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An incisional hernia is a typical long-term consequence of abdominal surgery. The majority of surgeons advise that these hernias be repaired as soon as they are identified. As a result, there was a need to study the disease condition and its many manifestations, as well as to assess the level of awareness among the patients who came to us and to decide the appropriate treatment modality in our facility. The following operative procedures were adopted in our study: 1. Prosthetic mesh repair (onlay) 2. Anatomical suture repair 3. IPOM 4. Open PCST In our study the age of the patient ranges from 25 years to 70 years. The mean age was 48.36 years (SD ± 11.00). In our present series of 36 cases of incisional hernia, 23 were female patients (63.89%) and 13 were males (36.11%). The male: female ratio was found to be 1: 1.76. Laparotomy were a major contributing procedure for Incisional hernia comprising of 21 (58.3%) cases out of 36 Incisional hernia cases, followed by gynecological operations 12(33.4%) cases, 2(5.6%) case of Open Cholecystectomy and 1(2.8%) case of Open Appendicectomy. Out of gynecological surgeries, major contributing surgeries were LSCS 10(27.8%) cases, Hysterectomy 2(5.6%) cases. Incisional hernias have a maximum diameter of the hernial defect in our study 12 cm. 2 cases of small incisional hernias were repaired by IPOM. There were 36 cases of incisional hernia comprising whose maximum diameter of the hernial sac is between 5 to 10 cm. 30 of these cases were repaired by open onlay mesh repair. In these cases, laparotomy followed by adhesiolysis, reduction of content, onlay mesh placement and closure of abdominal incision with suture was done. There was one case of incisional hernia whose diameter was more than 12 cm where open PCST was attempted with sublay mesh repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japanese encephalitis viruses (JEVs) are globally prevalent as deadly pathogens in humans and animals, including pig, horse and cattle. Japanese encephalitis (JE) still remains an important cause of epidemic encephalitis worldwide and exists in a zoonotic transmission cycle. Assam is one of the highly endemic states for JE in India. In the present study, to understand the epidemiological status of JE circulating in pigs and mosquito, particularly in Assam, India, molecular detection of JEV and the genome sequencing of JEV isolates from pigs and mosquitoes was conducted. The genome analysis of two JEV isolates from pigs and mosquitoes revealed 7 and 20 numbers of unique points of polymorphism of nucleotide during alignment of the sequences with other available sequences, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates of the present investigation belong to genotype III and are closely related with the strains of neighboring country China. This study highlights the transboundary nature of the JEV genotype III circulation, which maintained the same genotype through mosquito-swine transmission cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The co-seismic deformation of the 28th April 2021 Assam earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 has been investigated using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR). The results obtained from the PSInSAR are validated with the results of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It is observed that the co-seismic deformation of the earthquake is not visible because of the atmospheric noise. Therefore, we used the Sentinel-1 time-series data of the area to minimize the atmospheric noise effect the data using the Atmospheric Phase Screening (APS) processing of Sentinel-1 time series data. The time-series analysis shows minor changes that occurred during the earthquake. Firstly, the detection of coherence-based changes was carried out to identify the most affected areas, caused by the earthquake. The results of time series analysis suggest that the region located to the north of the Brahmaputra River is subsiding at a much faster rate (−25 to -75 mm/y) than its southern counterpart, where the southern part is subsiding with an average velocity of −0.1 to −15 mm/y. The subsided locations identified using the PSInSAR are further confirmed by the presence of liquefaction features, ground cracks, and tilted buildings related to post-liquefaction ground settlement. To see the deformation along the Bomdila Fault (BF), re-analysis of the available GPS results has been carried out and the derived results reveal a significant amount of deformation (∼4 mm/y) associated with BF and Jorhat Fault (JF); whereas the deformation associated with Kopili Fault (KF) is 3.14 mm/y. Further, our results suggest the presence of compressional strain in the BF zone, while extensional strain in the KF zone. The earthquake focal mechanism analysis suggests that the event of the April 2021 was primarily associated with the BF rather than the KF. • We investigated co-seismic deformation caused by 28th April 2021 Assam earthquake. • Time-series analysis reveals significant amount of ground subsidence in the area. • We identified higher subsidence rates towards the north of Brahmaputra River • GPS result suggests that the Bomdila fault (BF) is deforming much faster than KF. • The identified co-seismic deformation of BF is ∼4 mm/y and 3.14 mm/y along the KF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]