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Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are both typically seasonal diseases, with winter peaks in temperate climates. Coadministration of an RSV vaccine and influenza vaccine could be a benefit, requiring 1 rather than 2 visits to a healthcare provider for individuals receiving both vaccines., Methods: The primary immunogenicity objective of this phase 3, 1:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy adults aged ≥65 years in Australia was to demonstrate noninferiority of immune responses with coadministration of the stabilized RSV prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVpreF) and seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (SIIV) versus SIIV or RSVpreF administered alone, using a 1.5-fold noninferiority margin (lower bound 95% confidence interval >.667). Safety and tolerability were evaluated by collecting reactogenicity and adverse event data., Results: Of 1403 participants randomized, 1399 received vaccinations (median age, 70; range, 65‒91 years). Local reactions and systemic events were mostly mild or moderate when RSVpreF was coadministered with SIIV or administered alone. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Geometric mean ratios were 0.86 for RSV-A and 0.85 for RSV-B neutralizing titers at 1 month after RSVpreF administration and 0.77 to 0.90 for strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition assay titers at 1 month after SIIV. All comparisons achieved the prespecified 1.5-fold noninferiority margin., Conclusions: The primary study objectives were met, demonstrating noninferiority of RSVpreF and SIIV immune responses when RSVpreF was coadministered with SIIV and that RSVpreF had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile when coadministered with SIIV. The results of this study support coadministration of RSVpreF and SIIV in an older-adult population., Clinical Trials Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05301322., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. E. A. reports receiving consulting fees from Moderna for vaccine advisory meeting. R. J. S. reports being an investigator for Pfizer (consultant doctor/medical investigator for the University of the Sunshine Coast Clinical Trials team; received consulting fees to work as a medical investigator; and was involved with the conduct of the clinical trial for Pfizer RSVpreF vaccine at the clinical trial site in Queensland, Australia). A. G. reports patents planned, issued, or pending: WO2017/1096729. All authors (except E. A. and R. J. S.) are employees of Pfizer, Inc, and may hold stock or stock options. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Objectives: Assess Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization in healthy Australian adults receiving an investigational S. aureus 3-antigen vaccine (SA3Ag)., Methods: In this phase 1, double-blind, sponsor-unblinded study, participants were randomized to receive a single dose (1 of 3 dose levels) of SA3Ag or placebo and a booster dose or placebo at 6 months. S. aureus isolates from nasal, perineal, and oropharyngeal swabs before and through 12 months post-vaccination were identified., Results: Baseline S. aureus colonization prevalence was 30.6% (any site), with nasal carriage (27.0%) more common than oropharyngeal/perineal (3.2% each). Following initial vaccination (low-dose: 102; mid-dose: 101; high-dose: 101; placebo: 102) and booster (low-dose: 45; mid-dose: 44; high-dose: 27; placebo: 181), placebo and SA3Ag groups showed similar S. aureus carriage through 12 months. Most colonized participants (74.0%) were colonized by single spa types. Placebo and SA3Ag groups had similar persistence of colonization, with 19.6-30.7% due to single spa types. Acquisition was observed in mid- and high-dose recipients (∼20%) and low-dose and placebo recipients (∼12%). Vaccination resulted in substantial increases in antibodies to all 3 antigens, irrespective of carriage status., Conclusions: Based on descriptive analyses of this small study, SA3Ag vaccination did not impact S. aureus acquisition or carriage. Carriage status did not impact antibody responses to SA3Ag., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: At least one in 20 Australian men report sexual contact with another man in their lifetime. Men who have sex with other men have higher rates of sexually transmitted infections, and are more likely to experience mental health problems and use recreational drugs and alcohol., Objective: This article describes the health problems and sexual behaviour of men who have sex with men and provides an outline and an approach to discussing sexuality in general practice., Discussion: Sexuality can be difficult to discuss in general practice. A nonjudgmental approach to men who have sex with men may facilitate early identification of the relevant health issues.