1. Increased HIV Subtype Diversity Reflecting Demographic Changes in the HIV Epidemic in New South Wales, Australia.
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Di Giallonardo, Francesca, Pinto, Angie N., Keen, Phillip, Shaik, Ansari, Carrera, Alex, Salem, Hanan, Selvey, Christine, Nigro, Steven J., Fraser, Neil, Price, Karen, Holden, Joanne, Lee, Frederick J., Dwyer, Dominic E., Bavinton, Benjamin R., Grulich, Andrew E., Kelleher, Anthony D., and Martínez, Miguel A.
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HIV , *DEMOGRAPHIC change , *REVERSE transcriptase , *MEN who have sex with men , *SYPHILIS - Abstract
Changes over time in HIV-1 subtype diversity within a population reflect changes in factors influencing the development of local epidemics. Here we report on the genetic diversity of 2364 reverse transcriptase sequences from people living with HIV-1 in New South Wales (NSW) notified between 2004 and 2018. These data represent >70% of all new HIV-1 notifications in the state over this period. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to identify subtype-specific transmission clusters. Subtype B and non-B infections differed across all demographics analysed (p < 0.001). We found a strong positive association for infections among females, individuals not born in Australia or reporting heterosexual transmission being of non-B origin. Further, we found an overall increase in non-B infections among men who have sex with men from 50 to 79% in the last 10 years. However, we also found differences between non-B subtypes; heterosexual transmission was positively associated with subtype C only. In addition, the majority of subtype B infections were associated with clusters, while the majority of non-B infections were singletons. However, we found seven non-B clusters (≥5 sequences) indicative of local ongoing transmission. In conclusion, we present how the HIV-1 epidemic has changed over time in NSW, becoming more heterogeneous with distinct subtype-specific demographic associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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