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Plasmodiophora brassicae, the obligate biotrophic plant pathogen causing clubroot ofBrassicacrops, has been present in Australia since the 1890s. The disease spread rapidly in vegetableBrassicacrops, causing widespread losses during the 1980s and 1990s due to the increasing intensity ofBrassicaproduction and the extensive use of transplants. In response to the escalating problems caused by this disease in vegetableBrassicacrops, a survey and pilot studies were initiated in 1993. This grew to become a coordinated national programme delivering clubroot research, development and extension to theBrassicaindustry until 2010. The key outcome of the programme was reduced crop losses through more effective and sustainable management of clubroot. This was achieved by the development and implementation of integrated, disease management strategies involving the use of good farm and nursery hygiene, early disease detection, application of lime (as calcium oxide) to maintain soil alkalinity, use of calcium and boron fertilizers, and strategic application of fungicides. Successful use of these integrated strategies reduced industry reliance on soil fumigants for disease control. This review details the history and impact of clubroot in Australia and research efforts directed towards its control. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]