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Background/aims: Darbepoetin alfa is an erythropoiesis-stimulating protein that works via the same mechanism and has a threefold longer serum half-life than recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). The objective of this study was to evaluate extending the dosing interval of darbepoetin alfa to once every other week administration for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not requiring dialysis who were naive to rHuEPO therapy., Methods: This was a multi-center, open-label study. Seventy-six rHuEPO-naive patients were enrolled to receive darbepoetin alfa (0.75 microg/kg) once every other week for up to 24 weeks. Doses were titrated to achieve and maintain a hemoglobin target of 11.0 to 13.0 g/dl., Results: Ninety-seven percent (95% CI: 0.92, 1.00) of patients completing 24 weeks of treatment achieved a hemoglobin response. The median time to response was 5 weeks (range 1-25 weeks). The median darbepoetin alfa dose at the time of response was 60 microg(range 30-130 microg). Darbepoetin alfa was safe and well tolerated, and no antibodies to darbepoetin alfa were detected., Conclusion: These results demonstrate the utility of darbepoetin alfa administered once every other week in rHuEPO-naive CKD patients. This new treatment paradigm may allow for more widespread management of anemia in patients with CKD., (Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel)