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The article discusses the study on the effects of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the economy of Australia in 2010. The study estimates the indirect and direct costs from the sample of 712 Australian MS Longitudinal Study (AMSLS) who finishes the follow-up and baseline economic effect surveys. The result of the study shows that 48,945 Australian dollar (AUD) is the annual costs of person with MS.

The article discusses a study on the assessment of the impacts of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the lives of the MS disease carriers in Australia. The study uses a cost-effective assessment strategy by conducting surveys from the volunteer members of an MS registry. It says that the strategy may exhibit different outcomes resulting to the prevalence of volunteer bias. It adds that the Australian Multiple Sclerosis Longitudinal Study (AMSLS) was determined essential in the country's MS population.

Heat intolerance is a significant medical problem affecting people with multiple sclerosis (MS). For people with MS, the costs of running their air conditioners are an additional disease-related expense that must be met on top of other out-of-pocket disease-related expenses. Using the results of the 2008 Keeping Cool Survey, we estimate the relative economic disadvantage faced by MS households in trying to keep cool. We find that MS households spend around four times more on keeping cool than average Australian households. Sensitivity analysis indicates that our results are robust with respect to all key inputs and parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a major impact on health and is a substantial burden on patients and society. We estimated the annual costs of MS in Australia from individual and societal perspectives using data from the Australian MS Longitudinal Study (AMSLS) and prevalence figures from 2010., Methods: Direct and indirect costs were estimated from a subsample of 712 AMSLS subjects who completed baseline and follow-up economic impact surveys. All costs are in 2010 Australian dollars (AUD)., Results: Annual costs per person with MS were AUD48,945 (95% CI: 45,138 to 52,752). Total costs were AUD1.042 (0.9707 to 1.1227) billion based on a prevalence of 21,283. The largest component was indirect costs due to loss of productivity (48%). Costs increased with increasing disability: AUD36,369, AUD58,890 and AUD65,305 per patient per year for mild, moderate and severe disability, respectively. Total costs of MS to Australian society have increased 58% between 2005 and 2010., Conclusions: This study confirms that MS imposes a substantial burden on Australian society, particularly impacting on productivity. The burden increases with worsening disability associated with the disease. Investment in interventions that slow progression, as well as resources, services and environments that assist people with MS to retain employment, is supported.

Background: Surveying volunteer members of a multiple sclerosis registry is a very cost-effective way of assessing the impact of the disease on life outcomes. However, whether the data from such a study can be generalised to the whole population of persons living with MS in a country or region is unclear., Methods: Here we compare the demographic and disease characteristics of participants in one such study, the Australian Multiple Sclerosis Longitudinal Study (AMSLS), with two well-characterised MS prevalence studies with near-complete ascertainment of MS in their study regions., Results: Although some differences were found, these largely represented the effects of geography (sex ratios) and local factors (national immunomodulatory therapy prescribing requirements), and the cohorts were otherwise comparable. Overall, despite comprising only 12-16% of MS cases in Australia, the AMSLS is highly representative of the MS population., Conclusions: Therefore with some minor caveats, the AMSLS data can be generalised to the whole Australasian MS population. Volunteer disease registries such as this can be highly representative and provide an excellent convenience sample when studying rare conditions such as MS.

Background: A better understanding of the workplace difficulties experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) may be critical to developing appropriate vocational and rehabilitative programs., Objective: We aimed to assess the factor structure, internal consistency and validity of the new Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire (MSWDQ)., Methods: Work difficulty items were developed and reviewed by a panel of experts. Using the MSWDQ, cross-sectional self-report data of work difficulties were obtained in addition to employment status and MS disease information, in a community-based sample of 189 PwMS., Results: Exploratory Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis on the draft questionnaire yielded 50 items measuring 12 factors. Subscale internal consistencies ranged from 0.74 to 0.92, indicating adequate to excellent internal consistency reliability. The MSWDQ explained 40% of the variance in reduced work hours since diagnosis, 40% of the variance in expectations about withdrawing from work, 34% of the variance in expectations about reducing work hours, and 39% of the variance in expectations about changing type of work due to MS., Conclusion: The MSWDQ is a valid and internally reliable measure of workplace difficulties in PwMS. Physical difficulties, as well as cognitive and psychological difficulties were important predictors of workplace outcomes and expectations about future employment.

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) tend to have lower participation in paid employment compared to those with other chronic diseases. In two large-sample, self-report surveys of MS patients performed 4 years apart, employment rates were measured both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The reasons for employment loss and perceived risk of future employment loss were also assessed. A total of 1,135 patients responded to the first survey, 1,329 to the second, and 667 to both. Longitudinal loss of employment was 5.4% over the 4 years 2003-2007, a period of relative national economic prosperity. By 2007, 56% of MS patients had lost employment due to MS and 64% were not in the paid labour force. Regression analysis indicated that men were more likely than women to leave their employment because of their MS, and older people were more likely than younger ones to do so. Level of occupational skill using Australian Bureau of Statistics categorisation was not predictive of maintaining or losing employment. The main reasons reported by people with MS for their loss of employment involved the ineffective management of symptoms of MS in the workplace, rather than workplace-related factors including insufficient flexibility of employment conditions or being asked to leave or sacked. The most frequently listed symptoms relating to employment loss, and perceived risk of losing current employment, were fatigue, mobility-related symptoms, arm and hand difficulties, and cognitive deficits. These findings imply that many employees with MS are leaving their planning for effective symptom management, and for appropriate accommodations in the workplace, until such planning is too late to be effective. The potential advantages of early, supported disclosure of diagnosis to employers before MS symptoms become a problem are discussed.