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Early Palaeozoic basement rocks in South Westland consist of regionally metamorphosed Greenland Group of probable Ordovician depositional age. Correlative and formerly contiguous Gondwana margin rocks are also found in Antarctica and eastern Australia. Major protoliths are variably foliated sandstone and mudstone, with rare scattered calcareous lenses. Field, petrographic and electron microprobe data reveal a progressive, regional, southeast-wards increase in metamorphic grade in a 2600 km2 area between Martins Bay and Fox Glacier. We define new chlorite, biotite–albite, biotite–calcic plagioclase and sillimanite–microcline zones. Minerals such as cordierite and andalusite, along with semi-schistose textures, indicate a low P/T (pressure/temperature) Buchan style of regional metamorphism spanning the lower greenschist to upper amphibolite facies. This contrasts with medium to high P/T metamorphism in the Haast Schist east of the Alpine Fault. In South Westland, peak metamorphism is loosely constrained as Devonian to Carboniferous (330–375 Ma) in age; the present-day isograd pattern was mostly established by the Late Cretaceous and has not been strongly influenced by Alpine Fault deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]