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Australia has had an active and slowly expanding home haemodialysis programme; however, this has failed to expand as rapidly as some other methods of treatment of end-stage kidney disease. The technique in Australia has always been a derivative from overseas experience, rather than innovative. It received some minor initial support from the report issued in 1968 by an ad-hoc Committee of the National Health and Medical Research Council on Rationalization of Facilities for Organ Transplantation and Renal Dialysis, but was ultimately disadvantaged because the report promoted transplantation over dialysis to an extent that proved markedly disproportionate to the number of patients who, in succeeding decades, would need maintenance dialysis treatment rather than transplantation. Nevertheless, each state in Australia established home haemodialysis facilities, but major interstate variations occurred in the uptake of the modality. The subsequent development of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and limited care dialysis centres appeared to have an important negative impact on home haemodialysis, although the recent introduction of daily dialysis is likely to have a positive influence in the future.