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Objective: Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has proved to be an extremely effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, and there is interest in its potential application in other gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. However, the recent death and episode of septicaemia following FMT highlights the need for further appraisal and guidelines on donor evaluation, production standards, treatment facilities and acceptable clinical indications., Design: For these consensus statements, a 24-member multidisciplinary working group voted online and then convened in-person, using a modified Delphi approach to formulate and refine a series of recommendations based on best evidence and expert opinion. Invitations to participate were directed to Australian experts, with an international delegate assisting the development. The following issues regarding the use of FMT in clinical practice were addressed: donor selection and screening, clinical indications, requirements of FMT centres and future directions. Evidence was rated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system., Results: Consensus was reached on 27 statements to provide guidance on best practice in FMT. These include: (1) minimum standards for donor screening with recommended clinical selection criteria, blood and stool testing; (2) accepted routes of administration; (3) clinical indications; (4) minimum standards for FMT production and requirements for treatment facilities acknowledging distinction between single-site centres (eg, hospital-based) and stool banks; and (5) recommendations on future research and product development., Conclusions: These FMT consensus statements provide comprehensive recommendations around the production and use of FMT in clinical practice with relevance to clinicians, researchers and policy makers., Competing Interests: Competing interests: CRK has received research support and is a site investigator for Finch Therapeutics; and is a clinical advisory board member for Openbiome. SP is a consultant for Finch Therapeutics and received speaker fees from Ferring, Janssen. TJB has interest in Redhill Biopharma, Salix and Finch Therapeutics, ResMed and GSK; has interest in the Centre for Digestive Diseases, where faecal microbiota transplantation is a treatment option for patients, and has patents in this field. MK has received speaker fees, research funding, educational support or honoraria for advisory board participation from Ferring, AbbVie, Janssen, Takeda and received research support from AbbVie. SPC has received speaker fees from Shire, Ferring, Microbiotica, Pfizer and Janssen; and is a shareholder in BiomeBank. JMA has received speaker fees, research funding, educational support or honoraria for advisory board participation from Abbott, AbbVie, Allergan, Anatara, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Celegene, Ferring, Gilead, Hospira, Immuninc, ImmunsanT, Janssen, MSD, Nestle, Progenity, Pfizer, Shire, Takeda, Vifor, Royal Adelaide Research Fund and The Hospital Research Fund. JB has received speaker fees, research funding, educational support or honoraria for advisory board participation from Janssen, Takeda, AbbVie, Celgene, Ferring, Pfizer, Anatara, Microba, Shire and Progenity. SC has received speaker fees, research funding, educational support or honoraria for advisory board participation from AbbVie, Aspen/Orphan, Celgene, Ferring, Gilead, Janssen, MSD, Pfizer, Shire, Takeda and Vifor. SG has received speaker fees, research funding, educational support or honoraria for advisory board participation from Janssen Cilag, Shire, Takeda, Ferring and Pfizer and AbbVie. DAL has received speaker fees, research funding, educational support or honoraria for advisory board participation from Nutricia, Nestle, Janssen, AbbVie. RP has received speaker fees or research support from Janssen, Aspen, Pfizer, Abbvie and Takeda. RWL reports advisory board fees from AbbVie, Aspen, Celgene, Ferring, Gilead, Hospira, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and Takeda; research fees from Gastrointestinal Society of Australia (GESA), Endochoice, Janssen, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Shire, and Takeda; and speaker fees from Emerge Health, Ferring, Janssen, Shire, and Takeda., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Aim: To explore gastroenterologist perceptions towards and experience with faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)., Methods: A questionnaire survey consisting of 17 questions was created to assess gastroenterologists' attitude towards and experience with FMT. This was anonymously distributed in hard copy format amongst attendees at gastroenterology meetings in Australia between October 2013 and April 2014. Basic descriptive statistical analyses were performed., Results: Fifty-two clinicians participated. Twenty one percent had previously referred patients for FMT, 8% more than once. Ninety percent would refer patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) for FMT if easily available, 37% for ulcerative colitis, 13% for Crohn's disease and 6% for irritable bowel syndrome. Six percent would not refer any indication, including recurrent CDI. Eighty-six percent would enroll patients in FMT clinical trials. Thirty-seven percent considered the optimal mode of FMT administration transcolonoscopic, 17% nasoduodenal, 13% enema and 8% oral capsule. The greatest concerns regarding FMT were: 42% lack of evidence, 12% infection risk, 10% non infectious adverse effects/lack of safety data, 10% aesthetic, 10% lack of efficacy, 4% disease exacerbation, and 2% inappropriate use; 6% had no concerns. Seventy seven percent believed there is a lack of accessibility while 52% had an interest in learning how to provide FMT. Only 6% offered FMT at their institution., Conclusion: Despite general enthusiasm, most gastroenterologists have limited experience with, or access to, FMT. The greatest concerns were lack of supportive evidence and safety issues. However a significant proportion would refer indications other than CDI for FMT despite insufficient evidence. These data provide guidance on where education and training are required.