1. Occurrence of lipophilic marine toxins in shellfish from Galicia (NW of Spain) and synergies among them.
- Author
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Rodríguez LP, González V, Martínez A, Paz B, Lago J, Cordeiro V, Blanco L, Vieites JM, and Cabado AG
- Subjects
- Animals, Atlantic Ocean, Bivalvia growth & development, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival drug effects, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Drug Synergism, Humans, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Limit of Detection, Molecular Structure, Mollusk Venoms chemistry, Mollusk Venoms toxicity, Neurons cytology, Okadaic Acid analogs & derivatives, Okadaic Acid analysis, Okadaic Acid chemistry, Okadaic Acid toxicity, Oxocins agonists, Oxocins analysis, Oxocins chemistry, Oxocins toxicity, Pyrans agonists, Pyrans analysis, Pyrans chemistry, Pyrans toxicity, Shellfish adverse effects, Spain, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Bivalvia chemistry, Food Contamination, Food Inspection methods, Mollusk Venoms analysis, Neurons drug effects, Shellfish analysis
- Abstract
Lipophilic marine toxins pose a serious threat for consumers and an enormous economic problem for shellfish producers. Synergistic interaction among toxins may play an important role in the toxicity of shellfish and consequently in human intoxications. In order to study the toxic profile of molluscs, sampled during toxic episodes occurring in different locations in Galicia in 2014, shellfish were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the official method for the detection of lipophilic toxins. The performance of this procedure was demonstrated to be fit for purpose and was validated in house following European guidelines. The vast majority of toxins present in shellfish belonged to the okadaic acid (OA) group and some samples from a particular area contained yessotoxin (YTX). Since these toxins occur very often with other lipophilic toxins, we evaluated the potential interactions among them. A human neuroblastoma cell line was used to study the possible synergies of OA with other lipophilic toxins. Results show that combination of OA with dinophysistoxin 2 (DTX2) or YTX enhances the toxicity triggered by OA, decreasing cell viability and cell proliferation, depending on the toxin concentration and incubation time. The effects of other lipophilic toxins as 13-desmethyl Spirolide C were also evaluated in vitro.
- Published
- 2015
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