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Family-Centred Early Intervention (FCEI), an international congress that meets biannually, concurred that programmes serving young deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) children and their families should include D/HH adults when offering family social and emotional support (Principle 4) and engaging in collaborative teamwork with D/HH adults (Principle 8) (Moeller, Carr, Seaver, Stredler-Brown, & Holzinger, 2013). However, to date, there is no known published research investigating roles of D/HH adults in such programmes. This article discusses results from an online exploratory survey distributed internationally with the focus on the support and roles of deaf adults working in programmes serving young deaf children and their families. Forty-eight respondents completed the survey. Findings indicate that the support provided by deaf adults includes educational information and communication support, and that the major roles provided by deaf adults are as role models and language providers. Additionally, respondents reported that families do not have a diverse range of deaf professionals to connect with in early intervention programmes. This article concludes with a call to action for infusing deaf adults in programmes that include Formalisation, Collaboration, Education, and Infusion. For the purpose of this manuscript, the term "deaf" is an inclusive term representing all individuals with various hearing levels and cultural experiences.

Backgrounds: Multidisciplinary therapy has increased the risk of subsequent late effects, but detailed analyses on secondary cancers in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) are limited in Asian countries.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study comprising 10,069 CCSs who were diagnosed between 1980 and 2009 across 15 Japanese hospitals. We conducted secondary analyses to estimate the incidence of secondary cancer according to each primary malignancy and to elucidate the association between primary and secondary cancers. We also explored the risk factors for the development of secondary cancer in each independent primary malignancy.Results: The cumulative incidence of secondary cancer at 20 years varied among primary cancers: hematological malignancy, 3.1% (95% CI 2.2-4.3); retinoblastoma, 6.6% (95% CI 1.5-16.8); pediatric solid tumor, 2.5% (95% CI 1.3-4.2); brain tumors, 5.2% (95% CI 1.7-11.8) bone/soft tissue sarcoma, 5.2% (95% CI 2.3-10.1); and others, 3.3% (95% CI 1.6-6.0) (p = 0.015). The cumulative incidence of secondary cancers is highest in those with osteosarcoma (13.1%) followed by those with hepatoblastoma (8.4%) and retinoblastoma (6.6%). Close association between the primary and secondary cancer diagnoses was found. The risk factors for secondary cancer development depended on the primary cancer, but autologous/allogeneic stem cell transplantation was a relatively common risk factor.Conclusion: The cumulative incidence of secondary cancer varied among primary cancers. The primary cancer was closely associated with the secondary cancer but stem cell transplantation was a common risk factor for secondary cancers among CCSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate endoscopic determination of invasion depth for gastric cancer is essential in making the proper decisions for planning treatment strategy. The use of endoscopic resection such as endoscopic submucosal dissection has become more widespread in treating early gastric cancer, particularly in Asia. As a result, differential endoscopic diagnosis between mucosal and submucosal depth of invasion has become increasingly important in determining the indications for endoscopic resection. Endoscopy is the primary modality for diagnosing gastric cancer. Correlations between macroscopic type and invasion depth for early gastric cancer have been reported in the Paris endoscopic classification of superficial neoplastic lesions; thus, the proper use of macroscopic classification is helpful in determining invasion depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]