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Purpose of the Review: Our aim was to review literature describing language use in dietary guidelines and explore the extent to which food, culture, economics and the natural environment are reflected in the language of the Australian, compared to the Brazilian food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs)., Recent Findings: Australia's FBDGs are based on the best available scientific evidence and claim to "form a bridge between research and evidence-based advice to address the major health challenge of improving Australians' eating patterns". Brazil's FBDGs recognise reasons beyond health for people's food choices. Not a lot of attention has been paid to language use in dietary guidelines. The reviewed studies suggest that language in dietary guidelines should be unambiguous for consumers and evolve with national nutrition priorities. A notable difference between Australian and Brazilian FBDGs was that Australia centralised individuals and individual food groups, whereas Brazil placed people in an ecosystem. Inclusion of words that speak to how food is prepared and eaten, to expressions of culture and community, and to strategies people use for enhancing and protecting livelihoods and planetary health may enhance the relevance of future dietary guidelines., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

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It is clear that there are differences between the four nations (Australia, Canada, Britain and USA) when it comes to the use of language variety in their institutions. There are various factors such as ethnic groups, type of educational programs offered, the social and cultural systems in the countries, education system, and the immigration and movement of people which result in such differences in the use of language style in these nations. The common language between these nations is English, which is also a leading international language. This does not, however, translate into having a similar language style or accent in the countries' institutions. The contributing factors can be viewed in different perspectives. There may be some advantages and disadvantages of such varieties in language styles used in institutions, when nations have many different ethnic groups. The use of different language styles and conventions may prove to be a hindrance to some people when they seek jobs after they are through with their education. Although they use the same language, their acceptance in workplaces may depend on the language style they use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities in Australia are expanding their Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies programs to include Indigenous populations from around the globe. This is also the case for the Indigenous Studies Unit at the University of Wollongong (UOW). Although systems of nomenclature in Indigenous Studies seek to be respectful of difference, the politics of naming in the global context raises some complexities worthy of discussion. In this article, four scholars discuss the politics of naming in relation to teaching a joint Indigenous Studies subject at the UOW and Northern Arizona University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indigenous populations across the world are more likely to suffer from poor health outcomes when compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Although these disparities have many sources, one protective factor that has become increasingly apparent is the continued use and/or revitalization of traditional Indigenous lifeways: Indigenous language in particular. This realist review is aimed at bringing together the literature that addresses effects of language use and revitalization on mental and physical health., Methods: Purposive bibliographic searches on Scopus were conducted to identify relevant publications, further augmented by forward citation chaining. Included publications (qualitative and quantitative) described health outcomes for groups of Indigenous people who either did or did not learn and/or use their ancestral language. The geographical area studied was restricted to the Americas, Australia or New Zealand. Publications that were not written in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese or German were excluded. A realist approach was followed to identify positive, neutral or negative effects of language use and/or acquisition on health, with both qualitative and quantitative measures considered., Results: The bibliographic search yielded a total of 3508 possible publications of which 130 publications were included in the realist analysis. The largest proportion of the outcomes addressed in the studies (62.1%) reported positive effects. Neutral outcomes accounted for 16.6% of the reported effects. Negative effects (21.4%) were often qualified by such issues as possible cultural use of tobacco, testing educational outcomes in a student's second language, and correlation with socioeconomic status (SES), health access, or social determinants of health; it is of note that the positive correlations with language use just as frequently occurred with these issues as the negative correlations did., Conclusions: Language use and revitalization emerge as protective factors in the health of Indigenous populations. Benefits of language programs in tribal and other settings should be considered a cost-effective way of improving outcomes in multiple domains., (© 2022. The Author(s).)