from genome resequencing data of 205 species for this purpose. Based on these genome-scale data, we provided the first well resolved phylogeny of Asian Sonerileae, with 34 major clades identified and 74% of the interclade relationships consistently resolved by both SCO and genomic data. Meanwhile, widespread phylogenetic discordance was detected among SCO gene trees as well as species trees reconstructed using different tree estimation methods (concatenation/site-based coalescent method/summary method) or different datasets (SCO/genomic/plastome). We explored sources of discordance using multiple approaches and found that the observed discordance in Asian Sonerileae was mainly caused by a combination of biased distribution of missing data, random noise from uninformative genes, incomplete lineage sorting, and hybridization/introgression. Exploration of these sources can enable us to generate hypotheses for future testing, which is the first step towards understanding the evolution of Asian Sonerileae. We also detected high levels of homoplasy for some characters traditionally used in taxonomy, which explains current chaotic generic delimitations. The backbone phylogeny of Asian Sonerileae revealed in this study offers a solid basis for future taxonomic revision at the generic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Asian rhinoplasty is an expanding topic in the field of rhinoplasty. Although the main principles of various rhinoplasty techniques apply equally to the Asian nose, Asian rhinoplasty is unique owing to its different anatomy and ethnicity. In recent years there have been some noteworthy developments in Asian rhinoplasty. Traditional techniques using alloplastic implants with endonasal approach are changing due to the advent of new beauty concept, introduction of new techniques, and development of newly improved materials. In this review, we will highlight some of the recent advances of Asian rhinoplasty with emphasis on dorsal augmentation, advances in implant material and tip surgery using autologous cartilage. Finally with increase of revision cases, issues relavant to revision rhinoplasty in Asians will be addressed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background/Aims: The effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in Asian functional dyspepsia (FD) patients has not been well established as in Western countries. DA-9701, a novel prokinetic agent, stimulates gastric emptying and modulates visceral hypersensitivity in vivo and in human studies. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of DA-9701 with a conventional PPI in mono or combination therapy in patients with FD. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, non-inferiority trial, 389 patients diagnosed with FD using Rome III criteria were allocated among 3 groups: 30-mg DA-9701 t.i.d (means 3 times a day), 40-mg pantoprazole, and 30-mg DA-9701 t.i.d + 40-mg pantoprazole. The primary efficacy end-point was a global assessment of the patient binary response or response on a 5-Likert scale after 4 weeks. Results: The global symptomatic improvement was 60.5% in the DA-9701 group, 65.6% in the pantoprazole group, and 63.5% in the DA- 9701 + pantoprazole group using a 5-Likert scale at week 4 with no significant difference among 3 groups (P = 0.685). Symptom improvement measured by binary outcome was significantly achieved in each of the 3 groups, but not different among groups. Patients in all treatment groups reported significant improvement in the response rate and symptoms according to FD subtypes and dyspepsia-related quality of life (P < 0.001), but there were no significant differences among the 3 groups. Conclusions: DA-9701 improves global and individual symptoms and increases dyspepsia-specific quality of life in patients with FD. The efficacy of DA-9701 monotherapy is comparable with pantoprazole and there is no additive effect with combination of DA-9701 and pantoprazole in patients with FD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an effort to elucidate the environmental significance of the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants (LRTAP), the particle-bound Cd data for an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 (PM2.5) and 10μm (PM10) fractions were analyzed in the spring periods of four consecutive years between 2001 and 2004. To describe the factors affecting Cd distributions in relation to LRTAP, the Cd measurement data were evaluated after being grouped into several criteria: Asian dust (AD)/non-Asian dust (NAD), particle size, metal specie, source location, etc. According to our analysis, Cd concentrations in the coarse fraction were higher during AD (2.21±1.88ngm−3) than during NAD (1.58±1.11ngm−3). In contrast, its fine-fraction counterpart showed a contrary pattern with more enhanced values during NAD (2.60±1.64ngm−3) than AD (1.60±0.65ngm−3). Evidence collected from the present study indicates that the occurrence of the AD events generally proceed with the inflow of Cd-deficient particle, as reflected by a persistently low Cd/PM ratio from all particle fractions. Inspection of the Cd data in relation with the back trajectory analysis further suggests that the AD event is not the main route of the Cd transport into Korea, although such mechanism can be efficient depending on such variables as the size of particle as well as the intensity and transport route of AD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]