1. Bioactivity and chemical characterisation of Lophostemon suaveolens--an endemic Australian Aboriginal traditional medicinal plant.
- Author
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Naz T, Packer J, Yin P, Brophy JJ, Wohlmuth H, Renshaw DE, Smith J, Elders YC, Vemulpad SR, and Jamie JF
- Subjects
- 3T3 Cells, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Australia, Azulenes chemistry, Azulenes isolation & purification, Bicyclic Monoterpenes, Flavonoids chemistry, Flavonoids isolation & purification, Mice, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes, Monoterpenes chemistry, Monoterpenes isolation & purification, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Pentacyclic Triterpenes, Plant Leaves chemistry, Plants, Medicinal chemistry, Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes, RAW 264.7 Cells, Sesquiterpenes chemistry, Sesquiterpenes isolation & purification, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Streptococcus pyogenes drug effects, Triterpenes chemistry, Triterpenes isolation & purification, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Betulinic Acid, Anti-Bacterial Agents isolation & purification, Anti-Inflammatory Agents isolation & purification, Myrtaceae chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry
- Abstract
Lophostemon suaveolens is a relatively unexplored endemic medicinal plant of Australia. Extracts of fresh leaves of L. suaveolens obtained from sequential extraction with n-hexane and dichloromethane exhibited antibacterial activity in the disc diffusion and MTT microdilution assays against Streptococcus pyogenes and methicillin sensitive and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (minimum bactericidal concentration < 63 μg/mL). The dichloromethane extract and chromatographic fractions therein inhibited nitric oxide in RAW264.7 murine macrophages (IC50 3.7-11.6 μg/mL) and also PGE2 in 3T3 murine fibroblasts (IC50 2.8-19.7 μg/mL). The crude n-hexane, dichloromethane and water extracts of the leaves and chromatographic fractions from the dichloromethane extract also showed modest antioxidant activity in the ORAC assay. GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane fraction showed the presence of the antibacterial compounds aromadendrene, spathulenol, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene and α-pinene and the anti-inflammatory compounds β-caryophyllene and spathulenol. Fractionation of the dichloromethane extract led to the isolation of eucalyptin and the known anti-inflammatory compound betulinic acid.
- Published
- 2016
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