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This article details the use of the phrase 'national security' in political and public discourse around the time of Australia's Federation (1881–1921). It finds that while it was not present in policy or legislation until later, the phrase enjoyed noteworthy use in political debates and news media during the early Federal period. Further, the article finds that while military and defensive concerns were a common consideration of this early 'national security', there also existed a strong economic and social element, prefiguring the 'broadening' of security following the Cold War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antarctica is a crucial regulator of the world's climate, and as environmental security permeates global security, using Antarctic science to better understand climate is becoming increasingly pressing. Although the Australian Government has recognised that climate change poses 'a current and existential national security' threat and has acknowledged Antarctica's importance regarding the earth's global climate system, the focus of Australia's intelligence community pertaining to Antarctica currently remains restricted to upholding the military-security and diplomatic goals of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). This current focus aims to hedge against the possibility of conflict on, or over, the frozen continent via 'working the ATS', however, this paper argues that Antarctic climate science holds a greater capacity to deliver security outcomes for Australia. Antarctic climate science offers opportunities regarding intelligence for Antarctica, that is, securing Australia's Antarctic interests, as well as regarding intelligence from Antarctica; by enhancing natural disaster preparedness, bolstering broader strategic planning, as well as furthering diplomacy and the legitimisation of Australia's leadership on, and over, the frozen continent. It is recommended that the Commonwealth Government establish a climate intelligence working group to ensure the utility of climate science to security and intelligence is realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northwestern Laurentia, after cratonization at about 1.85 Ga, underwent a series of tectonic and magmatic events during the Proterozoic that were followed by separation of Laurentia from another landmass, probably Australia. The oldest magmatic event produced the Bonnet Plume River Intrusions (BPRI), which intruded the Wernecke Supergroup as short dikes and small stocks. The BPRI are hydrothermally altered tholeiitic diorites, gabbros, and subordinate anorthositic and syenitic rocks, with trace element signatures consistent with a rift origin. Depleted mantle model ages range from 2.29 to 2.57 Ga and ℇ[sub Nd] values range from +0.7 to –1.7. An increasing crustal component is apparent in rocks with more evolved compositions. Four U–Pb zircon ages (1705.9 ± 0.7, 1709.4 ± 1.4, 1711.1 ± 5.1, and 1713.6 ± 12.7 Ma) indicate a Paleoproterozoic age for the BPRI. These dates constrain the age of the Wernecke Supergroup to ca. 1710 Ma, making it the oldest supracrustal succession in western Laurentia, e.g., >240 Ma older than the Belt Supergroup of southeastern British Columbia and the northwestern United States. The Wernecke Supergroup was deposited in the first rift basin to open along the western margin of Laurentia, but was later inverted by the pre-1.6 Ga Racklan Orogeny, an event possibly influenced by transmission of compression from the Yavapai and Mazatzal orogenies in southern Laurentia. The Neoproterozoic southwestern United States – east Antarctica (SWEAT) reconstruction, which places Australia next to northwestern Laurentia, is supported by linkages between Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic geological features in northwestern Canada and Australia.Après une cratonisation vers 1,85 Ga, le nord-ouest du continent laurentien (Laurentia) a subi une série d'événements tectoniques et magmatiques au cours du Protérozoïque; ces événements ont été suivis par la séparation de Laurentia d'une autre masse continentale, probablement l'Australie. L'événement magmatique le plus ancien a produit les intrusions de la rivière Bonnet Plume (BPRI) qui ont pénétré le Supergroupe de Wernacke en tant que de courts dykes et de petits massifs intrusifs. Les BPRI consistent en des diorites tholéiitiques, des gabbros et des roches subordonnées anorthositiques et syénitiques qui ont subi une altération hydrothermale, avec des signatures d'éléments traces qui concordent avec une origine de fosse. La plage pour les modèles de manteau appauvri varie de 2,29 à 2,57 Ga et les valeurs ℇ[sub Nd] varient de +0,7 à –1,7. Une plus grande composante crustale est apparente dans les roches avec des compositions plus évoluées. Quatre déterminations d'âge U–Pb sur des zircons donnent un âge paléoprotérozoïque pour les BPRI : 1705,9 ± 0,7 Ma, 1709,4 ± 1,4 Ma , 1711,1 ± 5,1 Ma et 1713,6 ± 12,7 Ma. Ces dates limitent l'âge du Supergroupe de Wernecke à environ 1710 Ma, faisant de la séquence supracrustale la plus ancienne du Laurentia occidental, par ex., > 240 Ma plus ancien que le Supergroupe de Belt du sud-est de la Colombie-Britannique et du nord-ouest des États-Unis. Le Supergroupe de Wernecke a été déposé dans le premier bassin de distension qui s'est ouvert le long de la limite ouest de Laurentia mais il a été par la suite inversé par l'orogène de Racklan pré-1,6 Ga, un événement possiblement influencé par la transmission de la compression des orogènes Yavapai et Mazatzal dans le sud du Laurentia. La reconstruction du transect sud-ouest américain – est de l'Antarctique (SWEAT), au Néoprotérozoïque, qui place l'Australie à côté du nord-ouest de Laurentia, est appuyé par des liens entre les caractéristiques géologiques Paléo- et Méso- protérozoïques au nord-ouest du Canada et en Australie.[Traduit par la Rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]