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Despite the positive relationship between anthocyanin-rich foods and cognitive health, a dietary deficit exists in older adults. Effective interventions require an understanding of people's dietary behaviors situated in social and cultural contexts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore older adults' perceptions about increasing their consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods for cognitive health. Following an educational session and the provision of a recipe and information book, an online survey and focus groups with Australian adults aged 65 years or older ( n = 20) explored the barriers and enablers towards eating more anthocyanin-rich foods and potential strategies to achieve dietary change. An iterative, qualitative analysis identified the themes and classified the barriers, enablers and strategies onto the Social-Ecological model levels of influence (individual, interpersonal, community, society). Enabling factors included a desire to eat healthily, taste preference and familiarity of anthocyanin-rich foods (individual), social support (community), and the availability of some anthocyanin-rich foods (society). The barriers included budget, dietary preferences and motivation (individual), household influences (interpersonal), limited availability and access to some anthocyanin-rich foods (community) and the cost and the seasonal variability (society). The strategies included increasing individual-level knowledge, skills, and confidence in utilizing anthocyanin-rich foods, educational initiatives about the potential cognitive benefits, and advocating to increase access to anthocyanin-rich foods in the food supply. This study provides for the first time, insight into the various levels of influence impacting older adults' ability to consume an anthocyanin-rich diet for cognitive health. Future interventions should be tailored to reflect the barriers and enablers and to provide targeted education about anthocyanin-rich foods.

Background: Dermatology consultation has been shown to have a significant beneficial impact on admitted hospital patients with concurrent or newly diagnosed skin conditions. This study aimed to determine the change in diagnosis and management after dermatology consultation in a tertiary Australian referral hospital., Methods: A retrospective analysis of dermatology consultations for hospital inpatients from June 1, 2018, through November 11, 2019, was performed. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records, and a chi-squared test was used to analyze categorical variables., Results: There were 306 consultations during the period of interest. The male to female ratio was 1:1 with a median age of 63. Consultations were most often requested by medical teams (69%), and the majority of patients seen in the emergency department were discharged home (86%). In 44% of cases, the requesting team did not provide a diagnosis; in the cases where it did provide a diagnosis, it was changed 57.9% of the time. The most commonly misdiagnosed conditions were dermatitis and skin infections. Dermatologists established or changed management in 82% of cases, and a total of 676 suggestions were made for management., Conclusion: The results of this review reinforce the value of dermatology input in the diagnosis and management of hospital in patients. Ensuring maintained presence of hospital-based dermatologists has the potential to improve diagnosis and management of cutaneous issues early on; by extension, this can minimize unnecessary investigations, improve the quality of healthcare, reduce hospital burden, and facilitate outpatient follow-up., (© 2021 the International Society of Dermatology.)

Dermatology consultation is a valuable inpatient service in Australian hospitals. Adherence rates to consultative advice in international literature range between 67.4% and 93%. This study identifies that adherence rates to suggested investigations and management in a tertiary Australian hospital are at the lower end of the range reported in previous literature., (© 2021 Australasian College of Dermatologists.)

Background: Clinical trial participants receiving investigational new drugs, which subsequently become approved by a medicines regulatory authority for its trialled indication, effectively gain free early access to efficacious treatment. Participants may also benefit from receiving approved, but unsubsidised medicines. These financial benefits of clinical trial participation have not previously been defined or quantified. Additionally, there are limited Australian pharmaceutical cost avoidance studies quantifying government savings through sponsored clinical trials., Aims: To calculate pharmaceutical financial benefits and cost avoidance of clinical trial participation at a single Clinical Research Unit., Methods: Recruiting clinical trials between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2017 conducted at the Haematology Clinical Research Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney were reviewed. Dispensing records were used to quantitate the pharmaceuticals dispensed to every participant. Financial calculations were based on Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) pricing, or from UpToDate for non-PBS listed agents., Results: Thirty-six eligible clinical trials involving 245 participants accrued AU$3 971 357 in financial benefit from early access to subsequently approved investigational new drugs, AU$12 209 538 in financial benefit from accessing approved medications not PBS listed, and AU$6 728 576 in government cost avoidance. These findings totalled AU$22 909 471, 89% of which was derived in the past 5 years., Conclusion: Pharmaceutical financial benefit is a previously unquantified aspect of clinical trial participation, its assigned value reflecting a measure of the quality and quantity of life delivered to patients. These data, albeit from a single discipline and institution, suggest that financial benefit represents a greater value than cost avoidance, and that its inclusion in cost-analyses may better reflect the monetary benefits of accessing efficacious pharmaceutical agents through clinical trials., (© 2019 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.)

Context: Despite the lifesaving benefits of organ and tissue donation, a worldwide shortage of suitable and registered donors exists. Although the reasons for this shortage are multifactorial, it has been recognized that distinct barriers to registration, family discussion, and consent that require targeted intervention and action are present among minority cultural, religious, and immigrant communities., Objective: To explore the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of 3 orthodox religious communities in Australia (Macedonian, Greek, and Serbian Orthodox) and determine the implications for engaging with these communities to improve knowledge, attitudes, family discussion, and the ability to make an informed decision about donation., Design: Qualitative approach using focus groups moderated by researchers and bicultural health workers with the assistance of accredited interpreters., Participants: 98 adult members of the Greek, Macedonian, and Serbian Orthodox communities in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia., Results: Clear barriers to discussing and making an informed decision about organ and tissue donation were identified. Knowledge of processes and procedures was low and discussion about death (and organ and tissue donation) with family members and loved ones was considered taboo. Despite these barriers, all 3 communities expressed a desire for more information and engagement. Of particular interest were the perspectives of 3 types of "experts": medical, religious, and other community members (who had experience with the organ and tissue donation system). Future programs designed for orthodox religious communities should consider the need for active strategies that facilitate information sharing and engagement between community members and these 3 types of experts.

The presence and distribution of hybrid individuals and the existence of a hybrid zone between the catadromous Australian bass Macquaria novemaculeata and estuary perch Macquaria colonorum were investigated throughout the range of both species in Australia. Bayesian analyses and genotypic simulations identified 140 putative hybrids (11·5% of the total sample) with varying levels of introgression. Most hybrids were observed in an area extending from the Snowy River to the Albert River suggesting a hybrid zone in the eastern Bass Strait region. Sixteen hybrids, however, were found outside this zone, possibly reflecting the movement of hybrid offspring between estuaries or their inadvertent release during fish stocking programmes. Biparental backcrossing was found to occur suggesting that hybrids were fertile. These results have implications for the management of the extensive stocking programme in M. novemaculeata and for understanding the potential role of habitat degradation and reduced water flow in facilitating hybridization in species with migratory life histories., (© 2011 The Authors. Journal of Fish Biology © 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.)